1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Rationale

Persian wax or sugar waxing is a type of hair removal that involves using

a thick gel on the skin. Sugar was can either be in the form of a gel or a wax

resin. The think, sugary adhesive resembles caramel, and is spread on body hair

quickly removed to eliminate hair. Persian wax is an ancient middle- eastern

practice uses an all natural paste or gel made from ingredients like sugar, water,

lemon juice, and sometimes honey, salt and essentials oils. It’s made to remove

the hair follicle from the root with results that can last up to six weeks. Although

this waxing is always been use since 1900 BC (before Christ). Like regular

waxing, sugar waxing requires at least a quarter inch (6.35 millimetres) of hair

growth prior to being used. The product is applied with a stick in the direction of

the hair growth. After the hair is fully immersed within the gel or wax, a paper

strip or clean cloth is applied directly over the product. The covering is the quickly

pulled off in the opposite direction of the hair growth, removing the body hair

directly from its follicles. There are many benefits to removing unwanted hair with

sugar wax rather than traditional waxing. The method allows hair to be gently

lifted rather than painfully removed. Some claim that the process is an entirely

pain-free removal of hair. Gel sugar wax is also made of all natural ingredients,
 2

such as sugar, lemon juice, and water. Using all natural ingredients can help

prevent skin irritation. Clean up is also considered to be simpler with sugar

waxing. Gel sugar wax is water soluble, and can be cleaned off the skin using

water alone. Wax resin is stronger and leaves a sticky residue if not removed

with both water and soap. Some drawbacks to regular waxing are still present

with sugar waxing. Hair breakage, ingrown hairs, and skin irritation can all still

occur. Sugar pasting, is considered a safer, more effective method of hair

removal. Though very similar to sugar waxing; it is known as sugaring. Used in

salons and spas, sugar pasting is different from sugar waxing. This method

includes using a thicker paste applied directly with the hands rather than a stick.

The sugar paste is melded into a ball and rolled in the direction of hair growth.

Salon professionals can also remove shorter hair with sugar paste; body hair as

short as a sixteenth of an inch. (1.59 millimetres) can be removed with this

product. Homemade sugar paste can be easily created using household

ingredients. Granulated sugar, water, and lemon juice combined and cooked

over high heat will yield a similar product to the one used in professional salons.

The mixture should be simmered and constantly stirred until the sugar is melted

and golden brown. The product should be cooled completely prior to using.

Sugar waxing has been around for ages, you don’t even need to use waxing

strips or sticks to wax but they can be helpful at times. Sugar wax is also
 3

extremely easy to clean up and the wax itself dissolves with water, and dissolves

even quicker with warm water.

 4

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers had constructed the following figures in order to

understand how the researchers made and conclude the current study.
 5

HOMEMADE PERSIAN WAX WITH

EUCALYPTUS EXTRACT

PLANNING

CREATING FINAL PREPARATION FOR

PRODUCT EXPERIMENT MATERIALS

DATA

GATHERING

CONCLUSION

RESULTS
 6

Statement of the Problem

In this stage, the researchers are about to know and discover new things

about this study. This topic aims to determine and answer the following questions

about the effectiveness of polishing wood materials using Homemade Persian

Wax with Eucalyptus Extract.

1. What is the advantage and disadvantage of using Homemade Persian

Wax with Eucalyptus Extract in polishing wood materials?

2. What is the duration of effectivity of the Homemade Persian Wax with

Eucalyptus Extract?

3. What is the relationship between Homemade Persian Wax with

Eucalyptus Extract and Varnish in polishing wood materials?

4. What are the significance differences between Homemade Persian Wax

with Eucalyptus Extractand Varnish in polishing wood materials?

 7

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to know and determine the effectiveness of

polishing wood materials using Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract,

and how Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract can be suitable in

some specific materials, not just for removing hair. The importance of this study

is to know if the Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract is effective to

polished wood materials without destroying or having side effects to it; for it is

natural homemade product. In this study, the researchers would find some

evidences to prove and conclude that Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus

Extract can be applicable in some types of materials.

 8

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study would focus only on the effectiveness of Homemade Persian

Wax with Eucalyptus Extract in polishing wood materials. The researchers would

make their product inside Iligan Medical Center College- Basic Education

Department (IMCC-BED), Science laboratory.

 9

Definition of Terms

Adhesive – a substance used for sticking objects or materials together.

Antimicrobial – is a general term that refers to a group of drugs that includes

antibiotics, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals.

Aqueous – an aqueous solution is any solution in which water (H2O) is

the solvent. In a chemical equation, the symbol (aq) follows a species name to

indicate it is in aqueous solution.

Biopesticide – are natural pesticides that are sourced from natural materials,

such as minerals, bacteria, plants, or animals.

Breakage – a quantity had broken the action or an instance of breaking.

Cineole – a colorless oily, slightly water soluble liquidterpene ether, C 10 H 18 O,

having a camphor like odor and a pungent, spicy, cooling taste, found in

eucalyptus, cajeput, and other essential oils; used in flavouring, perfumery, and

medicine chiefly as an expextorant.

Dissolves – (with reference to a solid) become or cause to become incorporated

into a liquid so as to form a solution.

Drawbacks – a refund of duties especially on an imported product subsequently

exported or used to produce a product for export.

 10

Essentials – something necessary, indispensable, or unavoidable.

Follicle–the sheath of cells and connective tissue that surrounds the root of a

hair.

Gait– a manner of walking. Observation of gait can provide early diagnostic clues

for a number of disorders, including cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, and Rett

syndrome.

