ABRA STATE

INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCES AND
TECHNOLOGY
College of Engineering and Vocational and
Industrial Technology

Learner’s Material
Course Code: DRT 104
Course Title: Applied Working Drawing

Name of Student: __________________________________

Year & Section: ____________________________________
 ABRA STATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

VISION
A university that produces graduates who are academically competitive, locally
responsive and globally sustained.

MISSION
We are committed to be agents in the development of Abra through enhanced
instruction creative and innovative researches and projects for public and community
services towards globally competitive professionals who contribute to the realization of a
nation that enjoys strongly rooted comfortable and secure life.

GOALS
1. To produce quality graduates who are globally competitive.
2. To develop/generate new knowledge and verify client-oriented technologies and
other solutions to development problems.
3. To disseminate and showcase client-responsive technologies and other solutions to
development problems towards an improved welfare of local communities.
4. To engage in viable income generating projects (IGP) to augment the finance of the
college.
5. To transform ASIST as a dynamic and responsive, learning and performing,
organization efficiently and effectively managing its resources.

CORE VALUES
N obility -learned and educated
E ntrepreneurship -productivity and self-reliance
W isdom -love of God
A ction -performance-focused
S incerity -high commitment to duty
I ntegrity -personal transformation
S ervice -client-orientation
T eamwork -coordinated group work

ASIST QUALITY POLICY

The Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, commits a continual
improvement of its system processes to ensure effective and efficient delivery of the
services towards sustained clientele satisfaction.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE DEPARTMENT

1. Provide/ Develop highly and globally competitive, technical/ technological
workers.
2. Expand the curricular offering and areas of specialization.
3. Create an atmosphere where students become responsive to their needs of the
times and totally committed to their work responsibly.
4. Provide the students sufficient knowledge, skills, work attitudes and values
necessary for entrepreneurship.
 Republic of the Philippines
ABRA STATE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Bangued, Abra

APPROVAL SHEET

Hereto attached developed instructional material is hereby approved to its

utilization and reproduction:

Module Title:

Course Code: DRT 104

Course Title: Applied Working Drawing

College: College of Engineering and VIT

Department: Vocational Industrial Technology

Semester: Second Semester

School Year: S.Y. 2020 – 2021

Developed by:

ENGR. JAY RUTHER A. ARTIENDA MELJON R. NAVARRO

Instructor Instructor

Reviewed by the IMs Committee:

ENGR. JENERETH B. ALMIENDA JUDITH V. CASABAR

Faculty Expert in the Discipline Department Chairperson

MARIA REBECCA B. TALLEDO

CIMD Director

Recommending approval for Utilization:

ENGR. ORLANDO A. LOMBOY

College Dean

Approved:

NOEL B. BEGNALEN, Ph. D.

Vice President for Academic Affairs
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

ASIST Vision, Mission, Goals, Core Values, & Quality Policy ------------------ ii
Approval Sheet ------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Table of Contents---------------------------------------------------------------------- iv

MODULE 1: TOOLS
1
Duration: 6 hours -----------------------------------------------------------------
Overview--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
General Objectives--------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Lesson 1: ------------------------------------------------------- 3

Lesson 2: ---------------------------------------------------------- 36
Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
Post Assessment ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
Culminating Activities ---------------------------------------------------------------- 54

References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56
 Module
1
3 weeks

Overview
Dear Student,
Welcome to Module 2 of your subject Applied Working Drawing.

This module comprises lessons on the general concepts of assessment,

test, measurement and evaluation. The same module utilizes outcome – based
education which applies the 3E model.
The first part of each lesson will start with the “Explore” part. In this part
introduces the topic with surfacing of your prior knowledge.

The second part, the “Explain”, processes your prior knowledge through
thorough discussion with concrete examples.

Third is the “Evaluate” part. It is where you are given various exercises
where you can apply the concepts with some exercises.

At the end of the module, you are to accomplish the task which
culminates all concepts and skills acquired. A rubric will guide on how you are
going to do the task. This is called “Culminating Activity”.

The following general guidelines should be strictly considered in order to

for you to effectively learn the knowledge and skills in assessment which is one
of the primary tools for future teachers.
1. Activities. All answers under Explore shall be treated as your class
recitations. All outputs under Evaluate are entered as your written
works or performance task. Thus, never leave any activity
unanswered. And all outputs under “Post-assessment” shall be
treated as your performance tasks.
2. Grading System. Your performance shall be evaluated using the
following grading system:
Performances = 30%
Culminating Activity = 30%
Term Examination = 40 %
 TOTAL = 100%
3. Output Submission. Submission can be done on a given schedule.
You can always contact me through my Messenger for clarifications
and questions.
Good luck and enjoy learning!

