Using both printed and electronics media, research on the current relationship between China

and the Philippines. Consider the economic, political, and social factors. Discuss the impact
of Chinese culture on contemporary Philippine society and compare it with the impact of
Chinese culture on 19th century Philippines. (Use PDF file)

The recorded history of the Philippines would be incomplete as a basis for

understanding contemporary society unless it considers the Chinese mestizos' contributions to
our development as a nation. The Chinese mestizos were an important element of Philippine
society in the nineteenth century. They played a significant role in the formation of the
Filipino middle class, in the agitation for reforms, in the 1898 revolution, and in the
formation of what is now known as the Filipino nationality. Chinese mestizos' rose to
prominence between 1741 and 1898 primarily as landlords and middlemen wholesalers of
local produce and foreign imports. The bulk of today's upper class is made up of descendants
of mestizos who rose to prominence through commercial agriculture in the late Spanish
century. That the mestizo, as a marginal variable not closely associated with a village or town,
acted as a catalytic agent in the late-Spanish-century phase of social reform. This will require
the extension of the money market into parts of the Philippines. Regional governors and
mestizos were the only citizens with capital in certain areas. The emergence of the middle
class as an economic force has yet another significant impact. Any mestizo families find it
easier to provide schooling for their children after accumulating a certain amount of money.
The Philippine Revolution of 1896 was the final act of determination on the part of the true
Filipinos - Indios and Chinese mestizos alike -to claim for themselves and for future
generations the incomparable birthright of nationhood. And the accomplishment of this
historic mission was due, to a significant extent, to the patriotic awakening of the Chinese
mestizos and their complete absorption into the social, cultural, and economic fabric of the
emerging Filipino nation-state. But now, almost businesses here in the Philippines was run
by the Chinese. The trade with China was the beginning of a major influence and contribution
within the Filipino culture. One major influence that the Chinese contributed within the
culture was culinary arts. Some culinary techniques that the Filipinos were taught include
sauteed dishes, rice cakes and noodle dishes like pancit.
The possibility of a war between China and the Philippines over the South China Sea
has enraged Filipinos, who do not want to have an alliance with the Chinese because they
believe that having a relationship with them entails granting them sovereignty over the West
Philippine Sea. After a heated verbal tussle between Philippine and Chinese officials over
dozens of Chinese ships moored in the disputed South China Sea, President Rodrigo Duterte
dialed down the rhetoric. "Whatever differences we have with China it will not be an obstacle
to the overall positive trajectory of our bilateral friendly relations and our deepening
cooperation [in the] pandemic response, including vaccine cooperation, and in [the] post-
pandemic economic recovery," Duterte said in a statement read by his spokesperson. The
presence of what the Philippine military calls Chinese "maritime militia" in Manila's
maritime zone is the latest dilemma for Duterte's China policy. Blasting Beijing would be
popular in the Philippines, where many people see the issue as one of China intruding on the
country's territory. But doing so risks the Chinese largesse Duterte needs to deal with one

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 Asia's worst COVID outbreaks and pandemic-induced recessions. Increased Chinese
assertiveness in the form of offshore drilling, land reclamation, militarization operations, and
intimidation of international fishing and oil exploration ships have breached Philippine
sovereignty and heightened the Philippines' ability to protect its territorial sea and exclusive
economic zone (EEZ) privileges over the years (Chang, 2014). Duterte will need China's
help, particularly as the Philippines deals with a resurgence of coronavirus infections that has
forced a quarter of the population, including the capital, to be quarantined for two weeks.
This jeopardizes his government's efforts to reverse a 9.6% economic recession last year,
which resulted in hunger and unemployment.

References:
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/1072/CEAS.1962.n3.pdf;jsessionid=F0
848F8DB27BF1510D894B81EC4885CC?sequence=1
https://purduefilipino.com/filipino-history
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/6/10/Philippines-China-diplomatic-
relations.html
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/South-China-Sea/Duterte-faces-China-
dilemma-over-militia-in-South-China-Sea

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