Hypocitraturia– is a common metabolic abnormality found in 20% to 60% of

stone formers. It is most commonly idiopathic in origin but may be caused by

distal renaltubular acidosis, hypokalemia, bowel dysfunction, and a high-protein,

low-alkali diet.

Immersed – dip or submerge in a liquid.

Ingrown – having the direction of growth or activity interest inward rather than

outward.

Miticide– is a chemical pesticide that specifically targets plant mites. Mites are

tiny insects that are closely related to spiders and ticks. There are several types

of mites, and once established in a plant host they can damage the health of the

plant. Additionally, mites can transmit viruses and diseases to your plants. Mites

can be treated with both broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum miticides.

 11

Nephrolithiasis – is a disease affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are

small deposits that build up in the kidneys, made of calcium, phosphate and

other components of foods. They are a common cause of blood in urine.

Pathogens – are infectious agents, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus or

parasite, that cause disease when they colonize a host organism.

Phytochemical – are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or

disease preventive properties. They are non-essential nutrients, meaning that

they are not required by the human body for sustaining life. It is well-known that

plant produces these chemicals to protect themselves but recent research

demonstrate that they can also protect humans against diseases. There are

more than thousand known phytochemicals. Some of the well-known

phytochemicals are lycopene in tomatoes, isoflavones in soy and flavanoids in

fruits

Plyophenols – a kind of chemical that (at least in theory) may protect against

some common health problems and possibly certain effects of aging.

Pungent – as a strong, sharp smell or taste which is often so strong that it

is unpleasant

Prior – existing or coming before in time, order, or importance.

 12

Resembles – have qualities or features, especially those of appearance, in

common with someone or something.

Systemic – relating to a system, especially as opposed to a particular part.

Tannins – also called tannic acid, any of a group of pale-yellow to light-

brown amorphous substances in the form of powder, flakes, or a spongy mass,

widely distributed in plants and used chiefly in tanningleather, dyeing fabric,

making ink, and in various medical applications. Tannin solutions are acid and

have an astringent taste. Tannin is responsible for the astringency, colour, and

some of the flavour in tea. Tannins occur normally in the roots, wood, bark,

leaves, and fruit of many plants, particularly in the bark of oak species and in

sumac and myrobalan. They also occur in galls, pathological growths resulting

from insect attacks

Terpenes – any of a class of hydrocarbons occurring widely in plants and

animals and empirically regarded as built up from isoprene, a hydrocarbon

consisting of five carbon atoms attached to eight hydrogen atoms (C 5H8). The

term is often extended to the terpenoids, which are oxygenated derivatives of

these hydrocarbons.
 13

Transdermally – relating to or denoting the application of a medicine or drug

through the skin, typically by using an adhesive patch, so that it is absorbed

slowly into the body.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

The effects of polishing wood materials using Homemade Persian Wax

with Eucalyptus Extract is not known by any individuals. But it is known as a hair

removal that thought by an ancient middle-eastern practices that is not that

popular in many countries. This chapter shows the related literature and studies

done by the researcher after the all-out information that have gathered. The

relevant of the study about the effects of polishing wood materials using

Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract will be discussed. Likewise,

this part of the study will prove the reason for the research and give some credits

to authors that have been involved. Polishing is the process of creating a smooth

and shiny surface by rubbing it using a chemical action, leaving a surface with a

significant spectacular reflection. In some materials, polishing is also able to

reduce diffuse reflection to minimal values.

The body sugaring method of hair removal is originally considered to be

an ancient Egyptian art, even purportedly used by Cleopatra herself. The

Persian women were the first to approve a hairless body to be the epitome of

beauty and youth. This is why they ultimately made use of a sugaring paste or

wax called ‘moum’ made of sugar, water, and lemon for removing hair. The

paste was applied in the direction of hair growth, covered with a piece of
 15

muslin cloth and pulled off when cooled. This was considered to be the most

effective and natural way of removing body hair. This ancient Egyptian art of

hair removal has only recently been revived in the modern age, as smooth,

hairless skin is the desire of a majority of women today.

Recent rumors circulating around the internet suggest that women have

only been removing hair from their legs for the last hundred years or

so, however, that may only be true for American and European women. The

fact that the removal of body hair for Europeans wasn’t terribly popular gives

way to the fact that American women didn’t shave, seeing as most of the

immigrants were European. However, in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Middle

Eastern countries, removing body hair was incredibly important. In fact, these

women removed most of their body hair (with the exception of their eyebrows),

not to mention the Egyptian women that went as far as removing their head

hair. Even having hair down under was considered uncivilized by most

Egyptian, Greek, and Middle Eastern standards. Knowing what we know now,

we can conclude that body sugaring is one of the best methods (if not the

best!) for hair removal. It is the safest, least painful, and most effective (both

in cost and application terms) when compared to others AND can be easily

prepared at home. So what say we put away the wax and strips for good, and

make some room for sugar and juice!

 16

Sugaring was also known as sukkar or ḥalawa in the Middle East, as ağda

in Turkey, and as moum in Iran. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Middle Eastern

countries, removing body hair was incredibly important. Knowing what we know

now, we can conclude that body sugaring is one of the best methods for hair

removal. Sugar itself is otherwise hypoallergenic. It is the safest, least painful,

and most effective when compared to others.The earliest references to hair

removal came from the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Greece.

Early writings out of Mesopotamia tell of kings asking that women be brought to

them clean and smooth, i.e. hairless. Ancient Egyptians place a high importance

on aesthetics and cosmetics. Egyptian hieroglyphics describe how slave girls

serving Pharaoh were expected to remove their body hair. Hair on the body was

considered unclean by the upper class. Possibly through a fortuitous accidence,

the method of using sugar for hair removal treatments was developed.

