GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS LAXATIVES

- drugs used to stimulate movement along the GI tract and to aid bowel
Histamine-2 Antagonist evacuation
- Block the release of hydrochloric acid in response to gastrin. - also known as cathartic drugs
DRUGS:
✓ Cimetidine A. CHEMICAL STIMULANTS
✓ Famotidine - directly stimulate the nerve plexus in the intestinal wall which causes
✓ Nizatidine an increased movement/motility and the stimulation of local reflexes.
✓ Ranitidine
DRUGS:
Antacids Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- interact with acids at the chemical level to neutralize them Cascara (Generic)
DRUGS: Castor Oil (Generic)
✓ Aluminum salts Senna (Senokot)
✓ Calcium salts
✓ Magnesium salts B. BULK STIMULANTS
✓ Sodium bicarbonate - also called mechanical stimulants are rapid-acting, aggressive laxatives that
cause the fecal matter to increase in bulk.
Proton Pump Inhibitors - increase the motility of the GI tract by increasing the fluid in the intestinal
- suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach contents, which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch receptors, and
DRUGS: activates local activity.
✓ Dexlansoprazole
✓ Esomeprazole DRUGS:
✓ Lansoprazole Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts)
✓ Omeprazole magnesium citrate (Citrate of Magnesia)
✓ Pantoprazole magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
✓ Rabeprazole lactulose (Constilac)
polycarbophil (FiberCon)
GI protectant psyllium (Metamucil), polyethylene glycol (MiraLax)
- coat any injured area in the stomach to prevent further injury from acid polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (GoLYTELY)
DRUG: sodium picosulfate with magnesium oxide (Prepopix)
✓ Sucralfate
C. LUBRICANTS
Prostaglandins - facilitate the movement of the bolus
- inhibit the secretion of gastrin and increase the secretion of the mucous
lining of the stomach, providing a buffer Lubricating laxatives:
- used to protect the stomach lining docusate (Colace)
DRUG: glycerin (Sani-Supp)
✓ misoprostol mineral oil (Agoral Liquid)

Drugs used to treat Digestive Enzyme Dysfunction

✓ Pancrelipase
✓ Saliva substitute
 OTHER LAXATIVES Antiemetic Agents

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) PENTOTHIAZINES

- Selective antagonist to opioid binding at the mu-receptors. - work by inhibiting dopamine, muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors
generally in the vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Naloxegel (Movantik)
- mu-receptor opioid agonist Drugs:
Chlorpromazine
GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS Perphenazine
- drugs stimulate parasympathetic activity or make the GI tissues more prochlorperazine
sensitive to parasympathetic activity.
Nonphenothiazine
DRUGS: - The only nonphenothiazine currently available for use as an antiemetic is
dexpanthenol (Ilopan) metoclopramide (Reglan), which acts to reduce the responsiveness of the
metoclopramide (Reglan) nerve cells in the CTZ to circulating chemicals that induce vomiting.

ANTIDIARRHEALS Drug:
- block stimulation of the GI tract for symptomatic relief from diarrhea Metocloperamide (Reglan)

DRUGS: 5-HT3 Receptor Blockers

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) - block those receptors associated with nausea and vomiting in the CTZ and
crofelemer (Fulyzag) locally.
loperamide (Imodium)
opium derivatives (Paregoric) Drugs:
dolasetron (Anzemet)
DRUG USED IN TREATING TRAVELER’S DIARRHEA: granisetron (generic)
ondansetron (Zofran)
RIFAXIMIN (XIFAXAN)
palonosetron (Aloxi)
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME DRUGS Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist
ALOSETRON (LOTRONEX) - act directly in the CNS to block receptors associated with nausea and
- Serotonin 5-HT antagonist vomiting with little to no effect on serotonin, dopamine, or corticosteroid
receptors
LUBIPROSTONE (AMITIZA)
- chloride-channel activator DRUGS:
Aprepitant
HYOSCYAMINE (ANASPAZ) Rolapitant
- anticholinergic agent
Miscellaneous Agents
DRUGS:
dronabinol (Marinol)
nabilone (Cesamet)
hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
trimethobenzamide (Tigan)