- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2
1(a)(i) (KE =) ½ × m × v (1) 3
2
½ × 0.020 × 350 (1)
1200 J (1)

1(a)(ii) (∆h =) KE ÷ mg 2
OR 1200 ÷ (0.020 × 10)
OR 1225 ÷ (0.020 × 10) (1)
6000/6100 m (1)

1(b)(i) (force of) air resistance acts 2

downwards (1)
adds to gravitational
force/resultant force
increases/deceleration
increases/deceleration > g (1)

1(b)(ii) (kinetic energy) to gravitational 2

potential energy (1)
(kinetic energy) to
thermal/internal energy (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

2(a) any two from: 2

use a ruler with mm (scale)
ruler close(r) to book/no space
between book and ruler
have zero on ruler at one end of
book
take reading with eye in line with
end of book owtte

2(b) use large number of pages i.e. 3

more than 50
measure (total) thickness (with
ruler)
divide (total) thickness by
number of pages

2(c) convert g to kg or 400 ÷ 1000 4

Weight = mass ⋅ gravitational
field strength in any form
(weight = ) 4.0
(unit) N or newtons

3(a) 1. down arrow labelled W at 2

dashed line on 50 cm mark (1)
2. up arrow labelled R at pivot
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3(b) expression / evaluation for one 4

correct moment seen (1)
expressions / evaluation for all
correct moments seen (1)
equation seen relating correct
expressions / evaluations for
moments:
moment of 0.5 N + moment F =
moment of W OR
90 F = 43 OR
0.9F = 0.43 (1)
(F = 43 / 90 OR 0.43 / 0.9 =)
0.48 N (1)

3(c) upwards force = downwards 2

force (1)
(R =) 1.2 N (1)

4(a)(i) (4800 / 120 =) 40 m / s 1

4(a)(ii) (v =) gradient of any part of 2

straight line (1)
value between 50 and 60 m / s
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

4(a)(iii) at t = 20 s, acceleration > zero / 2

acceleration is taking place /
greater acceleration than at
100 s (1)
at t = 100 s, acceleration = zero
/ 0 (1)

5
4(b)(i) (F =) ma OR 5.6 × 10 × 0.75 2
(1)
5
4.2 × 10 N (1)

4(b)(ii) speed / velocity decreases (with 1

time) OR slowing down
OR negative acceleration
OR rate of decrease of speed /
velocity

5(a) w = m x g in any recognised 3

form
2250 / 10
225 (kg)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(b)(i) moment = force x distance from 4

pivot in any recognised form
400 x 0.4 OR
400 x 40
160 OR
16 000
Nm OR
Ncm

5(b)(ii) apply force further from the pivot 1

owtte
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(a) if hydroelectric described: 4

hydroelectric named OR
water from behind dam
K.E. of (falling) water used / P.E.
of stored water
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(Turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
OR if tidal flow described:
tides / tidal flow named
K.E. of water used
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
OR if waves described:
waves on surface of sea
K.E. of water used to oscillate a
floating mechanism
turbine / waterwheel / paddle
wheel operated
(turbine) turns / drives a
generator (that produces
electricity)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(b) if hydroelectric described: 2

rain (fills lakes in high places)
cause of rain is the Sun, so
renewable
OR if tidal flow described:
moon (and Sun) causes tides
moon (and Sun) permanently in
place, so renewable
OR if waves described:
wind causes waves
Sun causes wind, so
renewable
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(c) if hydroelectric described: 2

Sun evaporates water from sea
etc. to fall (later) as rain
Sun is the source of energy
OR if tidal flow described:
attraction due to Moon’s (and
Sun’s) gravity causes tides
Sun is a source of (part of) the
energy OR
Sun is not the primary source of
energy
OR if waves described:
wind are air currents caused by
thermal energy / heat from the
Sun
Sun is the source of energy

7(a) (measure of) quantity / amount 1

of matter OR
(property) that resists change in
motion / speed / momentum OR
measure of a body’s inertia
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

