Tourism in

Perspective

Tourism In Perspective
Tourism Terminologies
Career Opportunities

ChewSS@2021
 Tourism in Perspective
One of the world’s largest and
fastest growing industries and the
major source of foreign exchange
earning and employment.
 What is Tourism?
“the temporary movement of people to
destinations outside their normal places
of work and residence, the activities
undertaken during
their stay in those
destinations,
and the facilities
created to cater
to their needs”
 What is Tourism?
“the processes, activities, and outcomes
arising from the relationships and the
interactions among tourists, tourism
suppliers, host governments, host
communities, and surrounding
environments that are involved in the
attracting and hosting of visitors”
Goeldner, Ritchie (2011)

“tourism comprises the activities of

persons travelling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment
for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business, and other purposes”
WTO (1991)
Tourism in Perspective

The Businesses The Tourist

Perspectives of Tourism

The
Host

The Government
Tourism in Perspective
The tourist
Seeks psychic & physical experiences and
satisfactions.
The businesses providing tourist goods &
services
An opportunity to make a profit by
providing the goods and services
demanded by tourists.
The government of the host community or
area
An opportunity for economic development,
for jobs and income for their citizens and
tax collections.
The host community
A means for employment, to help pay
taxes, and creation of facilities and
services that also benefit them.
 Tourism Terminologies
Outbound Tourism

Inbound Tourism
International
Domestic Tourism Tourism

Internal National
Tourism Tourism
 Tourism Terminologies
visit to a country by non-
Inbound residents (i.e. Malaysia
Tourism receives foreign tourists)

visit by residents of a
country to another country Outbound
(i.e. Malaysian visits to a Tourism
foreign country)

International Inbound Outbound

Tourism Tourism Tourism

visits by residents of a
country to their own Domestic
country (Malaysian visits Tourism
within Malaysia)
 Tourism Terminologies
visits by residents and non-
Internal residents of the country of
Tourism reference

Domestic Inbound
Tourism Tourism

Internal Outbound National

Tourism Tourism Tourism
Tourism Terminologies
-Traveller- “any person on a
trip outside his
own country of
residence”

-Visitor-
“any person
travelling to a place
other than their
usual environment
for less than 12
months and whose main
purpose of trip is other than the
exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the
place visited”
Tourism Terminologies
Visitors

Same-day visitors/ Tourists

Excursionists A temporary
Visitors who do visitor staying
not spend the at least one
night in a night in
collective or private collective or
accommodation in private
the country accommodation
visited in the place
visited
 Tourism Terminologies

Travelers

Visitors Other Travelers

(Included in tourism
(Not included in
statistics)
tourism statistics)

Tourists Excursionist

Non- Non-
Residents Residents
Residents
Residents

Leisure/ Business/ Leisure/ Business/

Other Other
Recreation Professional Recreation Professional

Members
Diplomat/ Daily
Transit of the
Commuters Migrants Nomads Refugees Representation Routine
Passengers Armed
of Consulates Trips
Forces

Gee, Makens, Choy (1997)

 Before we continue with
our next session…
visits by residents and non
residents of the country of Inbound tourism
reference

visit to a country by non-

Outbound tourism
residents

visit by residents of a country to

National tourism
another country

The combinations of visit to a

country by non-residents and
Internal tourism
visit by residents of a country to
another country

visits by residents of a country to

Domestic tourism
their own country

The combinations of visits by

residents and nonresidents of
International
the country of reference and
tourism
visits by residents of a country to
another country
 Components of Tourism
& Tourism Management
NATURAL RESOURCES &
ENVIRONMENT

Physiographic People

BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Climate
Information Technology

OPERATING SECTORS
Attractions Travel
PLAN, DEV,
PROMO &
Trade

Governance
CATALYST Food
Culture

Events ORGANIZATION
Services
THE
Tourism TOURIST Adventure &
services Outdoor
Recreation
Entertainment
Transportation
Accommodation
Infrastructure Superstructure

Goeldner & Ritchie (2009)

Components of Tourism
& Tourism Management
The tourist
 Core element
 Seeks for travel experience

Planning,
development,
promotion and
catalyst
organization (PDPCO)
 The visionaries, policy makers, strategic
planners, and individuals and groups
 Brings policies and plan into reality
 Ensure plans are translated into the
facilities, events & programs
 Components of Tourism
& Tourism Management
Operating sectors
 Represent what many of the general
public perceive as “tourism”
 Transportation sector
 Accommodation sector
 Food services sector
 Attractions sector
 Events sector
 Adventure & outdoor recreation sector
 Entertainment
 Trade sector and tourism services
 Components of Tourism
& Tourism Management
Built environment
Created by human which assist the function of
operating sectors.