Objectives
 Demonstrate an understanding and awareness about
carpentry tools.

 Establish an awareness and understanding about masonry

tools.

Lesson
1
(1 hour)
Carpentry Tools
Learning Outcomes

 Identify the various types of measuring tools.

 Determine the classifications of marking tools.
 Identify the different kinds of testing and guiding tools.
 Determine the different types of Fastening tools.
 Identify the different kinds of facing tools.
 Determine the different types of cutting tools.
 Identify the different types of drilling tools.
 Determine the different classification of holding tools.

EXPLORE
Time Duration: 5 minutes
Direction: Identify what tool is in the picture below and determine the use of the
tool. Place your answer in the space provided below.
1. _________________ - ________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

2. ________________ -
_________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

3. _______________ - ________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

EXPLAIN
Time Duration: 45 mins.

CARPENTRY TOOLS

Carpentry tools are classified according to their functions:

1. Measuring Tools
2. Marking Tools
3. Testing and Guiding Tools
4. Fastening Tools
5. Rough Facing Tools
6. Toothed Cutting Tools
7. Sharp-edged Cutting Tools
8. Smooth Facing Tools
9. Boring or Drilling Tools
10. Holding Tools
11. Sharpening Tools
12. Work Bench

MEASURING TOOLS
The early developed measuring tools used in constructions were of various
types provided with English-measure graduated scale into 8th. and 16th of an
inch. The forerunner in making · these kinds of warranted tools are the Stanley
and the Lufkins Rule Co.
 The increasing popularity and worldwide acceptance of the Metric
measure has prompted these companies and others to adopt and incorporate
the meter and centimeter rules in all the measuring tools that they are
manufacturing. The recent measuring tools appear to contain the inches on one
edge and the centimeters on the opposite side of either the zig-zag or push·-pull
tape.
Consequently, the worldwide adoption of the Metric System otherwise
known as the System International (SI). manufacturers of all kinds of tools have
to change the scale and graduation of measuring tools from English to Metric
measure. However, although the English measuring tools are already obsolete,
they are still presented in this topic for historical background. How the present
tools developed the correlation between the English and the Metric measure,
their equivalent values, how they served the past generation and how they used
the instruments which could be of help to the educational background and
advancement of the present crop of builders.
The different kinds of measuring tools that are being used in building
construction otherwise known as "Rules" are;
1. The two-foot four folding rule
2. The Extension Rule
3. Zig-zag Rule
4. Push-Pull tape rule
5. Slide Caliper rule
6. Marking Gauges

The two-foot four folding rule - is generally used in measuring short

distances. It is usually made up of four folds connected by three hinges spaced
at 6 inches or 15 cm apart which could be folded-up.

Figure 1-1
Extension Rule - Is used for measuring inside distances such a~ doors,
windows, cabinets etc.
 Figure 1- 2
Zig-zag rule - Is available in (4 ft.) 1.20m and (6 ft.) 1.80 m commonly used
by carpenters for rough layout. There are three types of joints available:
1. Concealed
2. Riveted
3. Springless

Push-Pull Tape rule - Is used to measure long distances; available from 1.00
m to 50 meters tong.

Figure 1-3

Slide Caliper rule -Is used to measure outside diameter of cylindrical objects.
 Figure 1-4

Marking Gauges- Is used to make lines parallel to the edges.

Figure 1- 5
The two-foot four folding rule could be used as a protractor using the
values on table 1-1.

TABLE 1-1 ANGLES AND OPENINGS

MARKING TOOLS
 Marking tools are classified according to the kind of work it is to perform:

1. Chalk or charcoal line- is used for marking a very rough work.

2. Round pencil lead-used for marking rough work.
3. Scratch awl - is used in marking a semi-rough work.
4. Scriber - is used in marking fine work. It is hardened steel with a sharp
point designed to mark fine line.
5. Compass- is used to inscribe arcs or circle.
6. Divider - is used in dividing distances into equal parts'· particularly an
arc or circumference.

Figure 1-6

TESTING AND GUIDING TOOLS

Good carpentry work demands accuracy in measurement and a well fitted

joint or parts together. This could be done with the various guiding tools for a
precise and quality work.

The different kinds of testing and guiding tools are:

1. Level- is used for both guiding and testing the work to a vertical or
horizontal position.
2. Plastic Hose with water - is the best and accurate tool for guiding the work
in establishing a horizontal level.
 Figure 1-7
3. Plumb Bob - is used to check or obtain a vertical line. The word plumb
means perpendicular to a horizontal plane.

Figure 1-8
4. Miter Box - is a device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting object to
form a miter joint.

Figure 1-9
5. Miter shooting board - is a plain board with two 45° guide fastened on top
of the upper board. This device is used for designing patterns, cabinets.
etc.