The British Museum’s famed Department of Egyptology displays copper and

bronze razors and tweezers from as far back as 1900 B.C., including one

combination razor/hair cutter/trimmer from about 1450 B.C. These methods

however, were still primitive and painful. During the reign of the Turkish Empire,

the harem was an important part of court life and the removal of body hair was

considered an art.
 17

Today sugaring paste is what Organic Honey Care uses considered the

traditional technique, a warmed thick mixture is applied first in the opposite

direction of hair growth and then in the direction of hair growth using the hands.

It’s then flicked off in the in the direction of hair growth.

It is enormously cultural for a Middle Eastern woman, from centuries ago

and into today that she is regularly sugared until after a period of time the hair

growth diminishes.

Then sugar hair removal will happen, but less frequently. Any time is a good time

for body sugaring; we specialize in all body areas for women and chest and back

areas for men.

Sugar, any of numerous sweet, colourless, water-

soluble compounds present in the sap of seed plants and the milk of mammals

and making up the simplest group of carbohydrates.The most common sugar

is sucrose, a crystalline tabletop and industrial sweetenerused in foods and

beverages.

As a chemical term, “sugar” usually refers to all carbohydrates of the

general formula Cn(H2O)n. Sucrose is a disaccharide, or double sugar, being

composed of one molecule of glucose linked to one molecule of fructose.

Because one molecule of water (H2O) is lost in the condensation reactionlinking

 18

glucose to fructose, sucrose is represented by the formula C 12H22O11 (following

the general formula Cn[H2O]n - 1).

Sucrose is found in almost all plants, but it occurs at concentrations high

enough for economic recovery only in sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum)

and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris). The former is a giant grass growing in tropical

and subtropical areas; the latter is a root crop growing in temperate zones.

Sugarcane ranges from 7 to 18 percent sugar by weight, while sugar beets are

from 8 to 22 percent sugar by weight. Sucrose from either source (or from two

relatively minor sources, the sugar maple tree and the date palm) is the same

molecule, yielding 3.94 calories per gram as do all carbohydrates. Differences in

sugar products come from other components isolated with sucrose.

Lemons contain numerous phytochemicals,

including polyphenols, terpenes, and tannins.Lemon juice contains slightly

more citric acid than lime juice (about 47 g/l), nearly twice the citric acid

of grapefruit juice, and about five times the amount of citric acid found

in orange juice.

The juice of the lemon is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of around

2.2, giving it a sour taste. Lemons are a rich source of vitamin C, providing 64%

of the Daily Value in a 100 g serving (table). Other essential nutrients, however,

have insignificant content (table).

 19

Pharmacologically, lemon is primarily important for its vitamin C nutritional

value and for its potassium content. Epidemiological studies associate the intake

of citrus fruit with a reduction in the risk of various diseases. Antioxidant and

anticancer actions are being investigated, and a role in hypocitraturic calcium

nephrolithiasis has been suggested. Lemon also shows some antimicrobial

activity.

Distilled Wateris comprised of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen,

giving it the chemical formula H2O. Water is the most common chemical

compound found on planet Earth and the most vital compound for the formation

and survival of life. Bodies of water have many foreign components within them

because water is a solvent that erodes at rock formations.

Water itself is a very simple chemical compound, but it reacts to a wide

variety of substances in ways that foster the formation of life. Water is found in

many solutions, known as aqueous solutions, such as blood or digestive juices.

The components found in a sample of seawater might be a mix of mostly water

and mineral components evenly distributed and sparsely populated by biological

matter like microbes or the traces of dead animals.

Water is a solvent, allowing it to break down various other substances into

aqueous solutions, which has been vital in the formation of life. Life is thought to

have first formed in an aqueous solution. The properties of water, such as the
 20

way it changes density to be lighter when frozen and how it accumulates in the

air as clouds in its gaseous form, are some of the biggest reasons life thrives

today.

Eucalyptus oil is used in flavouring. Cineole-based eucalyptus oil is used

as flavouring at low levels (0.002%) in various products, including baked

goods, confectionery, meat products and beverages. Eucalyptus oil

has antimicrobial activity against a broad range of foodborne

human pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Non-cineole peppermint

gum, strawberry gum and lemon ironbark are also used as flavouring. Eucalyptus

oil is also used as a fragrance component to impart a fresh and clean aroma

in soaps, detergents, lotions, and perfumes. It is known for its pungent,

intoxicating scent. Due to its cleansing properties,Eucalyptus oil is found in

mouth rinses to freshen breath.

If consumed internally at low dosage as a flavouring component or in

pharmaceutical products at the recommended rate, cineole-based 'oil of

eucalyptus' is safe for adults. However, systemic toxicity can result from ingestion

or topical application at higher than recommended doses.

The probable lethal dose of pure eucalyptus oil for an adult is in the range

of 0.05 mL to 0.5 mL/per kg of body weight. Because of their high body-surface-

area-to-mass ratio, children are more vulnerable to poisons absorbed

 21

transdermally. Severe poisoning has occurred in children after ingestion of 4 ml

to 5 ml of eucalyptus oil.

Cineole-based eucalyptus oil is used as an insect

repellent and biopesticide. In the U.S., eucalyptus oil was first registered in 1948

as an insecticide and miticide. Eucalyptus oil has also been shown to be

dangerous to domestic cats, causing an unstable gait, excessive drooling, and

other symptoms of ill health.

Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film that is primarily

used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a

combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Varnish finishes are

usually glossy but may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss sheens by the

addition of “flatting” agents. Varnish has little or no color, is transparent, and has

no added pigment, as opposed to paints or woods stains, which contain pigment

and generally range from opaque to translucent. Varnishes are also applied over

wood stain as a final step to achieve a film for gloss and protection. Some

products are marketed as a combined stain and varnish. After being applied, the

film-forming substances in varnishes either harden directly, as soon as the

solvent has fully evaporated, or harden after evaporation of the solvent through

curing processes, primarily chemical reaction between oils and oxygen from the
 22

air (autoxidation) and chemical reactions between components of the varnish.

The components of varnish are drying oil, resin, solvent.

Drying oilorganic oil, such as linseed oil, used as a binder in paints and

varnishes. It dries into a tough elastic layer when applied in a thin film and

exposed to air.

Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous

tress. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such

as the production of varnishes, adhesives and food glazing agents. They are also

prized as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, and as

constituents of incense and perfume. These were highly prized substances, and

required as incense in some religious rites. Amber is a hard fossilizes resin from

ancient trees.

Solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A

solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.

The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with

temperature. Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning, as paint

thinners, as nail polish removers and glue solvents, in spot removers, in

detergents and in perfumes.

There is some wax that is used for polishing:

 23

Car

 Turtle Wax Renew Polish – is precision polishing agents remove light

scratches and oxidation to restore shine, non- scratching ingredients are

safe for all car finishes.

 Super Crystal Water Wax – Super cleaning liquid type wax removes dirt &

dust powerfully to restore original shiny colours of car bodies with easy

application. It is not only used for cleaning and polishes of various car

body surfaces but also for other metal products.

Shoes

 Kiwi – contains natural Carnauba wax to help provide the leather shoes

with shine, nourishment and protection, while also giving an increased

water resistance.

 Lincoln – is a paste polish with a deep color pigment. And it is made with

imported Carnauba wax and a blend of fine materials to stain, waterproof,

nourish and shine leather.

Furniture
 24

 Paste Finishing Wax –protects and adds luster to any stained or finished

wood surface. The paste finishing wax produces a hard, dry, oil-less

polish.

 Pain Factory Furniture Finishing Wax – is a dark, antiquing wax polish

that gives the object a distressed aged finish. Thw wax finish ensures the

paint finish is water-repellent and seals against stains and marks.

Woods

 Brimax Waxes – the easiest and most traditional finish for bare wood is

wax. Brimaxcan be applied directly to the wood, and no other finish is

required.

 Osmo Wood Wax Finish – is the product to give the interior wood a

durable surface that adapts to the demand of life. Resistant to water and

dirt, is wipe-proof and stain resistant. Resistant against liquid spillages and

the dry finish is safe for humans, plants and animals.

Metal

 Collinite Liquid Metal Wax Pint – it brings rusted and tarnished metal

accessories and fitting back to life. Safely removes stubborn discoloration,

oxidation, and blemishes. Wipes off to reveal high luster shine and coating

those guards against future rust, stains, and weathering.

 25

 Chemical Guys Vintage Wax – is an all new formulation that cleans,

protects and restores your precious metalwork. Metal components area

vehicle’s most prominent feature and require delicate care and protection

to ensure a long lasting shine.

Once these homemade recipes have been mixed, pour them in clean,

labeled glass or plastic containers (DIY Network, 2000).

Recipe #1

1 cup mineral oil

3 drops lemon oil or extract

Recipe #2

2 oz. grated beeswax

5 oz. turpentine

Recipe #3

1 cup olive oil

1/4 cup white vinegar

The oil nourishes the wood while the vinegar cleans it. Recipes #1 and #2 can

be stored in glass or plastic (make sure they’re clean) containers, but #3 should
 26

be poured into a spray bottle. Now that the recipes have been made, now it’s

time to see how they work. Follow these expert tips: Spray or pour the

homemade solution on a soft cloth (never spray directly on the furniture) and

work it in, wiping with the grain. Right away you will see the luster return to the

wood. If the wood looks dry, let it sit and then go over it one more time with the

oil and vinegar. If the wood has detail work, go over the area well with the cloth

and solution, then take a soft-bristle brush to work the solution into the grooves.

Buff with a soft cloth. Now that the furniture is polished and sparkling clean, learn

some common problems with wood furniture and ways to solve them: Removing

Old, Dull Furniture Polish: Steep two tea bags in boiling water. Let the tea cool to

room temperature, take a soft cloth, wring it out in the tea until its damp and

wash the wood. The tannic acid from the tea is wonderful for maintaining wood.

You’ll be surprised at how the wood will shine. Water and Heat Marks: Apply a

little mayonnaise – not salad dressing – onto the spots, spread with a finger, and

let it soak for a few hours to overnight. Wipe and polish the entire table to restore

the shine. Removing Difficult Marks: For even the most difficult marks such as a

writing pen, mayonnaise (the all-purpose cleaner) is still the way to go, along with

some Rottenstone (a mild pumice). Mix the pumice and mayo, then work the

mixture into the spot in the direction of the wood grain. This may take a little time.

Reapply as needed, and then take a cloth to clean.

 27

Restoring Dry- and Old-Looking Wood: First, don’t throw it out. Restore it.

Work some petroleum jelly into the wood with your fingers with a massage

action, and if the wood is in really bad shape, leave the jelly on for some time.

Finish by working into the grain and buffing with a soft cloth(DIY Network, 2000).