7(b)(i) d = m / V OR 2
in words OR
3
0.44 / 0.080 OR
-4
0.44 / 5.12 × 10 OR
3
440 / 8 OR
440 / 512 OR
3
0.44 /8 OR
0.44 / 512
3
0.86 g / cm OR
3
860 kg / m OR
-4 3
8.6 × 10 kg / cm

7(b)(ii) sinks OR 1
does not float AND (cube)
denser (than oil)

7(c)(i) W = mg OR 2
(g =) W / m OR
0.70 / 0.44
1.6 N / kg

7(c)(ii) (P =) hdg OR 2
0.030 × 850 × 1.6
41 Pa

8(a) rule(r) 2
(stop) watch/clock
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(b)(i) x-axis labelled time/t with 2

minutes
y-axis clearly labelled
depth/distance/height with
mm/cm/m

8(b)(ii) line drawn from the origin 2

single straight diagonal line

8(c) 1000 mm = 1 m OR 2
2.5 ÷ 1000
0.0025 (m) OR
-3
2.5 ⋅ 10

9(a) W = m × g OR 2
15 × 10
150 (N)

9(b)(i) turning effect (of a force) 1

9(b)(ii) moment = force ⋅ distance 4

425 × 2.5
1062.5 OR
1063
Nm

9(b)(iii) (move rope/tyre) closer to trunk 1

owtte
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(a)(i) (p =) 3.2 x 4.0 2

13 kg m / s

10(a)(ii) momentum conserved 3

12.8 − (3.2 x 1.5) OR
12.8 − 4.8 OR
8.0 OR
8.0 ÷ 1.6
5.0 m / s

10(b) 2
(F =) OR
8.0 ÷ 0.050
160 N

10(c) internal energy (of blocks) 1

increase OR
thermal energy/sound energy
(lost/produced at collision)

11(a) (p =) mv (in any form) OR 2

0.16 × 15 (1)
2.4 kg m / s (1)

11(b)(i) 3.0 N s AND at 45° to the 1

original direction
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(b)(ii) vector triangle / parallelogram 4

drawn (1)
scale indicated OR
correct triangle / parallelogram
(1)
4.8 kg m / s ≤ magnitude ≤
5.2 kg m / s (1)
22° (to original direction) ≤
direction ≤ 28° (to original
direction) (1)

12(a) E = Pt in any form (1) 2

(E =) 6000 J (1)

12(b) E = mc ΔT in any form (1) 3

c= (1)

(c =) 0.84 J /(g °C) OR

840 J /(kg °C) (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(c) EITHER 2
some of energy supplied by the
heater heats the heater / goes
to lagging / goes to surroundings
(1)
specific heat capacity is lower
than value in (b) (1)
OR
some energy may be absorbed
from surroundings if they are at
a higher temperature (1)
specific heat capacity is higher
than value in (b) (1)

13(a)(i) mercury 1

13(a)(ii) arrow between 0°C and start of 1

capillary tube

13(a)(iii) 0 (°C) AND 100 (°C) 1

13(b) emitter 4
conductor
convection
radiation
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(a) atoms collide with wall (and 3

rebound) OR
atoms rebound from wall
(atoms) undergo change of
momentum
force on wall = (total) rate of
change of momentum (of atoms)
OR
= change of momentum (of
atoms) per second OR
= change of momentum (of
atoms) / time

14(b)(i) fewer atoms per unit volume OR 2

density of gas less
rate of collision (with walls of
balloon) decreases OR
fewer collisions per unit area

14(b)(ii) P V = constant OR 2
P 1 V 2 = P 2 V 2 OR
(P 2 =) P1V1 / V2 OR
5
1.0 × 10 × 9.6 / 12
4
8.0 × 10 Pa
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(a)(i) any one pair: 2

pair 1:
- evaporation: at surface OR
no bubbles from
- boiling: throughout liquid OR
bubbles from
pair 2:
- evaporation: at any
temperature OR
no heat needed
- boiling: at specific temperature
OR
heat needed
pair 3:
- evaporation: affected by
draught / surface area
- boiling: not affected by draught
/ surface area