Infrastructure
Superstructure
Culture

Technology
Governance

Information
 Components of Tourism
& Tourism Management
Natural resources and
environment
 Physiography
 Climate
 People

Spirit of hospitality
 Fairness, respect, courtesy,
friendliness & politeness of industry
personnel & permanent residents.
Basic Approaches to The
Study of Tourism
Considers the various
intermediaries and institutions
that perform tourism
activities. Institutional
Approach
Product
Approach Involves the study of
various tourism products & HOW
they are produced, marketed & consumed.

Involves an analysis of tourism activities and

institutions from an evolutionary angle. It
searches for the cause of
innovations, their growth or
decline and shifts in
interest. Historical
Approach
Basic Approaches to The
Study of Tourism
Firmed oriented (microeconomic), focusing on
the management activities (i.e. planning,
research, pricing, advertising
& the like) Managerial
Approach
Economic
Approach Provides a framework
for analysing tourism and its
contribution to a country's economy and
economic development: focus on supply,
demand, employment, expenditures,
multipliers and etc

The study of tourist behaviour - Examines

social classes, habits and customs of
both hosts & guest Sociological
Approach
Basic Approaches to The
Study of Tourism
Geographical Interdisciplinary
Approach Approach
The study of Tourism is so vast, it is
location, necessary to have a number
environment, of approaches to studying
climate, the field for different tasks:
landscape and transportation, gaming,
law, marketing and etc
economic aspects.

The System Approach

A set of interrelated groups
coordinated to form a
unified whole and
organized to accomplish a
set of goals; integrates the
other approaches into a
comprehensive method
dealing with both micro
and macro issues.
 Economic Importance
“Over the past six decades, tourism has
experienced continued growth and
diversification to become one of the largest and
fastest growing economic sectors in the world.
Over time, more and more destinations have
opened up and invested in tourism
development, turning modern tourism into a
key driver for socioeconomic progress”
“Tourism has become one of the major
international trade categories. Today, the
export income generated by international
tourism ranks fourth after fuels, chemicals
and automotive products. For many
developing countries, it is one of the main
income sources and the number one export
category, creating much needed employment
and opportunities for development”
Source: World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO)
 Economic Importance
Most-Visited Countries by International Tourist
Arrivals in 2018
 Economic Importance
Countries with the highest international tourism
receipts in 2019
Economic Importance
The largest earners in 2019
Economic Importance
Economic Importance

Source: Tourism Malaysia (2021)

 Benefits of Tourism
Can be developed
with local products Diversifies the
economy
& resources

Provides Generate
employment foreign
opportunities exchange
Develops an
infrastructure that will Increase
also help stimulate governmental
local commerce & revenues
industry
 Benefits of Tourism
Broadens educational Improve the
and cultural horizons quality of life –
higher income
Reinforces and improved
preservation of living standards
heritage and tradition

Justifies environmental protection and

improvement

Provides tourist
& recreational
facilities that
may be used by
a local
population
 Benefits of Tourism

Promote international
understanding and peace

Provides employment for artists,

musicians & other performing artists
enhancing cultural heritage.

Break down barriers i.e. language,

racial, political, religious etc.
Costs of Tourism
Develop
excess
demand

Results in high leakage

Causes Creates the

inflation difficulties of
seasonality

Can result in
unbalanced
economic
development
 Costs of Tourism
Creates social Degrades the
problems. natural
physical
environment
and creates
pollution.

Degrades
the
cultural
environment.

Contributes to disease,
economic fluctuation &
transportation problems.
 Career Opportunities

 Introduction
 Job Requirements
 Career Possibilities
 Career Paths in Tourism
 Internship
 Introduction
WTTC estimates that the total
contribution of Travel & Tourism to
GDP in Malaysia was RM167.5bn,
13.7% of GDPin2016, and is forecast to
rise by 4.2% in 2017, and to rise 5.4%
pa to RM295.6bn, 15.9% of GDP in
2027.