Finishing is one of the biggest bugaboos for many woodworkers. Though

they remain undaunted by complex joinery or intricate and precise machining,

scores of woodworkers still cringe at the thought of applying a finish to their work.

“What’s the best finish for my project?” is a question I often hear. Being able to

answer that question confidently and comfortably is an important hurdle to

overcome (Jeff Jewit March- April 2000).Finishing products can be grouped into

manageable categories, based on general working qualities and the degrees of

protection they offer: waxes, oils, varnishes, shellacs, lacquers and water-based

finishes. Different finishes offer varying degrees of protection, durability, ease of

application, repairability and aesthetics. Unfortunately, no single finish excels in

all of these categories — a finish that excels in one may fail in another — so in

choosing a finish you must accept trade-offs.As a professional refinisher, I

routinely ask my customers a series of questions to determine the best finish for

their furniture. I’ve modified my standard questions for this article and added a

few as a Checklist for woodworkers trying to decide which finish using on their

own projects. Answers to these questions will point you toward the right finish to

use on a given project, based on how well you need to protect the surface, how
 28

well the finish will hold up, how easy it is to apply and how you want it to look. To

get a better understanding of the choices, let’s first take a look at the different

categories of wood finishes.All wood finishes can be classified as one of two

distinctly different types, based on how they dry, or cure. Evaporative finishes–

such as lacquer, shellac and many water-based finishes–dry to a hard film as the

solvents evaporate. (Water is not a solvent — it’s a carrier for the finish

emulsion.) These types of finishes will always redissolve in the solvent used to

thin them, long after they’ve dried, so they tend to be less durable than reactive

finishes. Most reactive finishes — such as linseed or Tung oil, catalysed lacquers

and varnishes — also contain solvents that evaporate, but they cure by reacting

with either air outside the can or a chemical placed in the can before application.

These finishes undergo a chemical change as they cure, and after that they will

not redissolve in the solvent originally used to thin them. Except for the pure oils,

reactive finishes tend to hold up better to heat and chemicals. See Common

finish products compared for a summary of how the finishes stack up against

each other (Jeff Jewit March- April 2000).

According to Mark Whiley (2015), Polyurethane varnish for wood can be

used on doors, window frames, floors and other joinery structures. Providing a

tough finish, they are great for protecting wood against abrasive scuffs, knocks

and scratches. So, if you are looking for more a durable and protective wood

finish than wood oils offer, for bare woods or previously stained/varnished
 29

surfaces, Rawlins Paints have a great selection of polyurethane varnishes from

Blackfriar, Coo-Var, Jotun and Mathys.Don’t forget that Rawlins Paints also stock

a wide range of fire retardant varnishes for wood, should you require improved

fire protection at your work premises or commercial/private property. These

coatings will maintain the look of timber surfaces, whilst providing up-to 60

minutes’ fire resistance.

Polyurethane varnishes are super-tough ‘coatings’ popularly used as a

finishing layer for protecting interior and exterior wooden floors, stairs and other

surfaces prone to pedestrian wear and tear – some products can also be used on

chipboard, plywood, hardboard, and parquet surfaces. Easy to use, with water-

based polyurethane varnishes containing lower VOCs than solvent or oil based

versions, and more durable than standard wood varnishes, they are a popular

choice for woodworkers, furniture makers and restorers, and joiners. From floors

to cabinets, and stairs to bar surfaces, polyurethane varnishes can deliver

excellent protective qualities in gloss, matt or satin finishes. A polyurethane finish

can best be described as a hardening liquid plastic coating. Frequently used in

renovation, restoration and repair work within libraries, hotels, restaurants, bars,

cafes and independent boutique retail shops, the finished coat is designed to

provide long-lasting, durable and hard-wearing protection(Mark Whiley, 2015),

 30

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the methodology that will be employed in this

study. This will be conducted as described in the other section of this chapter.

The goal of this qualitative research is to gather information that allows

reasonable conclusions. This specific study attempted to implement good

practices in experimental design in order to defend against such threats. The

goal of this method and procedures is to generate reproducible results that

allowed of formation of valid. The goal of the researchers is to achieve what is

The Effectiveness of Polishing Wood Materials Using Homemade Persian Wax

with Eucalyptus Extract.

Research Design

This research usesthree research methods, the first is experimental

because it aims to observeand determined if the effectiveness of the Homemade

Persian Wax product can really be applicable especially in wood materials.

Second is the descriptive because it describes howHomemade Persian Wax with

Eucalyptus Extract made by a natural ingredients. And the last one is

comparative because the researchers compare the Homemade Persian Wax

with Eucalyptus Extract in other polishing product that can be helpful to make the

Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract to be more effective on

 31

polishing wood materials.This will help to give more relevant ideas and give proof

that the Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract can be a polish in any

wood materials.

Subject of the Study

This is subjected to the effectiveness of polishing wood materials

using Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract. The researchers aim to

prove that product can be alternative polishing in some specific systemic

materials.

Instruments used

Apparatus

 Wire gauze – is used in combination with a Bunsen burner. It is a heat-

resistant wire mesh on which beakers or other glassware are supported

during heating. Usually it is a quadratic flat piece of mesh. It can, but does

not necessarily have, a ceramic center.

Data Gathering Procedure

 32

1. Ingredients for Homemade for Persian Wax Sugar

A. Sugar

A sweet substance usually in the form of white or brown crystals or

white powder that comes from pants and used to make foods sweeter.