15(a)(ii) (it / rate) increases AND {more 1

molecules have enough energy
to escape OR
break bonds}

15(b)(i) remains constant 1

 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(b)(ii) E = m l in any form OR 3

(E =) m l
P = energy / t in any form OR
(P =) energy / t
6
(P = 0.095 × 2.3 × 10 / (12 × 60)
=) 300 W

16(a) mass of block m B1

initial temperature θ1 and final B1

temperature θ2

time of heating t B1

voltage / p.d. V AND current I B1

16(b) (c = ) VIt ÷[m (θ2 – θ1 )] B1

OR Pt ÷ [m (θ2–θ1)]
OR E ÷ [m (θ2–θ1)] as appropriate
to symbols defined in (a)
numerator correct
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

denominator correct B1

16(c) (more) thermal energy / heat lost B1

(to surroundings) so temperature
rise is less
OR more thermal energy / heat
input required for same
temperature rise

17(a) dull black / can A (1) 2

(dull black) better radiator / good
radiator better emitter / gives out
more radiant heat / emits more
infra-red / loses more energy by
radiation (1)

17(b) any two of following pairs: 4 maximum four marks

for two correct pairs
lag / wrap in (named) insulator /
cotton wool / polystyrene (1)
reduces heat lost by conduction
(1)
cover in foil (1)
reduces heat lost by radiation
(1)
add lid (1)
reduces heat loss by convection
/ evaporation (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

18(a) p1V1 = p2V2 in any form OR 3

5 5
0.9 × 10 × 3400 = 2.5 × 10 ×
V2 (1)
(V2 =) p1V1 ÷ p2 OR
(V2 =) 0.9 × 3400 ÷ 2.5 (1)
3
1200 cm (1)

18(b) pressure increases (1) 3

molecules move / collide faster
OR
have greater momentum (1)
molecules collide more
frequently (with piston) OR
with greater change in
momentum (1)

19(a) 0 AND 100 correctly labelled 2

(1)
36 (1)

19(b)(i) melting (1) 2

any one from:
molecules gain energy
molecule (begin to) break
(some) bonds
arrangement becomes irregular
or arrangement changes
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19(b)(ii) boiling (1) 2

any one from:
molecules break (all) bonds
molecules move (more) freely

molecules become widely

separated or far apart

20(a) (E =) mc∆θ OR 4
65 × 720 × 7 (1)
5
3.3 × 10 (J) (1)
P = E / t in any form OR
(t=) E / P OR
6 3
3.3 × 10 / 1.5 × 10 (1)
220 s (1)

20(b) any two from: 2

the heater warms walls / floor /
ceiling / windows / furniture /
objects
thermal energy conducted
through walls / floor / ceiling /
windows (to exterior)
thermal energy used to raise
temperature of air entering room
via draughts / openings
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

21(a)(i) 80 − 56 OR 24(°C) 1

21(a)(ii) 20 − 18 OR 2(°C) 1

21(b) water hotter (at start) (1) 2

(so) greater temperature
difference (between can and
surroundings) (1)

21(c) (dull) black (1) 2

greater (rate of) loss of thermal
energy (from dark colours) OR
(black) so it is a better
radiator/emitter (of thermal
energy) (1)

22(a) insulator 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

22(b) any five from: 5

conduction / slow or limited
transfer to thermal energy
molecules move slower / lose
kinetic energy
convection stated
as (drink cools) volume
decreases
density (of cooler drink)
increases
cooler water falls
evaporation (of hot water)
more energetic molecules
escape / less energetic
molecules remain

23(a) tyre B 3
larger / bigger surface area
less pressure (on ground) /
weight distributed

23(b) molecules gain kinetic energy / 3

move faster
more (frequent) / harder
collisions (with tyre)
increased / greater pressure (on
tyre)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

24(a) more regular/uniform 3

arrangement/fixed position
owtte
seperation between atoms
decreases/move closer/tightly
packed
slower moving atoms/atoms
vibrate (more slowly)

