Lesson 8

Types of
Communicative
Strategy

Oral Communication in Context

1 List down communicative strategies.

2 Find appropriate strategies to use in a given situation.

3 Use the strategies effectively in communicating.

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 1 2 3 4
Nomination Restriction Turn-taking Topic control

5 6 7
Topic shifting Repair Termination

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1 Nomination
is the ability of taking attention of the hearers and trying to
commence, or to begin, nominate, or propose speaker’s ideas in a
conversation
opening a topic
You may start off with news inquiries and news announcements
as they promised extended talk.
The topic is introducing a clear, and truthful manner,
stating only what is relevant to keep the interaction focused. 5
1 Nomination
Example:
= Hi! How are you?
= How’s the weather there?
= What’s the latest news?
= usual chat among friends while taking snacks
= unlimited talk with a friend over the phone
= greetings, invitations 6
2 Restriction
a strategy that constrains or restricts the response of the
other person involved in the communication situation

You are given specific instruction that you must follow.

A person speaks and others are listening without a chances

for the listeners to be heard.

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2 Restriction
Example:
= Homily of a priest in a mass
= Commencement speaker during graduation

= A politician talking during the proclamation rally

= In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to have
a group brainstorm about the activity
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3 Turn-taking
process by which people in a conversation decide who is to
speak next

Other should be given a time to take-turn

uses either an informal or formal approach (requesting)

uses either an informal or formal approach

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3 Turn-taking
Example:
= In meetings, “May I have the floor, please?

= In debate, speakers do not need to talk at the same

time
= Do you have anything to say?

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4 Topic control
There are instances when a conversation is bound only to
given issues.

This covers how procedural formality or informality affects

the development of topic in conversations.

Keep the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting

a response.

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4 Topic control
Example:
= Oh, I think let’s go back to the topic.
= In debate, if a speaker is on the affirmative side, he/she
will only talk about the positive points of the topic.
= In classroom reporting where your teacher told you to
report only on the topic assigned to you.

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5 Topic shifting
involves moving from one topic to another
We shift a topic when we want to avoid a conversation or topic.
Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured enough to
generate adequate views. You may say, “by the way,” “in
addition to what you said,” “which reminds me of,” and the
like.

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5 Topic shifting
Example:
= In interview, when an interviewer asks questions from work
experiences to personal concerns
= By the way, I think we have a new love team in our class.
Isn’t it exciting?
= In discussions, you say: This pandemic crisis is not just a
battle about health. It is a battle on how we manage our
emotions. 14
6 Repair
When something is being repaired, something is damaged
or broken.

refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking,

listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation
Problems/ issues: asking for a clarification, not
acknowledging, topic shifting, not responding, repeating, and
adding. 15
6 Repair
Example:
= Oh I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you. That’s not what
I mean.
= I’m sorry if I mispronounce your name.
= I mean . . .
= What I mean is that . . .
= Rather, _______________
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7 Termination
You end the conversation.

It refers to practices of closing down a topic.

Most of the time, the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal

the end of the discussion as well.

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7 Termination
Example:
= Nonverbal cues:
Looking at your phones/clock, yawning, or looking
to somewhere else.
= Verbal cues:
Thank you for listening. Hope to see you next week.

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THANK YOU