PRISM

Refnactéoo thrah aaom

>Leê AR the prnntfp ectëon f a prcim,

P $ Ëncdend an fare 'AB'. T0 mefracted and nreh
A may
the 8urtPare A at poc tp».

Pgarn refracded and emene) et as ray R3

Herte ê and angle of Encêdent ard angle of énertel
ard R Ra angle of nefractfon on tuoo Sortkat
n an
qvë delatrtal ANR
mAQN m ARN 90
m 1A@NT MARNL
C
60
angle LHaNR 180
n A QNR + 0 t8NR 180-(

Sorom qu)and 2
A t2

in A NA R 2okn&R t mlR

g - (hy t)

TA (9
 he facdorts on the angle of euotfon
angle of nrfdent
ch depends.
modenfal of prdom
m v e tergtn of prësm

c Angle of prtum

S
.msm E
ekampi9n itastb3

u 1 11
2
The graphs Go
the varnadon of
ard angle deveedfon angle of ërcêded
r a
gëven prja
Por a géven cdour of lEght the
arglee devraton deperds upon angle f #Herk
A ènemeauea "S deereaues ad ol an
menemusn valum
Smand then agan ncneajes
for ang gèven valuPof o get Aoo valüe ef
argle of fc£séents 'å'and bud and coensmu)
devfaéon ta= hence RRgR and dor
coeremum devfaton the nefraded
the baue
ray & parcaue to
of he prdn
 Joto A * s2n
SmtAr2 R e f: Atdm
paedn ma1entaj wnd
+he mefracteve trdeon of
0 Sortrounding
6En

/a1

Devrad'on through a prim cf sml ang

Fort etracifon a 6vtface B ola

un-0
4
etrott an at Surtfa ce

nt r (n tn2)

UA- A
RCU-TD7
Th the Portnula of devcaffon throug prmm
Lohen angles ane &nal).

OperJon o Dhetecghi
The phenomen on of splë tërg cf e lrgh

cOponet coloort on pau throvgh netiracteng

medtum caed dttprojonflpni
7 The porion
he coloc obtofn are Caied
ColoT 6pectmom
 ronn Hn6

uwlelEgn
enio r
e
frrin Yet

d
Couse of des person
wwwwwwm
ün vacrume an he ooort of 0at hou) uth dome
velor
Bct n thert cnedru EFFer enf coloory ove o h

deFPerent velort. 3 i a E
Hente hey tnavel n dfemenkdérecdëon.
knou: : ACu-1)

-0
Fortn cauchys reladon knoW
:a
ohene a b:t ane confan

fraxn e d) and e a) -
'1-94

whele
 Angtlan dperon and dtperse pouert
hen a beon of ohte iphd passe thmouh pridom
a
got dgers nko cnutumt toloort
DF d and dg and & e he anale of deutoton For vok
red and
e lot codour
codouru cade
Hie Henoo colourt caued nean

Helo Red + Avfole!

1

CLtg-1)A
Cu-) 4
Here du dg and ane the refrateve ndeoi of prtb
fort vfolet Red and yelous coloon. rs Spectt vi ly.
The angu lorr 6epoatton beth tuco eonen codoure) the

vrolet and Res &ral ed ongulast dcbperaon

0 angulon dporoson R
(Uy-1)A-UuR1) A
ACUy- HR)
A-AAlMg A
dYiperthdve pocem: hgolan depenyio
meOn deveatton
4yR)
(-1)
d sperohéve poen -U

wwww
#n ohech
Pheno m e o
Fon Het act fon h the poile
partt due to
Fthe redtum hTOUgD ch PoSeJ).
Thene ane hoo ure of
Stadieing
 EnePe Scaten ng
(a
Sra}enag
6 In claje
astecScafe hg he6codiéringporl ueh
Lohen 'A' a f neFded h
Smaulen he o avelength nre, needert Orghln
t no euchange ofenetgd
p a r t t e e l e a y Ab a 8

Scadten ing 0n oe
no chong & requeney
*Consfquenly #neme d
of &atened panldcde.
)
leng
TnElaecaeriog*
(A1-

As the
6ize of the 60temin9
pontee uch gneodey
Ohen Ynage &
f écedeve tEnt thene h
than tie noelength
fntencharg enega
Partd&ler
The scaterlg b heafequene and m oe Vengtn +Magn
jugao The ma

Reyl&ahls lava fSatiening

. .
the rod
of scadHerting the nhe obdec
+AccortdE do Relegnls o
sent of dtér
&nHens f0gnd mue lengn
do dhe.
&atened gh4& &erieperpertiYona) Herre
fourttn pounest of the tA.
Provde8 thod tre te of &öttering parsfele nu)
tre
&naher than
m
80
A [ae
+8nple
w.w
Mëroscope
YYY Y w
A srple ndcrrovecope glass éo0u an fne
&con ven ence of dot foral length held ctiaeho o gan
9 place bet the Fococs art oplftat Cenfer e
6OVen trmecd al mgniAd.
ene vrtustat the
A ome oth Sme s cf tne, Jense o
dhln
 D
adJusf ed that the
As the poyeiton of ense lense
tnage fromed d dstance b' Frtom the
0Es dXtan of drstenekvsSon
= On avart ag
Magne fEng Pooer Cvvimp)
del»
T h e magnë'tërg pouoer of a mple kroscept i
and th
the radon of ongle 6ublendt by the ènage
obu ect ad the eje nen both ate af leosf dditano |
of doterH von.
n usegma
Berre mCmagnifjing9 pocert)
m: Brgle male by mage
aAng e made by obec
Ps A Ae' the he
tne angle Gree Sma
Of tre 0bich

m:ot o

,
 tOhen the fëral #mage
&
-
crTeo
a nfandle

A ength F

The taE

Hanf Fo

4and M

tanph 69mpn
m:
AY-O3t
ke ofgple meroscop
Wadch makerts and vecoetlert
6e tn & rence
S
ue magn9
aboratory for neodeng vescners
&ale The obdec
gpound mécncicepe 9T 0

