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Theory / B. Tech. / CT / SEM - V / Code – CT 507 / 2019-20
Paper Name: Whitewares
Full Marks: 75 Time Allotted: 3 hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

GROUP – A
[MCQ Type Questions][Compulsory]
1. Choose the correct alternative of the following questions. Answer all questions. 10 x 1 = 10

i) Thermal expansion co-efficient of glaze should be

a) more than the body b) less than the body
c) equal
ii) Vitreous body means
a) total porosity <0.5% b) Open porosity <0.5%
c) close porosity <0.5% d) total porosity <1%
iii) The main reason for black core defect is
a) insufficient oxidation time b) insufficient neutral time
c) insufficient reduction time d) None of these
iv) One of the purpose of reduction firing
a) to increase glaze viscosity b) to decrease glaze viscosity
c) to avoid exaggerated grain growth d) to increase conversion of quartz to cristobalite
v) Mother mould is made out with
a) alpha plaster of paris b) beta plaster of paris
c) mixture of both (a) & (b)
vi) Spray Drying is essential for manufacturing of
a) Tiles body b) Sanitary ware
c) Stone ware d) Bone china body
vii) Hard porcelain differ from soft porcelain by
a) Translucency b) Brittleness
c) Percent water absorption d) Refractive index
viii) Sagar is used in whiteware industries as a
a) Kiln Furniture b) Refractory brick
c) Defloculanting d) Fluxy material
ix) Crazing in whiteware body is due to
a) Mismatch of thermal expansion co-efficient of body and glaze
b) Identical thermal expansion co-efficient of body and glaze
c) Under firing d) Over firing
x) High wetability of glaze slip should have contact angle of
a) In-between 0 and 900 b) In-between 90 and 1800
c) 00 d) 1800
CT 507 Whitewares CT SEM V PAGE 1 OF 2
 GROUP – B
[Short Answer Type Questions]
Answer any four of the following
4 x 5 = 20
2. Why beneficiation of clay is needed? What are the different beneficiation techniques? Briefly
discuss any one process. [1+1+3]
3. Deflocculated or flocculated slip - which one you prefer and why? How clay particles orientation
take place when slip is deflocculated and flocculated-explain with sketches. [3+2]
4. Why ageing is needed? How ageing of i) slip ii) filter pressed cake are done? What are the
purposes of filter pressing? What should be the properties of a good casting slip?
[1+2+1+1]
5. How earthenware and stone ware body is technically distinguished. [5]
6. What is the role of glaze opacifier used in white ware industries? How opacity of a glaze
opacifier be increased? [3+2]
7. How viscosity and surface tension of glaze slip is related with spreading and wetability of glaze
slip? [5]

GROUP – C
[Long Answer Type Questions]
Answer any three of the following
3 x 15 = 45
8. Discuss about different tests conducted for electrical insulators. What is creepage distance? What
do you mean by spring back action? Why its control is important? What are the importance of
reducing firing for electrical insulators? Why lamination crack occurs and how it could be
avoided? What are the advantages of microwave drying over conventional drying process?
[5+1+1+2+2+ 4]
9. Process parameters are set as per return:fresh::60:40 but due to operator’s mistake, the ratio is
changed to 0:100. What are the problems might occur and how you should go about to take care
of the changes occurred in the slip? Discuss reasons & remedies of black core & porosity defects
of an electrical insulator. Draw & explain rate of drying vs. moisture content. [2+3+5+5]
10. Explain preparation of working moulds for sanitary ware. Discuss different casting techniques
used to shape it. Explain different factors to draw a firing schedule. [4+6+5]
11. What is Frit? How is it prepared? Discuss the different type of raw materials used for
manufacturing of glaze slip. What is biscuit firing and glost firing? Why glost firing should be
carried out inside the sagar? How bulk density, apparent porosity and percent water absorption
of a porcelain body changes with firing temperature? [2 + 3+ 3 +2 +3 +4]
12. What is the difference between vitrified tiles and glazed tiles? What are the Raw materials used
for manufacturing of fast fired wall tiles? Show the descriptive flow chart for manufacture of fast
fired wall tiles. Why Talc and Wallostonite are preferred in tiles industry? [2+3+4+4]
13. What are the raw materials used for manufacture of bone china body? Discuss the chemistry of
firing of bone china body with mentioning the relevant phase diagram. What are the
mineralogical phases present in fired bone china body? How translucency of fired bone china
body depends on wall thickness and soaking time? [2+5+3+5]
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CT 507 Whitewares CT SEM V PAGE 2 OF 2