Figure 1-10

6. Sliding T-bevel - is like a try square with a sliding and adjustable blade
that could be set to any angle other than 900.

Figure 1-11

TABLE 1-2 TABLE OF ANGLES

 Table 1 - 2 is useful in laying out the included angles of a given polygon.

7. Angle Divider- is a double bevel used to divide an angle a complicated

work. This tool could divide an angle in one.
 Figure 1-12
8. Square - is called a "Trying Square". Square is a· right angle standard at
90 degrees used in marking or testing work. The different types of square
are:
a) Try Square - is a square with blades that ranges from (3" to 15") 7.6 to 38
cm.
b) Miter Square - is a square with blades permanently set at 45 degrees.
c) Combined Try and Miter Square - is a combination of 45 and 90 degrees in
one set.
d) Combination Square - is similar to a try square only that the head can be
made to slide and clamp at any desired place of the blade and is also
provided with a miter and a level guide.
e) Framing or Steel Square - so called as it is used effectively on framing
work.
 Figure l -13
Parts of a framing square:

1. Body- the longer and wider part

2. Tongue- the shorter and the narrower part
3. Face - the side visible when the square is held by the tongue in the right
hand, the body pointing to the left.
4. Back - the side visible when the square is held by the tongue with the left
hand, the body pointing to the right.
 Figure 1-14

TABLE 1-3 TABLE OF ANGLE FORM BY THE SQUARE

(inches)
FASTENING TOOLS

Fastening tools are the tools used to faster or secure parts of the
construction that are to be connected together with nails, screws, bolts, etc.

The different types of fastening tools are:

1. Claw hammer - a hand tool made of steel carefully forged, hardened and
tempered. Its sizes vary from 140 to 560 grams.

a. A 400- 450 grams is recommended for finishing work.

b. A 450-560 grams is recommended for framing work.

Figure 1-15

2. Wrenches- a hand tool with a handle and a jaw which may be fitted to the
head of a nut used to tighten or loosen bolts.

The three general classes of wrenches are:

a. Plain
b. Socket
c. Adjustable

Figure 1-16
 3. Screw driver- a hand tool with a head and a shank used for turning
screw·, classified either as:
a. Plain
b. Automatic

It may also be classified according to the shape of the tip of the shank, such
as:

a. Ordinary b. Phillips

Figurel-17

ROUGH FACING TOOLS or STRIKING TOOLS

Rough facing tools are the so called "Striking Tools" because they are used
through a series of blows. They are also called "inertia tools", or "Rough facing
tools" because the cut produced were rough.

The different kinds of rough facing tools are:

1. Hatchet - is generally a1utility tool used for sharpening stakes and cutting
down timber to rough sizes.

Figure 1-18
2. Axe- a tool used for splitting wood or hewing timber.

Figure 1-19

3. Adze- roughly, an adze is a hatchet in which the blade is at right angle

with the handle.

Figure 1-20

TOOTHED CUTTING TOOLS

In carpentry work, the toothed cutting tools is of utmost importance

considering its versatility and service demand.

There are several types of this kind of tools:

1. Saws - The most important of this kind of tools are classified according
to:
a) Kind of cut:
1. Cross cut
2. Rip cut
3. Combined rip and cross cut
 Figure 1-21

b) Shape of the blades:

1. Straight back
2. Narrowed
3. Thin back
4. Skew back

Figure 1-22
c) according to its use:
1. Cabinet
2. Joiner
3. Miter
4. Stair
5. Floor
6. Buck or wood
7. Compass
8. Key hole
9. Coping
10. Hack

Figure 1-23
 Figure 1-24

2. Files - a metal tool of different shapes and sizes used for abrading,
reducing or smooth cutting metal, wood or other materials.
 Figure 1-25

SHARP-EDGED CUTTING TOOLS

A. Chisel: is an indispensable tool in carpentry which is also considered

as the most abused tool often used for prying, can opener, open cases
or as screw driver etc.

Chisels are classified according to:

1. Paring Chisel - a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with
the grain of wood. Paring chisel should not be driven by blows but only
manipulated by means of hand pressure.
2. Firming Chisel - used for medium duty work usually driven by hand
pressure in paring or by the use of mallet blow in mortising work.
3. Framing Chisel - a heavy duty tool designed to absorb a severe strain in
framing work where deep cut is necessary.

Figure 1-26

CHISEL ACCORDING TO LENGTH

Figure 1-27

Figure 1-28

Figure 1-29

Figure 1-30
 Chisels may also be classified according to its blade with unnatural width.
'Those chisels with blades wider than (2 in.) 5 cm is called "Slick".
B. Draw Knife- is used in trimming work by drawing towards the worker.