• Travel & Tourism generated

639,500 jobs directly in 2016
(4.5% of total employment) and
this is forecast to grow by 1.9% in
2017 to 651,500 (excluding
commuter services).
 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION
TO EMPLOYMENT

• By 2027, Travel & Tourism will account for

956,000 jobs directly, an increase of 3.9% pa
over the next ten years.
 Job Requirements
Like
working
with
Physical people Leadership
stamina

Customer
Cheerful
Job oriented
Requirements

Patience Helpful

Self-
Courtesy
discipline
Career Possibilities

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5LNqgNVHr0
Career Paths in Tourism
 Internships
Provides students the opportunity to:-

Understand the actual

Choose their
working conditions in
career upon
various aspects ant
types of tourism and graduation
hospitality industry
Know and
Supplement understand
theoretical and the
academic knowledge standards as
through practical required by
experiences gained the industry

Understand the actual working

conditions in various aspects
ant types of tourism and
hospitality industry
 Key Concept
Accommodation Attractions
Facilities for the The facilities, events, and
lodging of programs that motivate
visitors to a tourists to visit a certain
destination destination
Built Environment
The components or activities within a tourism
destination that have been created by humans

Culture Excurtionist
The set of basic values, A traveler who spend
perceptions, wants and less than 24 hours at
behavior learned from a destination
family and other
important institution

Inbound tourism
Visits to a country by
non-residents
 Key Concept
Operating sectors Internal tourism
These are transportation,
Residents of a
lodging, food services,
country visiting
attractions, travel trade,
their own country
entertainment, events,
outdoor recreation & services
Suppliers
Business firms
that provide
Outbound tourism transportation,
Residents of a country accommodations,
visiting another country and other services
for travelers.
 Discussion Questions
True/False
1. The government sees tourism as an opportunity to make a
profit by supplying goods and services that tourist market
demands.
2. UNWTO was established in 1990 and it is the only body
represents the private sector of the industry worldwide
including accommodation, catering, cruises etc.
3. The acronym “IATA” stands for International Air Transport
Association.
4. A student who travels from Penang to Padang Besar and
returns to Penang on the same is considered as a tourist.
5. Spirit of hospitality means providing quality service by
tourism operating sectors that would create a
memorable experience.
6. Some of the careers in tourism industry could be event
planner, amusement park manager, operation operator,
entertainment venue manager and hotel sales manager.
7. A visit to a country by non-residents is known as outbound
tourism.
8. A person who sets up a new business in another country
can be considered as a tourist.
9. WTTC serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues
and a practical source of tourism know-how.
10. Internal tourism means visits by residents and non
residents of the country of reference.
11. Tourism organizations can be classified by ownership,
profit or non-profit, function and industry.
 Discussion Questions
Multiple Choice
1. These are international tourism organizations EXCEPT:
a) UNWTO
b) WTTC
c) IATA
d) PATA
2. A person traveling away from home for less than 24 hours
is known as:
a) Traveler
b) Tourist
c) Excursionist
d) Commuter
3. Each of the following explains the benefit of tourism
industry EXCEPT:
a) Provides employment opportunities
b) Breaks language barriers
c) Promotes global community
d) Reinforces leakage and inflation
4. Which of the following is not a negative effect of tourism
industry on a host society?
a) Demonstration effect of local people
b) Increase of foreign exchange
c) Loss of culture pride
d) Too rapid change in local way of life
 Discussion Questions
Write The Correct Answer
1. A visit to a country by non-residents e.g. Malaysia receives
foreign tourists.
2. This approach to the study of tourism considers the various
intermediaries and institutions e.g. travel agency that
perform tourism activities.
3. The year of establishment for Pacific Asia Travel
Association (PATA).
4. This approach to the study of tourism examines social
classes, habits and customs of both hosts and guest.
5. The equipments and facilities needed to meet the needs
of visitors.
6. The processes, activities and outcomes arising from the
relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism
suppliers, host governments, host communities and
surrounding environments that are involved in the
attracting and hosting of visitors.
7. A not-for-profit umbrella organization that represents a city
or urban area in the solicitation and servicing of all types of
travelers to that area.
8. This tourism component represents what many of the
general public perceive as “tourism”.
9. Visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or
private accommodation in the country visited.
10. This tourism organization serves as a global forum for
tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism
know-how.
 Discussion Questions
Short Answer

1. Indicate five (5) functions of World Tourism

Organization (WTO).
2. List the component of tourism and give an example
for each.
3. Determine three (3) social benefits and costs of
tourism.