Hydrogen bonds are the key to sugar’s stickiness. Hanging out on its own,

sugar is a solid, its molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

atoms. The crystals are intact and don’t stick to one another, you can

easily sift and pour sugar. But in the presence of a liquid, the formerly

strong oxygen-hydrogen bonds in the sugar will start to break, and the

loose hydrogen atoms will look for something else to stick to. Therefore,

sugar would help Persian wax to become slightly sticky.

B. Lemon

A yellow citrus fruit that has a sour taste. It is also acid fruit that is

botanically a many seeded pale yellow oblong berry produced by a small

thorny citrus tree. It would help the Persian wax become shiny and smooth

for it is lightening some systemic materials

C. Eucalyptus

Mostly Australian evergreen trees or rarely shrubs of the myrtle

family that have rigid entire leaves and umbellate flowers and are widely
 33

cultivated for their gums, resins, oils, and woods. Since the ingredients of

Persian wax has sugar and lemon that attracts ants because of its

sweetness. The researchers put eucalyptus as one of the main

ingredients, for its taste and extract is cool and spicy.

I. Homemade Persian wax procedure

1. Prepare the materials used for making the Homemade Persian Wax.

i. Beaker/Pan

ii. ½ Lemon

iii. Water

iv. Bowl

v. Spatula

2. Squeeze the lemon in a bowl and measure the sugar and put it in a bowl.

3. Pour sugar in a pan, Add water.

4. Wait until it boils, add lemon juice.

5. Once it’s boiling or bubbling reduces heat to medium.

6. You want it to lightly produce bubbles but if it starts bubbling up then lower

the heat a bit and make sure you constantly stir.

7. Once it starts to get golden in colour and it should be thicker, turn off heat.

8. Pour it in an empty bowl and get a spatula to measure the thickness of it.

9. Once you have the right consistency, allow to cool for about 30 minutes.
 34

II. Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract Procedure

1. Prepare the materials used for making the Homemade Persian Wax with

Eucalyptus Extract.

i. Beaker/Pan

ii. ½ Lemon

iii. Water

iv. Bowl

v. Spatula

vi. 150 pieces of Eucalyptus leaves

vii. Strainer/Gauze

viii. Mortar

ix. Pestle

2. Wash the eucalyptus leaves using distilled water and air cool it before

grinding.

3. Grind the 150 pieces of eucalyptus leaves using mortar and pestle; pour it

in an empty bowl. And add another eucalyptus, and the repeat the cycle.

4. Start to squeeze the eucalyptus that has been grind.

5. Use strainer to separate the extract from the eucalyptus leaves that has

been grind.

6. And pour it in another clean empty bowl.

 35

7. Pour sugar in a pan, add water and eucalyptus extract.

8. Wait until it boils, add lemon juice.

9. Once it’s boiling or bubbling, reduces heat to medium.

10. You want it to lightly produce bubbles but if it starts bubbling up then lower

the heat a bit and make sure you constantly stir.

11. Once it starts to get golden in colour and it should be thicker, turn off heat.

12. Pour it in an empty bowl and get a spatula to measure the thickness of it.

13. Once you have the right consistency, allow to cool for about 30 minutes.
 36

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter provided the gathered data and the researcher’s analysis and

interpretation of the results of this study. To complete this study properly, it is

necessary to analyze the data collected in order to test the hypothesis and

answer the research question. As already indicated in the proceeding

chapter, data is interpreted in a graph and descriptive form.

The advantage and disadvantage of Homemade Persian Wax:

Advantage

I. Pure and Natural Ingredients.

The Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract only contains

sugar, water, eucalyptus, and lemon or citric acid as a preservative. It’s

completely edible and all natural. There are no petrochemicals or

polymers that are mixed in the product and also this product can be seen

at home and these ingredients are affordable.

 37

II. No toxic chemical

There’s no chemical included that can affect people’s lives.

Especially when someone is polishing the wood materials with their family

around them that makes them poisoned.

III. It can be applied in woods and furniture.

Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract is applicable in

some types of wood materials such as furniture’s, oak and etc; because it

is like varnish but different contents.

IV. It is harmless in human, plant, and animals.

It is harmless in different organisms, because of its content. It has

no smell and it has no bad odor, unlike varnish that had a strong odor and

offensive smell that can affects to human or animals.

V. Environmental Friendly

It is harmless to the environment especially in plants and any other

organisms.

Disadvantage
 38

I. It takes day to make a material to dry.

When applying the Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus

Extract to the materials it takes hours to dry because it has sugar content

which when heat is applied the sugar will melt because of the molecule.

II. It has a little sticky when it applied in a material

When it applied in a material it is little sticky because sugar is

mixed into the water and heat is applied and the result will be

caramelization.

III. It should not be stored in 30 degree Celsius.

It should be stored in 30 degressCelsuis so that the result will not

be caramelization.

Trial 1

Table 1.Thawed Homemade Persian Wax without Eucalyptus Extract.

Ingredients Volume Weight

White Sugar 50 ml. 149.22 g.

Lemon 80ml. 74.35 g.

Water 600 ml. 579.03 g.

Average 243.33 ml. 267.53 g.

 39

The first trial, the researchers uses materials that would be needed for

cooking Persian wax. They used white sugar with the volume of 50 mL and

weight with 149.22 grams. Second, lemon with the volume of 80 mL and weight

with 74.35 grams. Lastly, the water with a volume of600 mL and weight with

579.03 grams. As the Persian wax was already cooked, it resulted thawed that

makes Persian wax unsticky. When the wood and plastic contain Persian wax, it

just looks like water, but the color is different because of sugar and lemon.

Therefore the first trial is due to lack of sugar meaning the first trial is error.
 40

Trial 2

Table 2.Sticky Homemade Persian Wax without Eucalyptus Extract.