Figure 1-31
SMOOTH FACING TOOLS
Smooth facing tools are sometimes regarded as "guided sharp edge cutting
tools". These tools are actually chiseling with frames to guide and limit the cut
and make it smooth.
The different kinds of smooth facing tools are:

1. Spoke Shave - a modified kind of draw knife with an adjustable blade

like a plane to limit the thickness of the cut.

Figure 1-32
 2. Plane - is used in smoothing boards or other surfaces for framing and
molding. Pane is also used to make wood surfaces into uniform
thickness.

Planes are classified according to its size and services:

1. Jack plane- for heavy rough work.
2. Fore plane- for smoothing and straightening the rough or irregular cut
of the jack plane.
3. Trying plane-is used to obtain the smoothest finish.
4. Jointer - a trying plane is a simple small jointer.
5. Smooth plane- a small plane used for smoothing uneven surfaces in
wood even those with minor depressions.

Figure 1-33
 Figure 1-34
6. Molding and Special Planes - are planes used in making various shapes of
molding and cuts. The different types of molding planes are:
a) Rabbet or Rebate Plane - used for making a sinking cut on wood to
make them fit to each other.
b) Fillister Plane - similar in use as the rabbet plane but is more
preferable because it cuts more accurately than the former.
c) Grooving Plane - used in cutting across the wood grain.
d) Router - used to surface the bottom of the grooves.
e) Round and hollow molding plane- used to produce a concave or convex
surface.
 Figure 1-35

These tools are specially designed to make hole in wood.

The different types of drilling tools are:

1. Brad awls- A small tool used for punching or piercing small holes. It is
generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood.

Figure 1-36
2. Gimlets - Tools used for boring small holes by hand pressure classified as:
a) Twist b) Plain

Figure 1-37
3. Augers- is used for boring holes with a diameter from "1/2 to 2" inches or
12.7 mm to 25 mm. Augers that are pro· vided with a shank are
commonly called "bits"

Figure 1-38

4. Twist Drills- used for drilling small holes. Twist drills are preferably used
in cases where the gimlets or the auger may cause splitting of the wood
 grain. These tools have lesser tendency to split the wood grain because
they are not provided with a cutting lip.

Figure 1-39

5. Hollow Augers- used for external boring or turning.

Figure 1-40
6. Spoke Pointers - cuts conical holes. It is similar to the auger only that the
cutter is lengthwise.
7. Counter sinks - used for enlarging a conical hole at the surface of wood.
8. Reamers- usually a reamer is used chiefly by machinist in enlarging metal
holes. It is also used in carpentry work for enlarging holes on wood when
made too small for the screw or its head.
 Figure 1-41
These tools are u5ually provided with a shank instead of a handle, hence, a
brace is indispensable.

Figure 1-42

HOLDING TOOLS
 Holding tools is vital and important in accomplishing fine carpentry work.
In many stages of construction, the need for holding the materials in place
rigidly is necessary.
Holding tools may be classified according to its service:
1. Supporting - Carpentry work such as chiseling planning and the like,
needs support to amply sustain the operation. The Hor5e or Trestle is
the right tool for the purpose.

Figure 1-43

2. Retaining- Under this category, there are several kinds of holding tools
considered as rigid and strong enough in tightly pressing the materials
together.
a) Clamps - is effective in tightly pressing pieces of wood together in making
tenon, mortise and other joints. Clamps may be classified into:

1. Single Screw Jaw

2. Double Screw
3. Chain
4. Miter
5. Beam
 Figure 1-44

3. Vises - A tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to

absorb severe blows. The available types of vises are:
1. Screw
2. Quick acting screw
3. Parallel Jaw
4. Swivel Bottom
5. Self-adjusting jaw

Figure 1-45
SHARPENING TOOLS
 Experienced carpenters realize the importance of sharpening tools in
carpentry operation. Sharp tools assure the worker in accomplishing a quality
work and is faster than using dull tools.
The different kinds of sharpening tools are:
1. Grind Stone - a flat disc solid stone usually of sandstone mounted
on a shaft used for sharpening, shaping or polishing metal by
turning.
2. Oil Stone- Used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and
keen edge of the tools. Oil is used as a lubricating medium and that
is why they are called oil stone. Oil stone are of two types:
a. Natural - found in their natural state
b. Artificial -are ordinary abrasives such as carborundum
alundum and emery.

Figure 1-46
WORK BENCH
Work bench is also an important tool in carpentry operation considering
the various tools attached to it. Work bench is considered as a shop tool and is
needed for the different kinds of onsite or off-site preparation of wood parts in all
construction projects.

Figure 1-47

EVALUATE
Time Duration: 10 minutes
Direction: Identify what tool is being describe in each number, place your answer
in the space provided.

