Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6
Smart Greenhouse Monitoring System using Wireless
Sensor Networks
2021 2nd International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC) | 978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICOSEC51865.2021.9591680
1 2
C Visvesvaran,
Department of ECE,
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
visvesvaranc@skcet.ac.in
3
K Niresh Kumar,
Department of ECE,
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
18euec119@skcet.ac.in
5
S M urugananda Sri Sabari Vasan,
Department of ECE,
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
18euec114@skcet.ac.in
Abstract- A greenhouse is an area with arrangement of
components and things that is covered with a kind of materials,
like a polyethylene or glass roof or mostly covered with green
nets; S ince the plants, corps, soil and other materials inside the
structure absorbs visible solar radiation rays from the sun, the
structure gets heat up dramatically. As a result the greenhouse
gases inside the building increases. Many farmers are unable to
make good sum from greenhouses because they are unable to
control two critical factors: productivity and plant growth. The
smart greenhouse monitoring system is designed to assist
farmers in overcoming these challenges. The green house
monitoring device is powered up by the arduino and Atmega328
microcontrollers and it includes 12v DC fan, LCD display and
sensors such as soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor,
temperature sensor, light sensor, Light Dependent
Resistors(LDR) sensor and a pump. This paper describes the
design, installation, and operation of various sensors used to
track and manage the environment automatically in
greenhouses using Wireless S ensor Network.
Keywords – Green House Monitoring, Atmega328,
ArduinoUNO, Wireless S ensor Network
I. INTRODUCTION
A greenhouse is a structure to defend fragile or out-of-
season crops or plants from weather. Greenhouses within the
seventeenth century were brick or timber shelters with an
inexpensive quantity of window area. Greenhouse developed
into a roofed building with glass walls and wood or metal
components as protective shield became cheaper and a
various of advanced new ways to make the sun temperature
became lower. The greenhouse had been progressed to form
a easy simple but strong shelter for plants from rough
978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
S Kamalakannan
Department of ECE,
Vignan's LARA Institute of Technology & Science,
Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh
kamalsphd@gmail.com
4
K M eenakshi Sundaram,
Department of ECE,
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
18euec107@skcet.ac.in
6
S Jafrrin,
Department of ECE,
Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India
18euec065@skcet.ac.in
climate in the mid of nineteenth century. The type of
greenhouse condition varies depending on the type of plants.
In the nineteenth century, the immense increase in the supply
of exotic plants greatly increased greenhouse culture in
England and elsewhere The smaller greenhouse structures
are used by hobbyists, small-scale home gardeners and by
collectors of garden, while people in fields like agriculture,
horticulture, and plant science use larger structures. The
recent modern greenhouse is basically a structure covered by
wood or plastics used to produce specific flowers and
vegetables and fruits for home needs and other particular
plants that grow in specific temperature and moisture
conditions. The Span type greenhouse, is A-shaped or double
pitched roofs, and therefore the Lean-to-greenhouse has one
pitch & leans opposite to facet of a structure, square
measure the two basic structural shapes. 2 or additional chip
type greenhouses square measure typically combined
facet by facet to scale back the amount of exterior walls and,
as a result, the value of heating. The Verdure in a very
greenhouse square measure exposed to natural light
weight for the bulk of the day because of the
massive quantity of glass on the perimeters and roof. Glass
was once the foremost standard glazing medium, however
plastic films like polyethylene or polyvinyl still as fiberglass,
square measure currently wide used. The structure’s frame is
created of atomic number 13, galvanized steel, or woods like
redwood and cedar. A greenhouse is heated partially by the
sun, and partially by mechanical means that like steam, hot
water, or hot air. A ventilating system is
additionally expected since a greenhouse could too cold or
hot. Roof openings, which might be mechanically or
manually operated, and wall openings
from that electrical fans pull in and disperse air within the
interior, square measure the foremost common examples.
96
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6
Several IoT modules can be used to automate the function of
the green house. The function of the green house structure is
maintained automatically by the device, and crops are
constantly watched over for any defects. To monitor the
whole system, we used an ATmega microcontroller. The
temperature, moisture, humidity, and PH of the surrounding
areas in the structure are tracked by the Arduino and various
sensors used in the device. The temperature of the green
house structure is monitored by the temperature sensor. The
moisture level of the soil in which the plants grow is
monitored by the moisture sensor. The humidity of the green
house structure is maintained by the humidity sensor. The
PH level in the soil is detected by the PH sensor. It allows