Ingredients Volume Weight

White Sugar 70 ml. 208.91 g.

Lemon 80 ml. 74.35 g.

Water 600 ml. 579.03 g.

Average 250 ml. 287.43 g.

 41

After the result of first trial, the researchers needed to do the second trial

because they did not achieve their expected outcome, so they increased the

amount of sugar from 50 mL to 70 mL weighing 208.91 g. while the amount of

other main ingredients did not change. And also, the insects such as ant

attractted by Persian wax due to its sweetness.

Trial 3
 42

Table 3. Slightly sticky Homemade Persian Wax with Eucalyptus Extract.

Ingredients Volume Weight

White Sugar 70 ml. 208.91 g.

Lemon 80 ml. 74.35 g.

Water 600 ml. 579.03 g.

Eucalyptus 20 ml. 18.59 g.

Average 192.5 ml 220.22 g.

 43

For the third trial, the same ingredients with the table numbers 1 and 2.

White sugar with the volume of 70 mL and weight with 208.91 grams. Second,

the volume of lemon is is 80 mL and weight with 74.35 grams. Third, water with

volume of 600 mL and weight with 579.03 grams. And lastly, eucalyptus extract

with the volume of 20 mL and weight with 18.58 grams. The researchers used

eucalyptus because of its pleasant spicy aroma and taste. Since Persian wax is

sweet, the researcher used eucalyptus to drive away the ants. Therefore the ants

are no longer coming to some systemic materials systemic material specifically

the wood and plastic.

Comparison between Varnish and Persian wax

Product Differences Similarities

 Faster to dry
Varnish
 Prone to risk of

buring
 Transparent/Colorless
 Off-gassing
 Polish some systemic
 Pure and natural
Materials
ingredients
Homemade Persian
wax  It takes days to dry

 Affordable
44
 45

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

1. It is environmental friendly to the human, plants, and animals. It is not harmful

to the senses like smell.

2. Sugar has no expiration when it is stored properly. Sugar mixed it with it with

water, lemon extract and eucalyptus extract won’t spoil in the container unless it

handled properly to avoid bacteria.

3. Homemade Persian Wax and Varnish has similar characteristics that can

polish some systemic materials. The relationship between the two is on how it

polishes the systemic materials but don’t don’t have the same component.

4. The important of the differences about the two products is that their effects,

effectiveness, disadvantages and advantages, and components gradually

separated in order to see the differences of the two polishers.

Conclusion

Base on the data’s that the researchers have gathered and the

observation, the researchers concluded that Homemade Persian Wax can used
 46

as a polisher like varnish in polishing systemic materials but there are many

advantages and disadvantages on it.

1. The researchers concluded that Homemade Persian Wax had still advantages

and disadvantages because it did not included chemicals that can be hazardous

in the product.

2. Also the Homemade Persian Wax can be expired if the container will be

contaminated with bacteria because of improper handle and use.

3. The Homemade Persian Wax is used for polish, same as the Varnish but

different in each content.

4. The difference of Homemade Persian Wax and Varnish is really significant.

Though there are some advantages and disadvantages on their differences, but

these differences would help the people know and aware about whom would use

this product.

Recommendations

With enough financial support, the researchers believe that this research

will make a large contribution to the community. The finding of the study shows

that there are other alternative sources of polishing wood materials.

Despite all, the researchers would like to make recommendations that will

make this research grow and help the community in the future.
 47

To the students

The research encourages the students to make innovations in this study

or make related studies on this research.

To the teachers

The researchers would like the research instructors to give guidance and

motivation to their students in order for them to be more passionate and

confident.

To the community

The researchers would like to invite the community to be open about this

research topic for them to be aware of different alternative sources in polishing

systemic materials.
 48

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Online Sources

Citation [Def. 2].(n.d.). In Wikipedia, Retrieved February 22, 2018, from

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_acetate

Citation [Def. 2].(n.d.). In Definitions, Retrieved February 22, 2018, from

https://www.definitions.net/definition/resin

Citation[Def. 2]. (n.d.).In ,The Free Dictionary,  Retrieved ,

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/drying+oil
 49

Henry, F. (2018). POLISHING WOOD FURNITUR. Retrieved from URL

http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/make-and-decorate/decorating/polishing-

woodfurniture

Jewit, J. (2000, March-April). Selecting to Finish. Retrieved February 21, 2018,

from http://www.finewoodworking.com/2004/11/01/selecting-a-finish

Oliver, D. (2017, December 6) What the Heck Is Sugaring, and Is the Hair

Removal Treatment Better

Than Waxing? Retrieved February 22, 2018, from

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/07/01/sugaring-hair-removal-treatment-

pain-what-is-it_n_7697128.html

Savage, Z (2012) Making a simple syrup, how long can it be stored for and what

is the best type of

container to store it in??. Retrieved from, https://food52.com/hotline/6936-

making-a-simple-syrup-how-long-can-it-be-stored-for-and-what-is-the-best-type-

of-container-to-store

Whiley, M. (2015, October).Polyurethane Varnish for Wood. Retrieved from

https://www.familyhandyman.com/heating-cooling/furnace-repair/how-to-

applypolyurethane/view-all/

Witney, G. (2013, September) Can Sugar Go Bad?Retrieved from February 22,

2018, https://www.canitgobad.net/can-sugar-go-bad/
 50

Retrieved from, https://www.autozone.com/wash-cleaners-and-exterior-care-

products/polish/meguiar-s-plastx-clear-plastic-cleaner-and-polish/419400_0_0

Retrieved from

http://www.mothers.com/02_products/06208.html#&slider1=19%23XoYkMyjR0V

PhCRUk.97#X0EyOPAddXwGCzll.97

Retrieved from https://www.chemicalguys.eu/chemical-guys-metal-wax.html

Retrieved from https://www.osmouk.com/sitechaptern.cfm?