___________________1. Is used for measuring inside distances such a~ doors,

windows, cabinets etc.

___________________2. Is available in (4 ft.) 1.20m and (6 ft.) 1.80 m commonly

used by carpenters for rough layout.

___________________3. Is used to measure long distances; available from 1.00 m

to 50 meters tong.

___________________4. Is used to measure outside diameter of cylindrical objects.

___________________5. It is used for both guiding and testing the work to a

vertical or horizontal position.

___________________6. It is the best and accurate tool for guiding the work in
establishing a horizontal level.

___________________7. It is used to check or obtain a vertical line. The word

plumb means perpendicular to a horizontal plane.

___________________8. It is a device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting

object to form a miter joint.

___________________9. It is like a try square with a sliding and adjustable blade

that could be set to any angle other than 900.

___________________10. It is a double bevel used to divide an angle a complicated

work. This tool could divide an angle in one.

___________________11. A square with blades that ranges from (3" to 15") 7.6 to
38 cm.

___________________12. A hand tool made of steel carefully forged, hardened and

tempered. Its sizes vary from 140 to 560 grams.

___________________13. A hand tool with a handle and a jaw which may be fitted
to the head of a nut used to tighten or loosen bolts.
___________________14. It is generally a utility tool used for sharpening stakes
and cutting down timber to rough sizes.

___________________15. A metal tool of different shapes and sizes used for

abrading, reducing or smooth cutting metal, wood or other materials.

___________________16. A light duty tool used to plane · long surfaces parallel

with the grain of wood.

___________________17. Used for medium duty work usually driven by hand

pressure in paring or by the use of mallet blow in mortising work.

___________________18. A heavy-duty tool designed to absorb a severe strain in

framing work where deep cut is necessary.

___________________19. It is used in trimming work by drawing towards the

worker.

___________________20. A modified kind of draw knife with an adjustable blade

like a plane to limit the thickness of the cut.

___________________21. For smoothing and straightening the rough or irregular

cut of the jack plane.

___________________22. A small tool used for punching or piercing small holes. It

is generally used in starting a nail or screw into hardwood.

___________________23. It is used for boring holes with a diameter from "1/2 to 2"
inches or 12.7 mm to 25 mm.

___________________24. A tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in

place to absorb severe blows.

___________________25. Used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth

and keen edge of the tools.

Lesson
2
(2.5 hours)
Masonry Tools
 Learning Outcomes

 Discuss on the process of preparing the surface.

 Identify the different classifications of.

 Determine the different kinds of miscellaneous masonry tools.

EXPLORE
Time Duration: 15 minutes
Direction: Identify what tool is in the picture below and determine the use of the
tool. Place your answer in the space provided below.
1._________________ -
_________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2. ______________________ - __________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________

EXPLAIN
Time Duration: 2 hours
MASONRY TOOLS

Masonry is the art of shaping, forming, arranging, laying and uniting

stone, bricks, building blocks, plastering etc. to form walls and other parts of
the building?
Masonry tools are so designed to accomplish many types of masonry work.
Masonry tools also include some of the carpentry tools previously mentioned
particularly the measuring tools, the testing and guiding tools. Masons also use
other kinds of special tools aside from. the previously enumerated tools adopted
to the kind of work involved.

ROUGHING UP TOOLS

Roughing up is the process of preparing the surface and parts of masonry

work. It involves the rough work of dressing, and pre· parathion of the different
phases of masonry work. Tools for this type are mostly striking tools and those
that also need a striking medium.

1. Mason's Axe or Hammer- Is also known as Ax-Hammer used in two

different ways. The axe to serve as a chisel and the hammer for
driving nails and other rough work in masonry.
2. Brick Hammer- is another type of combination hammer which is
used for dressing and cutting bricks, stone or concrete and other
driving operations.
3. Patent Hammer - Is a hammer wherein the head is composed of a
group for thin chisels used for dressing stone or concrete.
4. Crandall- A tool with sharp pointed steel spikes used for dressing
stone or concrete.
5. Cross Peen Hammer- Is a cross head hammer where one is shaped
like a wedge used for various striking need in masonry work.
6. Cold Chisel- Is a common tool for carpentry, and masonry work
used for dressing or cutting stone, concrete, metal and other
materials with the aid of hammer.
7. Star Drill - Used for boring or drilling holes on hard surface such as
rock, stone or concrete.
8. Bolster- A tool similar in appearance with the cold chisel including
its services but has a wide blade edge. It is· also known as blocking
chisel.
9. Wrecking Bar- a very useful tool made of steel bar used in
demolition work and in pulling-off large nails.
 Figure 1-48
SURFACE FINISHING TOOLS

Tools of this classification are categorized into:

1. Floats- flat tools with a handle at the back usually made of wood. Kinds of
float:
 a) Common float- used for smoothing or for producing textured surfaces
on cement or plaster.
b) Bull float - a tool used to smooth freshly placed concrete.
c) Devil or Nail float- a tool used to roughen the surface· of plaster to
provide a key for the next coat.
d) Carpet float - used in plastering to produce a fine- · grained texture in
sand finishes.
e) Angle float- used for finishing corners and for plastering.

