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GENERAL PHYSICS 1

Measurements
Measurement
➔ process of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard quantity of the same physical
dimension.
➔ process of assigning numbers and the appropriate unit to a physical quantity.

Units
System of Units
● SI (Système Internationale) - the universal system used by the scientific community.

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy
➔ pertains to the degree of agreement of the measured value to the standard value. The
closer the measured value to the standard value, the more accurate the measurement.
Precision
➔ pertains to the degree of fineness of the measurement taking into account the ability of
an instrument to measure small quantities.
➔ also pertains to the degree of agreement of the measured values. The closer the
measured values to each other, the more precise the measurement.

Percent Error
Concepts of Projectile Motion

Uniform Acceleration, Displacement, and Velocity

1. Displacement
- the distance of an object from a fixed point in a specified direction.
2. Velocity
- the rate of change of displacement of an object.
3. Acceleration
- the rate of change of velocity of an object.
Scalar and Vector
Scalar Quantities - are quantities with magnitude only.
Example: mass, distance, speed, energy
Vector Quantities - are quantities with magnitude and direction.
Example: velocity, acceleration, force

Types of Vector
1. Co-initial Vectors
- two or more vectors having the same initial points.
2. Collinear Vectors
- two or more vectors parallel to the same line irrespective of their magnitudes and
directions.
3. Equal Vectors
- two vectors have the same magnitude and direction regardless of the position of their
initial points.
4. Negative of a Vector
- same magnitude and opposite directions.

Law of Vector Addition

Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition
- states that the sum of the squares of the length of the four sides of a parallelogram is
equal to the sum of the squares of the length of the two diagonals.

Triangle Law of Vector Addition

- states that when two vectors are represented as two sides of the triangle with the order
of magnitude and direction, then the third side of the triangle represents the magnitude
and direction of the resultant vector.
Laws of Vector Addition and Subtraction
Applications of Vectors
VECTOR ADDITION - if two similar vectors point in the SAME direction, ADD them.
VECTOR SUBTRACTION - if two vectors are going in OPPOSITE direction, SUBTRACT them.

SOH-CAH-TOA

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton’s First Law of Motion
- states that a body at rest or uniform motion will continue to be at rest or uniform motion
until and unless a net external force acts on it.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and
inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
- states that there is an equal and opposite reaction for every action.
Unit Prefixes and Scientific Notation

Types of Unit Conversion

1. Straightforward Linear Conversion

2. Chain Conversion

3. Power Conversion
Kinematics
- is the study of motion, without addressing any of the forces that cause the motion.

Kinematic Equations

Work, Force, Power, and Energy

Work (Joules)
Formula: Wk = Fd
Energy (Joules)
Formula: PE = mgd
KE = mv² / 2
Power (Watts)
Formula: P = Wk / t
OTHER FORMULAS:
● FORCE: F = ma
● WEIGHT: W = mg