APOLINARIO

MABINI
Philippine
Revolution

By: MAJOY G. TUPAZ

College Professor
 EXCERPTS
This primary source excerpt
refers to the events that took
place from the beginning and up
to the end of the Philippine
Revolution of 1896.
APOLINARIO MABINI - referred to as “Brain
of the Philippine Revolution.”

FIRST STAGE OF THE REVOLUTION

❖ August 1896, head of the printing press of
the Diario de Manila, LaLiga and the Cuerpo
de Compromisarios having discovered.
❖ Bonifacio and followers flee to the mountains
 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
❖ The fate of the captured was cruel and horrible.
❖ Many died as a result; many were executed
under court-martial, many others shot without
any trial at all, and others suffocated in grim
dugeons.
❖ Rizal was shot on the 30 of December 1896 as
th

the principal instigator of the movement.

 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
❖ The rebels preferred to die fighting even through
armed only with bolos.
❖ The movement had more success in Cavite
❖ The Katipunan had the provincial councils
MAGDALO in Kawit led by Baldomero Aguinaldo and
the MAGDIWANG in Noveleta under Mariano Alvarez.
❖ A number of katipuneros in San Francisco de
Malabon.
 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
❖ The citizens of Noveleta, under the
Command of Gen. Artemio Ricarte, threw
th
back the forces of Gen. Blanco on the 9 of
November 1896.
❖ Don Candido Tirona died in the encounter.
❖ Binacayan which had fallen to the
Spaniards a few days before.
 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
❖ MAGDALO took the provincial jurisdiction, the
towns of Kawit, Imus, Bacoor, Perez
Dasmarinas, Silang, Mendez, Nunez, and
Amadeo.
❖ Don Ediberto Evangelista – a Manilan, civil
engineer put his services and directed all
defense works which would give the Spanish
forces so much trouble.
 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
❖ March 12, 1897 – military leaders gathered
for the TEJEROS ASSEMBLY
❖ Andres Bonifacio agreed on the election of
the central government.
❖ Don Emilio Aguinaldo was elected
president and Don Mariano Trias as the
vice-president
 FIRST STAGE OF PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
❖ Andres Bonifacio was elected
director of Interior but affronted
when some opposed his
appointment because he was not
educationally qualified.
o He walked out from the session hall
and announced that he would not
recognized the new government.
o Majority of the katipuneros
recognized the new revolutionary
government led by Emilio
Aguinaldo.
❑ Emilio Aguinaldo established a new
government the Biak-na-bato Republic.
❑ Gov. Polavieja was replaced by Gov. Primo
de Rivera.
❑ He proposed the ending of the rebellion
through peaceful negotiations.
❑ PEDRO PATERNO – offered his services to
act as a negotiator.
❖ August 9, 1897 Paterno arrived at
BNB and presented the offers of
Gov. Gen. Primo de Rivera
❖ PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO – took 4
months for Paterno to arranged
the peace agreement.
 DECEMBER 14 AND 15, 1897
✔ Pact of BNB were made of 3 documents
with the following provisions:
1. That the revolutionalists would lay
down their arms and be given full
amnesty;
2. That Aguinaldo and his top officials
would go voluntary exile to HongKong;
3. That the Spanish government would
pay the revolutionalists 800,000 payable in
3 installments; 400,000 upon embarkation
of Aguinaldo and parties; 200,000 when
700 firearms have been surrendered by the
revolutionalists; and the balance of
200,000 upon the declaration of general
assembly.
4. Additional 900,000 indemnity for
Filipino civilians who suffered losses
from the revolution.
❖ Pres. Aguinaldo to order all the people in
arms to surrender and turn over their
weapons to the Spanish authorities.
❖ The Pact of Biak-na-Bato gave the leaders of
the Revolution an advantageous way out.
 DECEMBER 27, 1897
revolutionary leaders went on voluntary exile to
HongKong.
Both parties did not faithfully comply with the
provisions of the peaceful agreement.
The revolutionalists did not surrender all their
firearms.
1,700,000 indemnity, only 600,000 was actually
given to them.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION

▪ Domingo Franco was beaten up and shot

while Apolinario Mabini was covered by
Gov. Primo de Rivera’s amnesty
proclamation and set free by virtue for
having been confined for almost 6
months.
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE
REVOLUTION
▪ May 1, 1898 Aguinaldo
returned to the island.
▪ A proposal for the creation of
the government.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION

▪ Mabini proposed a dictatorial authority

and make him the head of a new
department.
▪ The Philippine government moved from
Bacoor, Cavite to Malolos, Bulacan.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ The first results of this assembly’s
deliberations were the ratification of the
proclamation of independence
prematurely made in Kawit & the
decision to draft the constitution for the
establishment of Philippine Republic.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ Mabini became the adviser of Aguinaldo
▪ According to Aguinaldo, it was not yet
time for the drafting of a constitution
since the independence of the
Philippines was not yet officially
recognized.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ Treaty of Paris was concluded on 10th

December and had vested in the

Congress of the US the authority to
determine the civil rights and the
political status of the Filipinos and
Congress according to General Otis.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ Our improvised militia could not
withstand the first blow struck by the
disciplined American troops.
▪ The Filipino general staff had not
studied or laid down any plans for
offensive movements in case of an
outbreak of hostilities.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ The Philippine Government was
compelled to leave Malolos for San
Isidro in the province of Nueva Ecija
▪ Calumpit bridge had fallen to the
American forces
▪ Aguinaldo sent a telegram asking Luna
to see him in Cabanatuan
DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
▪ Luna is accompanied by Colonel
Francisco Roman who died with him.
▪ Gen. Otis exploited by landing his
infantry in San Fabian, San Jose and
Umingan, San Quintin, and Tayug
cutting all of Aguinaldo lines of retreat
& giving the deathrow to the Revolution
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE
REVOLUTION
▪ Had Luna been alive, Otis mortal blow
would have been barred or at least
timely prevented and Aguinaldo
military command would not have
been exposed.
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE REVOLUTION
The Revolution failed:
o because it was badly led;
o Because its leader won his post by
reprehensible rather than meritorious acts;
o Because instead of supporting the men most
useful to the people, he made it useful out of
jealousy
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE
REVOLUTION
o he judged the worth of men not by their
ability, character and patriotism but
rather by their degree of friendship and
kinship ;
o Because he neglected the people;