Figure l-49

2. Trowels- flat hand tools used for applying, spreading and shaping plaster
or mortar to produce a relatively smooth finish on concrete surfaces in the
final stages of finishing. The kind of trowels are:
a. Ordinary trowel- similar in appearance as the ordinary float but
with a steel blade.
b. Pointing trowel - a trowel used in pointing or removing and laying
mortar in masonry joints.
 c. Brick trowel - a trowel with an offset blade used to pick up or spread
mortar.
d. Buttering trowel - a small trowel used to spread mortar on bricks
and tiles before it is laid.
e. Edger a finishing -trowel used on the edges of fresh concrete or
plaster to form a rounded corner.
f. Margin trowel - its sides have a box-like appearance especially used
for working corner angles.

Figure l-50

MISCELLANEOUS MASONRY TOOLS

There is so much duplicity in the functions of masonry tools. There are

also tools which can easily be fabricated by a prolific mason. Tools of this kind
are those simple tools but are considered worthy of notice since they accomplish
an important task in making the rigorous work involved in masonry simpler.
1. Spade - a basic construction tool used in many of the dirty work in
the concrete mix or plaster.

2. G. I. pail - in the absence of a chute or a buggy, it is used as vessel

in handling especially in transferring concrete mix, mortar or plaster
from the mixing board.

3. Mixing board- usually made of wood or concrete used for mixing'

concrete in the absence of a concrete mixer. This is usually
fabricated on-site.

4. Mason's box - a shallow box, made of wood, used to contain mortar

or plaster to make it easily accessible to the mason.

5. Measuring box - a box, made of board or plywood with handle, used

for measuring sand, gravel etc. prior to mixing. This tool is also
fabricated.

6. Rubber foam - used to obtain a fine-grained texture in plastering.

7. Painter's brush - its use in masonry work is similar to the foam.

8. Plastic or nylon string- used for marking and guiding the block
laying, tile laying. etc. to produce a uniform and straight course.

9. Aligning stick - various names can be attributed to this tool which is

simply a straight piece of lumber, more or less L50 m. long used in
plastering and concreting the pavement to assure alignment or a
straight surface.
Figure l-51
Figure l-52
Figure l-53
Figure l-54
 EVALUATE
Time Duration: 15 minutes

Direction: Identify what tool is being describe in each number, place your answer
in the space provided.
_____________________1. Serves as a chisel and the hammer for driving nails and
other rough work in masonry.
_____________________2. A hammer wherein the head is composed of a group for
thin chisels used for dressing stone or concrete.
_____________________3. A tool with sharp pointed steel spikes used for dressing
stone or concrete.
_____________________4. Is a cross head hammer where one is shaped like a
wedge used for various striking need in masonry work.
_____________________5. A common tool for carpentry, and masonry work used
for dressing or cutting stone, concrete, metal and other materials with the aid of
hammer.
_____________________6. Used for boring or drilling holes on hard surface such as
rock, stone or concrete.
_____________________7. A tool similar in appearance with the cold chisel
including its services but has a wide blade edge. It is· also known as blocking
chisel.
_____________________8. A very useful tool made of steel bar used in demolition
work and in pulling-off large nails.
_____________________9. Flat tools with a handle at the back usually made of
wood.
_____________________10. Flat hand tools used for applying, spreading and ·
shaping plaster or mortar to produce a relatively smooth finish on concrete
surfaces in the final stages of finishing.
_____________________11. A basic construction tool used in many of the dirty
work in the concrete mix or plaster.
_____________________12. A shallow box, made of wood, used to contain mortar
or plaster to make it easily accessible to the mason.
_____________________13. A box, made of board or plywood with handle, used for
measuring sand, gravel etc. prior to mixing.
_____________________14. A shallow box, made of wood, used to contain mortar
or plaster to make it easily accessible to the mason.
_____________________15. It is used for marking and guiding the block laying, tile
laying. etc. to produce a uniform and straight course.