bookid=Products&chapter=82&page=33

Retrieved from https://www.sprayster.com/product/paint-factory-chalky-furniture-

wax-shabby-chic-200ml-dark-wax-antique-look

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Laboratory Apparatus

Using laboratory apparatus is required when performing laboratory test in

safety purposes. The researchers must know the names, functions, definitions
 51

and the proper uses of common apparatus that the researchers used. Some

apparatus are the following:

Beaker

Mortar and Pestle

Tripod

Gauze Pad

Stirring Rod
 52

Alcohol Lamp

Wire Gauze

Appendix B

MATERIALS INSIDE THE HOUSE

These are some apparatus that can be found in house that still need some

handle with care, researchers used the following:

Wooden Stick

Match
 53

Kitchen Knife

Scissor

Spatula
 54

APPENDIX C

PROPER USE AND HANDLE OF APPARATUSES

A. Using a beaker

Beakers are used to heat liquids

1. The beaker should be supported by a tripod

2. The flame of two (2) alcohol lamp is put below the beaker

Note: The enough flame must be applied.

3. Never put the beaker in an open flame. Place wire gauze above the burner

before putting the beaker. The wire gauze helps to distribute the heat away from

the point.

B. Using of Tripod

Tripods are used as a stand for a boiling material like beaker.

C. Using of Alcohol Lamp

Alcohol Lamp makes the liquids heat

1. The alcohol lamps should have enough denatured alcohol.

D. Using of Mortar and Pestle

Mortar and pestle are used for grinding or squeezing

E. Gauze Pad

Gauze pads are used for bandage wounds.

1. The Gauze pads should be cleaned and not contaminated by bacteria.

 55

Note: the researchers used it as an alternative from strainer.

2. Never used gauze pads that is in open area or can be contaminated.

F. Stirring Rod

Stirring rods are used for stirring chemicals.

Note: Careful when using it. It may break easily when you applied force.

G. Wire Gauze

Wire gauze are used for fire resistant.

Note: Do not touch the wire gauze after using it.

APPENDIX D

Documentation and Process

56
 57

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile:

Full Name: Ivory Lyka S. Lumasag

Home Address: PurokRosal, LambaguhonBrng. San Roque,

Iligan City

Strand: STEM

Sex: Female

Age: 18

Birth Date: April 24, 1999

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Language: Filipino, Maranao, Cebuano, English, Ilocano, Mandarin

Email-Add: lykalumasag24@gmail.com
 58

Educational Background

Elementary : Mindanao State University – Integrated Laboratory School

Secondary : Mindanao State University – Integrated Laboratory School

Family Background Occupation

Father’s Name : Marlito G. Lumasag Foreman

Mother’s Nam: Erlinda S. Lumasag Teacher

Special Skills: Creating Reports

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile:

Full Name: Geovannie Marc L. Ompoc

Home Address:PurokSalimbal, Lugait, Misamis Oriental

Strand: STEM

Sex: Male

Age: 18

Birth Date: July 02, 1999

Civil Status:Single

Religion:Iglesia Ni Cristo

Email-Add: mharcgeovannie@yahoo.com
 59

Educational Background

Elementary: Mambugan National High School

Secondary: Lugait National High School

Family Background Occupation

Father’s Name: Ricky P. Ompoc OFW (Driver)

Mother’s Name: Rosalina L. Ompoc Housekeeper

Special Skills

Computer Literate

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full Name:Reymark A. Sisi

Home Address:Zone 2A, Del Carmen, Iligan City

Strand: STEM (Science Technology Engineering

Mathematics)

Sex: Male

Age: 18
 60

Birth Date: June 21, 1999

Civil Status:Single

Religion:Roman Catholic

Language: Cebuano, Filipino, English

Email-Add:Reymarksisi@yahoo.com

Educational Background

Elementary:Looc Central School

Secondary:Looc National High School

Family Background Occupation

Father’s Name : Romeo G. Sisi Housekeeper

Mother’s Name:Marilou A. Sisi (Deceased)

Special Skills:Computer Literate

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile:

Full Name: Chris Lander C. Pontoy

Home Address:PurokIlang-IlangAcmacIligan City

Strand: Academic Strand/STEM

 61

Sex : Male

Age: 17 years of age

Birth Date: September 17, 2000

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email-Add : chris_lander@yahoo.com

Educational Background

Elementary: Dalipuga National Central School

Secondary: Dalipuga National High School

Family Background Occupation

Father’s Name: Christopher V. Pontoy Forklift Operator

Mother’s Name: Mary Grace C. PontoyHouseWife

Special Skills: Writing Essays and Poems

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile:

Full Name : Salmanoddin S. Dianaton

 62

Home Address : Purok 2 Luinab, Iligan City

Strand: Science Technology Engineering Mathematics

Sex : Male

Age : 18

Birth Date : March 3, 1999

Civil Status : Single

Religion : Islam

Email-Add : dianatons@gmail.com

Educational Background

Elementary : Luinab Elementary School

Secondary : Iligan City National High School

Family Background Occupation

Father’s Name : Montano M. Dianaton Government

Employee

Mother’s Name : Hania S. Dianaton Housewife

Special Skills: Computer Literate