BATTERY CHARGER

AIM :- To set up a battery charger circuit by using SCR.

APPARATUS REQUIRED :-
1. Step down transformer (6-0-6)
2. Diode (IN4001)
3. Zener diode (5.6 V)
4. Resistor (1K)
5. Potentiometer (5K)
6. Breadboard
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

THEORY :-
An SCR-based battery charger makes use of the switching principle of
the thyristor in order to get the specific output. The circuit includes a
transformer, rectifier, and control circuit as its major elements.
So, initially, 230 V ac supply is provided to the step-down transformer
which converts the high voltage given at the input of the primary winding
into a low voltage which is obtained at the output of the secondary winding.
So, here the voltage obtained at the other side of the transformer is 12V with
respect to neutral.
From the circuit, it is clearly shown that the transformer forms
connection with the rectifier circuit, hence the output of the transformer will
be provided to the rectifier circuit, initially, when the positive half of the ac
input signal is applied then the diode D1 in the above-given configuration
will be forward biased and will conduct however, D2 will be in reverse biased
condition thus will not conduct. Conversely, when the negative half of ac
input is applied then D1 will not conduct but D2 will be in conducting state
Here we have used a Zener diode with breakdown voltage of 5.6 V as a
voltage regulator to regulate the voltage level of the circuit. As the voltage at
anode of SCR which is nothing but the rectified voltage is comparatively
more than at gate of SCR thus, this makes the SCR forward biased, allowing
it to conduct and due to this current will start flowing through the load ie,
[1]
the 6 V battery. When current flows through the battery then the cells
present within it stores the energy. In this way, the battery gets charged.
PROCEDURE :-
1. Collected all the components from lab store.
2. Checked all the components and connecting wires by using
multimeter.
3. Constructed battery charger circuit on breadboard as per circuit
diagram.
4. Noted battery voltage before it connect as load. If it is full it will
discharge.
5. Connected battery as load, and also noted the charging voltage.
6. Put the battery to charge for five minutes.
7. After five minutes again checked the battery voltage and noted it.

RESULT :-
Constructed a battery charger circuit and verified the voltage before
charging and after charging.

Battery voltage before charging =

Charging voltage =
Battery voltage after charging =

[2]