Summary
  CARPENTRY TOOLS
o Carpentry tools are classified according to their functions:
 Measuring Tools
 Marking Tools
 Testing and Guiding Tools
 Fastening Tools
 Rough Facing Tools
 Toothed Cutting Tools
 Sharp-edged Cutting Tools
 Smooth Facing Tools
 Boring or Drilling Tools
 Holding Tools
 Sharpening Tools
 Work Bench

 MEASURING TOOLS
o The different kinds of measuring tools that are being used in
building construction otherwise known as "Rules" are;
 The two-foot four folding rule
 The Extension Rule
 Zig-zag Rule
 Push-Pull tape rule
 Slide Caliper rule
 Marking Gauges
o Extension Rule - Is used for measuring inside distances such a~
doors, windows, cabinets etc.
o Zig-zag rule - Is available in (4 ft.) 1.20m and (6 ft.) 1.80 m
commonly used by carpenters for rough layout.
o Push-Pull Tape rule - Is used to measure long distances; available
from 1.00 m to 50 meters tong.
o Slide Caliper rule -Is used to measure outside diameter of cylindrical
objects.
o Marking Gauges- Is used to make lines parallel to the edges.

 MARKING TOOLS
 o Marking tools are classified according to the kind of work it is to
perform:
 Chalk or charcoal line- is used for marking a very rough work.
 Round pencil lead-used for marking rough work.
 Scratch awl - is used in marking a semi-rough work.
 Scriber - is used in marking fine work. It is hardened steel with a
sharp point designed to mark fine line.
 Compass- is used to inscribe arcs or circle.
 Divider - is used in dividing distances into equal parts'·
particularly an arc or circumference.
 TESTING AND GUIDING TOOLS
o The different kinds of testing and guiding tools are:
 Level- is used for both guiding and testing the work to a vertical
or horizontal position.
 Plastic Hose with water - is the best and accurate tool for guiding
the work in establishing a horizontal level.
 Plumb Bob - is used to check or obtain a vertical line. The word
plumb means perpendicular to a horizontal plane.
 Miter Box - is a device used as a guide of the hand saw in cutting
object to form a miter joint.
 Miter shooting board - is a plain board with two 45° guide
fastened on top of the upper board.
 Sliding T-bevel - is like a try square with a sliding and adjustable
blade that could be set to any angle other than 900.
 Angle Divider- is a double bevel used to divide an angle a
complicated work.
 Square - is called a "Trying Square". Square is a· right angle
standard at 90 degrees used in marking or testing work.
 Try Square - is a square with blades that ranges from (3" to 15")
7.6 to 38 cm.
 Miter Square - is a square with blades permanently set at 45
degrees.
 Combined Try and Miter Square - is a combination of 45 and 90
degrees in one set.
 Combination Square - is similar to a try square only that the head
can be made to slide and clamp at any desired place of the blade
and is also provided with a miter and a level guide.
 Framing or Steel Square - so called as it is used effectively on
framing work.

 FASTENING TOOLS
o The different types of fastening tools are:
 Claw hammer - a hand tool made of steel carefully forged,
hardened and tempered.
 Wrenches- a hand tool with a handle and a jaw which may be
fitted to the head of a nut used to tighten or loosen bolts.
 Screw driver- a hand tool with a head and a shank used for
turning screw.
 ROUGH FACING TOOLS or STRIKING TOOLS
o The different kinds of rough facing tools are:
 Hatchet - is generally a1utility tool used for sharpening stakes
and cutting down timber to rough sizes.
 Axe- a tool used for splitting wood or hewing timber.
 Adze- roughly, an adze is a hatchet in which the blade is at
right angle with the handle.
 TOOTHED CUTTING TOOLS
o There are several types of this kind of tools:
 Saws - The most important of this kind of tools are classified
according to:
 Kind of cuts
 Shape of the blades
 according to its use
 Files - a metal tool of different shapes and sizes used for
abrading, reducing or smooth cutting metal, wood or other
materials.
 SHARP-EDGED CUTTING TOOLS
o Chisels are classified according to:
 Paring Chisel - a light duty tool used to plane · long surfaces
parallel with the grain of wood.
 Firming Chisel - used for medium duty work usually driven by
hand pressure in paring or by the use of mallet blow in
mortising work.
 Framing Chisel - a heavy duty tool designed to absorb a severe
strain in framing work where deep cut is necessary.
o Chisels may also be classified according to its blade with unnatural
width.
 Draw Knife- is used in trimming work by drawing towards the
worker.

