CAUSES OF SPECIES

EXTINCTION
for SCIENCE Grade 9
Quarter 1/Week 6

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 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit is prepared for the learners to

continuously explore new learning in the field of Biology, especially in
biodiversity. The activities and discussions embedded in this kit
will help them enhance their critical thinking skill and deepen
their awareness on the role of every individual in maintaining
high biodiversity in one’s environment.

The Self-Learning Kit has three parts:

I. What Happened establishes a connection between the

learner’s prior knowledge about biodiversity and new
concepts that affect biodiversity loss.
II. What You Need to know contains the details and
explanations of the new concepts which will help the
learner gain deeper understanding of the learning
competency.
III. What Have I Learned includes test and an activity that will
require the learners to engage in protecting the
environment and promoting conservation of
biodiversity. The learners are expected to have a
deeper understanding on everyone’s role in maintaining
high biodiversity in the environment.

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 OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
K: explain the importance of biological diversity;
S: distinguish environmental changes that may result
in the loss of the species.
A: display positive attitude in maintaining the stability
of an ecosystem.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

Relate species extinction to the failure of

populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt
changes in the environment. (S9LT-Ie-f-30)

I.WHAT HAPPENED
In grade 8, you learned about the concept of species, classification of organisms using

In grade 9, you will explain the importance of biod

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

ACTIVITY 1. PHILIPPINE WILDLIFE

The Philippines is one of the world’s most biological diverse
countries.
How much do you know about Philippine animals and their location? Try your best in a

Directions: Identify the pictures of organisms and cite the

location in the Philippines where the following animals are
associated with. Write the letter of your answers in your
notebook.
Names: Location:
a.Tamarawb. Monkey-eating eagle c.Tarsierd.Butandinge.
Bohol Pilandok f.Kalaw
h. Katala Mindoro
Mindanao
Palawan e.Sorsogon
f. Panay
g. Negros

1. 2.

britannica.com

3.
gettyimage.ocm

sunlife.com

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4. 5.

lifestyle.mb.com.ph weebly.com

6. 7.

owlcation.com/stem
owlcation.com/stem

What do these animals have in common?

You’re right! These animals are greatly affected with
8.

owlcation.com/stem

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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

ACTIVITY 1. CAUSE IT’S YOU!

Photo Quiz
Directions: Study the pictures below and identify which cause of
extinction matches each picture. Write your answers in your
notebook.
DeforestationOverharvesting Pollution

1. 2.

metrocebu.news businesslive.co.za

3. 4.

health.edu

change.org

5.

eie.emb.gov.ph

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DISCUSSION

Life depends on life. Living things create niches for other

living things. But what happens if the living conditions of these
organisms are not ideal for their survival? What do you think are
the major causes of species extinction? Diversity of life forms is an
essential characteristic of a stable ecosystem.

Termed as biodiversity, it is the variety of organisms in a given

area. How important is biodiversity? Since most material cycles
in ecosystems involve biotic components, it is necessary to have
a wide variety of organisms. They comprise and ensure the
continuous biological and physical interaction within the system.

Alongside environmental problems are threats to

biodiversity. The sad part of this is even our country has biologically
diverse ecosystems, these species are already in their endangered
state. When a species, population becomes so low that only a few
remain, the species is considered endangered will possibly
become extinct. Extinction is the disappearance of a species when
the last of its members die. In the Philippines, some terrestrial
species like the tamaraw in Mindoro, mouse deer in Palawan,
Philippine deer, Monkey-eating eagle, and aquatic species like the
dugong found in Negros, Batangas, and Leyte are in danger of
extinction. Sometimes, there is a particular species that declines
so fast that it becomes endangered and is said to be threatened.
Many changes take place in the communities. You may have
noticed that the natural vegetation in the area has been cleared.
Concrete structures and increasing populations of people and
other organisms gradually take over the area. Perhaps some
areas were destroyed by natural disasters or by human activities.
Just as vegetation changes, animal populations also change.
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These may have major effects on the

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ecosystem causing replacement of communities or development of
a new environment.
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module, pp. 59

CAUSES OF SPECIES EXTINCTION

DEFORESTATION

One of the country’s environmental problems is the rapid rate at

which trees are cut down. In the Philippines, the major causes of
deforestation are: Kaingin faming, illegal logging, conversion of
agricultural lands to housing projects, forest fires and typhoons.
Because of cutting down trees, the following effects could take
place: soil erosion, floods, wildlife depletion. What happens to
animal populations that are driven away from their natural habitat?

If they cannot find enough

space, many will die or become
extinct. Some species may
become endangered, or in the
verge of becoming extinct. In
other cases, some animals may
be threatened referring to
species that are close to being
endangered.
Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module, pp.

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 WATER POLLUTION
A major problem in lakes, rivers and ponds is
eutrophication.

