HTM 101

Principles of Tourism 1

UNIT 1
The Meaning & Importance
of Tourism
Objectives
• To give the meaning to tourism as one of the
pillars of the global and the Philippine economy.
• Define and illustrate the tourism system.
• To list down and explain the characteristics o
tourism.
• Give examples of Tourism Types.
• Elucidate the importance of tourism to a
country.

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 a circle or a
movement Greek word
around a central “tornos”
point or axis
Hebrew
word “torah”
Latin word
“tornare”

studying,
TOUR learning,
searching

Etymology of the word “tourism”

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• Ism – action or process

• Ist – one who performs an action

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 What is tourism?

• The temporary short-term movement of

people to destinations outside the place
of residence and work (Tourism society of Berlin)

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 What is tourism?
• Tourism comprises the activities of
traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes.
(WTO, 1992- subsequently ratified by the UN Statistical Commission)

it is not home, it is not work; it is a change of

scenery and lifestyle, an inversion of the normal
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 What is tourism?
• the temporary movement of people to
destinations outside their normal places
of work and residence, the activities
undertaken during their stay in those
destinations and the facilities created
to care for their needs.’ (Mathieson& Wall, 1982)

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 What is tourism?
• A study of man away from his usual
habitat, of the industry which responds
to his needs and the impact that both
he and the industry have for the host
socio-cultural, economic and physical
environments (Jafari, 1981)

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 In summary . . .
• Movement of a person
• Two elements – journey (dynamic) and the
stay (static)
• Temporary, short term – non permanent
stay
• Activities and experiences
• Resources and facilities found in the
destination are required (industry)
• Impacts

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To better understand the scope and
magnitude of TOURISM, it is better to
look at it in terms of MODELS . . .

Model – a representation of reality

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 The Tourism System Model

• System is a set of • Tourism system

parts, of consists of
elements, that are several
connected to one interrelated
another by at parts working
least one together to
distinguishing achieve common
principle” purposes.

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Why use the tourism system’s model

• Captures the • Complexity and

“bigger picture” variability in all
- a more aspects of
comprehensive tourism
view • Tourism is an
- shows the “open system”
interdependency
of parts

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• Tourist • Tourist
generating region destination – the
– where the geographical un it
tourist comes which the tourist
from visits or stays

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(LEIPER, 1990, 2004)
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 Regulatory Framework

DEMAND SUPPLY
Influences Domestic Tourist
on and Travel Tourism
Destinations Impacts
Demand International and facilities
Tourists

Tourism
Intermediaries

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 (HOMBREBUENO, 2003)

POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL

DEMAND SUPPLY
(Tourism industry- I
(Tourist) accommodation,
M
F&B, attractions,
events/ P
entertainment,
LINKAGES transportation)
A
Tourist C
Generating Tourist T
Travel intermediaries (Travel S
Region agencies/tour operators)
Destination
Transportation

TECHNOLOGY LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

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 Tourism , then includes:
• Tourists (demand)
• Tourism Industry (accommodation,
attraction/activities, events and
conferences, food and beverage,
transportation, travel trade, tourism
services)
• Other players (international agencies,
public sector or government, trade
associations, multinational corporations
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ATTRACTIONS/ACTIVITIES

Museum
and
Galleries Natural
Attractions
/Shopping

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 Youth
Hostel
Campin
B&B
g

Hotels ACCOMMODATION Motels

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 Restaurants

Street Fast food

Foods outlets

FOOD AND BEVERAGE

Coffee
Carinderias
shops

Club
Facilities
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 Special
Events

Meetings EVENTS
Convention
and AND Festivals
Conferences
CONFERENCES

Trade
Shows

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 airlines

Buses/
motor TRANSPORTATION trains
coach

Taxi/
jeepneys

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TRAVEL TRADE
Travel Agencies

Tour Operators

Tour Guides

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Tourism Research
Trade Press
Educators Services

Information Advertising
Centers Agencies TOURISM
SERVICES
Retail Consultants
Operations

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 Branches of Tourism
• Residents traveling only within their country
DOMESTIC TOURISM of residence

• Involving non residents traveling in a given

INBOUND TOURISM country

• Residents traveling to another country

OUTBOUND TOURISM

• Domestic and Inbound tourism

INTERNAL TOURISM

• Domestic and Outbound tourism

NATIONAL TOURISM

• Inbound and Outbound tourism

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

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 al

Na
n
Domestic
er

ti o
In t Tourism

na
l
Inbound Outbound
Tourism Tourism

International

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 Tourist
• temporary visitor staying at least 24
hours in the country visited and the
purpose of whose journey is for:

a).leisure (creation, holiday, health,

study, religion, and sports)

b).business: mission, meeting, seminar

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 Excursionist

• Excursionist: temporary visitor staying

less than 24 hours in the country visited
(including travelers on cruises).

Also called Day Tourist or Day

Excursionist

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THE TOURIST PRODUCT
 The tourist product

• Consists of what the tourist buys; a

combination of what he does and the
services he uses during his stay

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Four Characteristics of a Tourist Product
1. Service- intangible item, purchase
of package tour involves a high
degree of trust on the part of the
buyer.
2. Psychological in its attraction, it is
more than a collection of services.
3. Tends to vary in standard and
quality over time.
4. Supply of the product is fixed.
 The tourist product
• Service thus intangible
• Psychological in attraction
• Variable
• Fixed
• Not brought to the customer

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What is a Tourist Destination?

• Geographical unit which tourist visits

and where he stays
• It may be a village, a town, a city, a
district, a region, an island, a country
or a continent
• Success of a tourist destination
depends upon interrelationship of
three basic factors:
1. Attractions
• site in which the
destination itself has
appeal
• event is one in which
tourists are drawn to
the destination solely
because of what is
taking place there
• a natural or man-
made
2. Amenities or facilities

• accommodation
food
• local transport
and
communications
• entertainment at
the site
 3. Accessibility
• Means having regular and convenience of
transport in terms of time/distance to the
destination from the originating country at
a reasonable price.
TYPES OF TOURISM
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