24(b) (water) molecules gain energy 3

(from surroundings)
molecules escape from a liquid
(surface)
evaporation

25(a) pressure increases 4

molecules (of gas) move
faster/their kinetic energy
increases/their momentum
increases
(molecules) collide with
walls/piston more often/more
frequently OR
greater (rate of) change of
momentum
(molecules) exert greater/more
force (on wall)/hit (walls) harder
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

25(b) pressure (of gas) falls and 2

volume (of gas) increases
initially there is a larger pressure
inside than outside/atmospheric
pressure OR
(piston stops when) pressure (of
gas) = external / outside /
atmospheric pressure

26(a) OP/it is along the normal/at 90° 1

(to the curved surface)

26(b)(i) sin i / sin r = n 3

sin r / sin 30(°) = 1.5 OR
sin r = 1.5 x sin 30(°)
49°

26(b)(ii) ray bends away from the normal 1

c.a.o.

26(c) angle (from normal) of refraction 3

increases
refracted ray travels along
boundary OR
reflected ray becomes
brighter OR
refracted ray becomes
dimmer
light reflects back into glass
(with i = r)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

27(a)(i) top ray passes through f2 3

bottom ray passes through f2
refraction correctly shown either
at centre of lens OR
at both edges of lens

27(a)(ii) C to f2 1

27(b)(i) critical angle 1

27(b)(ii) ray internally reflected 2

reflecting angle = incident
angle

28(a) light travels faster than sound or 1

converse argument

28(b)(i) echo 1

28(b)(ii) amplitude - smaller 2

speed - the same

28(c) speed = distance ÷ time 3

170 + 170 OR 340 ÷ 1
340 (m / s)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

29(a)(i) ray from X through centre of 1

lens

29(a)(ii) image drawn from axis to point 1

where rays cross and labelled I

29(a)(iii) point labelled F where ray 1

crosses principal axis

29(a)(iv) correct measurement in cm 1

0.2 cm

29(b) diminished (2nd box ticked) 2

(1)
inverted (4th box ticked) (1)

30(a)(i) tape measure 1

30(a)(ii) reflection (of sound) 1

30(b) time for sound to travel to wall 4

and back = 1.0 s (1)
340 m in 1.0 s (1)
(speed=) 340 (1)
m / s (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31(a) paraxial ray refracts through F2 2

(1)
other ray continues undeviated
(1)

31(b) candidate’s rays from (a) traced 2

back to intersection (1)
image marked from intersection
of candidate’s rays to axis (1)

31(c) in range 2.7 cm to 3.3 cm AND 1

rays converge to the left of the
object

31(d) virtual AND light does not pass 1

through image/cannot be
projected on to a screen OR
object distance < f OR on left of
object

32(a) n = sin i / sin r OR sin r = sin i / 2

n OR sin r = sin 35 / 1.50 (1)
r = 22° (1)

32(b) refraction at XY drawn with r < i 2

(1)
refraction at XZ drawn with r > i
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

32(c) blue ray drawn below red ray in 2

prism and drawn with r < i (1)
ray to right of prism diverging
downwards from red ray (1)

33(a) wavelength correctly indicated 1

33(b) 12 (cm) 1

33(c) 40 / 60 2
0.67 (Hz)

33(d) direction of travel perpendicular 1

to direction of vibration owtte

33(e) any component of the 1

electromagnetic spectrum

34(a) light travels faster than sound 1

OR
reverse argument

34(b)(i) reflection (from building) / 1

bouncing back (from building)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

34(b)(ii) time taken for first sound = 3

0.5 s
time taken for echo = 2.5 s OR
time for sound to travel from
hammer and return = 2.0 s
2.0 s

34(c) quieter / less amplitude / less 1

energy

35 drops are accelerating OR 1

moving with increasing speed

36 gas AND oil both circled 1

37 any one from: 1

a dilute source of energy
dependent on weather /
intermittent supply

38 energy transferred from battery 1

= energy dissipated in lamp

39 chemical (energy) 1

[Total: 241]