 SMOOTH FACING TOOLS

o The different kinds of smooth facing tools are:
  Spoke Shave - a modified kind of draw knife with an
adjustable blade like a plane to limit the thickness of the cut.
 Plane - is used in smoothing boards or other surfaces for
framing and molding. Planes are classified according to its
size and services:
 Jack plane- for heavy rough work.
 Fore plane- for smoothing and straightening the rough
or irregular cut of the jack plane.
 Trying plane-is used to obtain the smoothest finish.
 Jointer - a trying plane is a simple small jointer.
 Smooth plane- a small plane used for smoothing uneven
surfaces in wood even those with minor depressions.
 Molding and Special Planes - are planes used in making
various shapes of molding and cuts. The different types of
molding planes are:
 Rabbet or Rebate Plane - used for making a sinking cut
on wood to make them fit to each other.
 Fillister Plane - similar in use as the rabbet plane but is
more preferable because it cuts more accurately than
the former.
 Grooving Plane - used in cutting across the wood grain.
 Router - used to surface the bottom of the grooves.
 Round and hollow molding plane- used to produce a
concave or convex surface.
 The different types of drilling tools are:
o Brad awls- A small tool used for punching or piercing small holes.
o Gimlets - Tools used for boring small holes by hand pressure
o Augers- is used for boring holes with a diameter from "1/2 to 2"
inches or 12.7 mm to 25 mm.
o Twist Drills- used for drilling small holes.
o Hollow Augers- used for external boring or turning.
o Spoke Pointers - cuts conical holes.
o Counter sinks - used for enlarging a conical hole at the surface of
wood.
o Reamers- usually a reamer is used chiefly by machinist in
enlarging metal holes.

 HOLDING TOOLS
o Holding tools may be classified according to its service:
  Supporting - Carpentry work such as chiseling planning
and the like, needs support to amply sustain the operation.
 Retaining- Under this category, there are several kinds of
holding tools considered as rigid and strong enough in
tightly pressing the materials together.
 Vises - A tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly
secured in place to absorb severe blows.
 SHARPENING TOOLS
o The different kinds of sharpening tools are:
o Grind Stone - a flat disc solid stone usually of sandstone
mounted on a shaft used for sharpening, shaping or polishing
metal by turning.
c. Oil Stone- Used after the grinding operation to achieve a
smooth and keen edge of the tools.
 WORK BENCH
o Work bench is also an important tool in carpentry operation
considering the various tools attached to it.

Post- Assessment
Time Duration: 1 hour
I. Identification:
Direction: Identify what tool is being describe in each number, place your answer
in the space provided.
_____________________1. It is an important tool in carpentry operation
considering the various tools attached to it.
_____________________2. It is used as a lubricating medium and that is why they
are called oil stone.
_____________________3. A tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in
place to absorb severe blows.
_____________________4. It is used for enlarging a conical hole at the surface of
wood.
_____________________5. A tool that is similar to the auger only that the cutter is
lengthwise.
_____________________6. These tools have lesser tendency to split the wood grain
because they are not provided with a cutting lip.
_____________________7. It is used for making a sinking cut on wood to make
them fit to each other.
_____________________8. It is used in making various shapes of molding and cuts.
_____________________9. A small plane used for smoothing uneven surfaces in
wood even those with minor depressions.
_____________________10. It is used for smoothing and straightening the rough or
irregular cut of the jack plane.
_____________________11. It is used to make wood surfaces into uniform
thickness.
_____________________12. A tool with sharp pointed steel spikes used for dressing
stone or concrete.
_____________________13. A tool similar in appearance with the cold chisel
including its services but has a wide blade edge.
_____________________14. it is used as vessel in handling especially in
transferring concrete mix, mortar or plaster from the mixing board.
_____________________15. A box, made of board or plywood with handle, used for
measuring sand, gravel etc. prior to mixing.

I. Enumeration:
A. Enumerate the different Classification of Carpentry tools according to their
functions.
1.____________________________
2.____________________________
3.____________________________
4.____________________________
5.____________________________
6.____________________________
7.____________________________
8.____________________________
9.____________________________
10.___________________________
11.___________________________
12.___________________________

B. Enumerate the different kinds of testing and guiding tools

1.____________________________
2.____________________________
3.____________________________
4.____________________________
5.____________________________
6.____________________________
7.____________________________
8.____________________________

Culminating Activity
Time Duration: 1 hour
Direction: Identify what tool is given in the picture and state the use of that tool.
Place your answer in the space provided.
Reference
 BOOKS:

 SIMPLIFIED METHODS ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2000 EDITION –

Max B. Fajardo Jr.

 SIMPLIFIED METHODS ON BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1983 – Max B.

Fajardo Jr.

 TECHNICAL DRAWING 10th Edition – Frederick E. Giesecke/ Alva Mitchell/

Henry Cecil Spencer/ Ivan Leroy Hill/ John Thomas Dygdon/ James E. Novak
with Shawna Lockhart.

 WEBSITES:

 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Working_drawing

 https://www.liveabout.com/working-drawing-fine-art-definition-1123036

 https://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/edward.osakue/dftg-1333-mechanical-
drafting/course-notes/unit-10-working-drawings

END OF THIS MODULE