Frcn
(ompound mfcaostope an optfcal .deveee we he Akonr
see magnfëes fmagp of then obiects
The
Construcdton
nèenmede-
consd ofdwo onven enge of shortk fral eye péer
engtn orirang ee to anal'y af the nd ofde0o Erned
melal tub. o u

Obdertve Sense! dElanue

convexense o Tre
To ard Small apparadune,
very uhorrd Pocal length
defird o
PoueHtOned dhe, ohdee! he ftre
nearn do be magnt
eye
 m n fenomog-
J

The post&n
fa enode its focal lergtn Herte a vcrctorot and

eruect and magnPa Tmoge 8 Creak& a

leaut dstance of dstënk vejfon When orall

+MagnngAxoerp Alc. on
74 the ra on of enle Subed a eye e T the pajton
tmage ihent at cd and bhe obiect ohen a PrtencepalPo
tofante fenal tmag
magnEfegna pocoer m a n
tano rognffyin
Han A' ano A The ange
e' &fanee,
tond O 0 magnëEgin=
tanp
Agadn Fort ee pere u:-ue. V-0

Refldëng
Ue

M
 Hn hE's
m an at prtnrepr
tan A' 20 Hense the
A
tan of Noto mo
AB
A'e Total mnag
-Ue A AB Ue
m
m DMX Me
of obdecde P leles cope
mag netcadon
mo *****
memagne fëcodëon of eyeprec A Pele scop
ee dëtoe
Agarn mP'a Yo TH rovde
gaEn e e I t RefractEn
Noo Astronomca
Total
magniflcak'on m
=( THS a
Agatn the dttanue bet tu0o lense (L Vo obdecs
.. L Vo Cons tru ctic=
and Uo: Co aon ally
Noe m obuecteve
ts31
much Dar
hen hefnal image
www
fortmed at nfarle
etge-Reace
q+ i a
Small 0PPo

Wortking
wm

The para.

Hence a
 Hn hê condetfon the trderrnedtete tmoge h
oH prentrpal fotos of eye prece.
Hensethe tnal fmage fortmed at enfaunfF.
Noco mo meSe
Total magndfëcadton mam%me
m

Teles cope
wwww

A Pele scop an qplfta devie htth engble to

ee dEtonee obde clean
TH provde an apular magnftkatfon of debtce oba!.

Refractena pe elestope Lang tpe

mwn

Astronomealtelescepe
7 TH6 a nefratng type telejcopl Ued to 6ee heven

oboecks
Constru ctio.
* t cons oF too convertd ing enseJ mounted

co atally ad the oudert end of tc0 sldng tube

couectve lens
Dt O conve m Jense o Qarrger foca length ont
much argen apanature,

e-fence lenge
94 a conue ense o Small Focal
ength and
Small appara tune

hor kng*
www

fnca êmage aflea d&danoofdBetintivivon

The purauel beam of lh frcm nfonte fal onobe
atan agle d

H ence a real n ver Hed ard dimnihed mgs p

 lense of comparadtvely larcger furnl
nacomeo
lergth e
ohere fe fo fërat r
Dpoictfored ebn ege for v'en te
me ëra8e foraned a4 4 dfotante of debttn ve
A

Fo

oaT uo

The obiect A plaed a elantby- lorgen destane

Prom o n frronk of the. cbJectëve
The torm a neol doverndern ondTAnoted oge

The ditanie bet? the derse ane so adashed that te

fotennedé ate tmoge fa tnsede #he focal kength of
eye preces ard ee pëece fonn
e
a uenteal
Trued ard rognifeS troge of #e ad Ek
dtane of dsters vbfon.

r e mageing poccerr oa onpaud cToscepe

deferd od the rat on of argle hoterd al Ey
tne ftral vertualtmage the argele sub ted th
ye he obJect when both ane ot LAV Fre
tre
eye
fnal tmage e pmodured od #ofanr
ue

Uhen paralel beam 0f 0gnt nedent an obectve

Faren a nea Eovertted and demenhed roge-
Alel. on foce. Ccbvectve )
poëtëon of ee peace & so addwted stho the
T
The

Prencepal Pocos ofHoo lense co-nséde. hense the

fenal tmage b Arrmed ad &nfanfte.
ragnYfyiny pouoert ard ober
by the emage
chen both ane aB
The angle &ubied 1 à eye
&fanehe
n
nagntreyin9 pocoet m tard
tanß A'g , tand A
fo
fe
tan pd/-Se te
tand Alb/fo
 Frroblem
P rah lcokrng up thnoug the den dhe h the o s
wortld contarn #na
titulon honéger . nf the remac
frden o the cd et s 2 and h 13 om belo
the 6ortPare of wder Frd the rodeb) of ctntulan
horegen se()

casG-e=
RLL R"+h

Ru Rth aA (ans)
h R(U-)
h
CL-1)
The slab of madertol of nefratve hde )hoon in
Peume have cnve surtfate p6 oradevces of
1ot ard o plane sunfate co on the
Curtuceduna
Jeft of
AP
afru ard on the neght of wadert uth
refraEve érde . An obdeed o 8 ploced ad dkon
6Cm the edemend
fron dhe pole Cohech of Following
ts cortech

OdiHane o fnal tnage of

tnom p an vêtu Aan
tte left 8
Ccartued 6ortfue foran vertonal tinoge ataoik
A Cm Frem'p'
 Therre tofn be ro mefrtocd on o ane Gorfarp't91
9)a Stadement ame tortrreces
to

R+15

m
Usbou

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