What is eutrophication?
It happens when the concentration of o

Stages of Eutrophication in a Lake

Algae die and settle Oxygen in water

to bottom. They begin is no longer
Sewage carries chemicals into young lake. These chemicals speed up growth of algae.
to decompose. available for
Bacteria that cause animal life.
decomposition use up Animals die.
oxygen in water Lake begins to
get old.

Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module, pp.

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Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module, pp.

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 An effect of water pollution is mass death of fish or “fish kill.” Aquatic an

abc.net.eu

What about biological magnification? What will happen to the aq

Another effect of water pollution is biological magnification. It is the buildup of pollu

One class of dangerous chemicals present in water is PCB (polychlorinated bipheny
Look at the diagram.

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AIR POLLUTION

Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket over the Earth, holding in the
heat that would otherwise radiate back into space. The trapping
of heat by gases in the earth’s atmosphere is called greenhouse
effect.

How will it lead to global warming?

As carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
increases, greenhouse effect also intensifies
which lead to global warming, which is the
increase in the Earth’s temperature from
the rapid buildup of carbon dioxide and
other gases. This could change the
climate patterns.

Another effect of air pollution is acid

precipitation also known as acid rain.
Rainwater is normally acidic but other
pollutants, mostly sulfur and nitrogen oxides,
make rainwater even more acidic with a pH
of 5.6 or lower. Acid rain can be harmful to
living things. It causes yellowing of leaves
of trees and cause leaves to fall. Acid
water flowing through the soil can
exchange acidic hydrogen ions for essential
plant nutrient ions such as calcium,
magnesium and potassium. If the nutrients
migrate beneath the rooting zone, they
become unavailable to tree roots.

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Reference: Science 9 Learner’s Module, pp. 65

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 What are the major contributors of air pollution?

Cars, factories, powerplants.

Pollutants can enter the air as gases, liquids, or solids. Cars

burn fuel and produce harmful gases–carbon dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Factories and power
plants that burn coal are also major contributors to air
pollution. Coal contains sulfur. When coal burns, sulfur
combines with oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide, with
choking odor. Power plants also burn coal to give off
particulates into the air. Particulates are tiny particles of
soot, dust, and smoke. These particulates block sunlight and
get into your lungs when you breathe.

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Are there factories in your area? Do you
see smog and smell such foul odor and
often wonder where it comes from? Well,
your place might be a victim of air pollution
from the factories nearby.

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST:
Directions: Read the statements carefully and choose the
correct answer. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. Pollutants dumped into the rivers and streams eventually find
their way to
a. the ocean b. the atmosphere
c. groundwater supplies d. back to the river
2. The average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere may
rise as a result of
a. the greenhouse effect b. water pollution
c. garbage dumping d. acid rain
3. What is the relationship between extinction and biodiversity?
a. Extinction contributes to a decrease in biodiversity.
b. Extinction contributes to the increase in biodiversity.
c. Extinction randomly changes biodiversity I one direction
of the other.
d. extinction has no impact on biodiversity.
4. About half of Earth’s biodiversity exists in its tropical rainforests.
What does this mean?
a. Tropical rainforests have more plants than animals.
b. Tropical rainforests have the greatest number
of different species of any climate region.
c. Tropical rainforests have more animals than plants.
d. Tropical rainforest have the greatest number of animals
of any climate region.
5. What will happen to a species if none of the individuals within
a particular species can survive to reproduce?
a. They will increase in number.
b. They will become extinct.
c. They will adapt to a new environment.
d. They will evolve into a new species.

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REFERENCES

Books / Publications
Alvarez, Liza, et. al.(2014). Learner's Module, Science 9, (1st ed) . Department of
Education, Studio Graphics Corp. pg. 50 – 70
Internet sources:
britannica.com
businesslive.co.za
change.org
eie.emb.gov.ph
gettyimage.com
health.edu
lifestyle.mb.com.ph
metrocebu.news
owlcation.com/stem
sunlife.com
weebly.com

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent / CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS - Division Science Coordinator –
(SCIENCE)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

CHERRY ANN A. OPOC

Writer

ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
MA. OFELIA I.
BUSCATO
ANDRE ARIEL B.
CADIVIDA THOMAS JOGIE
U. TOLEDO

BETA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. BESAS
JOAN B.
VALENCIA
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA
PETER PAUL A. PATRON
THOMAS JOGIE U.

SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY
This Self-Learning Kit discusses on
the changes in the environment that
leads to species extinction. The learners
are expected to have a deeper
understanding on everyone’s role in
maintaining high biodiversity in the
environment.
Hop in! Let us explore the activities
and challenges inside this Self-Learning Kit.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Writer: CHERRY ANN A. OPOC, Teacher III Graduated with a deg

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