the sensor to determine the contents NPK (nitrogen,
phosphorous, potassium) in the soil inside the green house. If
there is a nutrient deficit, this sensor detects it and sends an
input to the Arduino, which activates the fertilizer device. If
some operation is performed, a GSM module is attached to
the microcontroller, which sends warning messages to the
registered mobile number. The green house is automatically
tracked in this manner, with no errors. This aids farmers in
increasing productivity and increasing the nutrient content of
their crops. The farmer's workload is minimised as a result of
doing this, and they are able to reap additional benefits.
II. PURPOSE AND EVALUATION OF WORK
The purpose of our paper is to continuously monitor
conditions inside the green house and to supply fertilizers
whenever the plant requires any nutrients using Arduino and
ATmega microcontroller. The Microcontroller is a powerful
way to monitor real-time environmental parameters and act
according to the requirement of the situation in the green
house. The transmission and reception of data from sensors to
Arduino and vice versa is done by the NodeMCU. The data
collected from the sensors are sent and stored in the Azure
cloud for the purpose of data analysis. By analyzing the data
stored in cloud, the farmers can get to know about the amount
of fertilizers required by the plants in the greenhouse during
different situations to yield a better crop production and to
ensure optimum crop growth.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
In [1], the design of automatic water spraying, roof open
close and close system based on humidity and temperature is
proposed. Here the personal computer used as the serv er
which send an alert to the owner with the use of wireless
network. The server sends information to android system. For
using this, a software application is developed. The main
drawback of this system is this is based on wifi .So if there is
any discrepancy in the network, the information is not
978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
received by the owner.
In [2], they proposed an embedded arduino system
device to observe the structure of greenhouse. Here various
sensors like temperature, humidity, intensity, ph and soil wet
sensors are given to microcontroller. That calculates the value
and displays it through LCD display. And a GSM module is
used to provide SMS to the service provider. So that the
owner may know the information about greenhouse.
In [3], the greenhouse environment is implemented using
android platform. This includes a temperature and humidity
sensor, which is connected to embedded module. It access the
Wireless Access Point, that transfers the message to the owner
through mobile phone. This uses a Software Application to
connect through the greenhouse environment.
IV. EXISTING SYSTEM
In the current system, the greenhouse monitoring has
the following problems:
[1] The accurate data of the crops is not stored
anywhere which makes it hard for the user to analyze the
usage of fertilizers and other energy resources during
different climatic conditions. So as to overcome this issue, we
have decided to store the readings of the sensors in the Azure
cloud for the analysis of the usage and requirements of crops
during different situations. So that the us er can access the
data from the sensors from anywhere using the azure cloud.
[2] The main drawback is when the plants are in need of
nutrients like NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium)
contents, they need to be supplied to the plants manually. So
as to overcome this issue, automatic fertilizer unit is added to
the Greenhouse monitoring system. So that the nutrients are
delivered to the plants automatically without any trouble.
V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed work is that we have added the automatic
fertilizer unit to the green house system that will continuously
monitor the soil nutrition content and if the measurement
value drops below the threshold value, then the fertilizer
system will supply the required nutrients to the plants
automatically. In addition to Green house monitoring system,
the fertilizer system will give an extra care to the crops based
on the NPK level (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) in the
soil so that the yield and quality of crop production can be
improved by the users.
97
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6

VI. HARDWARE DETAILS

 At mega Controller

 Arduino microcontroller

 WIFI Module

 LCD display

 Resistors

 Transistors

 PH sensor

 AC pump

 Moisture sensor

 DC FAN

 Humidity sensor

 Crystal Oscillator

Fig.1 Basic block diagram for Greenhouse  Temperature Sensor

Monitoring System
 Capacitors

 LDR sensor

 Diodes

 Transformer/Adapter

Fig.2 Basic lock Diagram for Automatic

Fertilizer unit

978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 98

Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6

VII. OUTPUT:
Temp
(C )
23

22.5

22

21.5

21

20.5

20

19.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Fig.4 Graph for Temperature

Humidity
(%)
48.5

48

47.5

47

46.5

46

45.5

45
Fig.3 Monitoring System 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Fig.5 Graph for Humidity

978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 99

Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6

VIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Light Intensity
A smart green house monitoring system is implemented in an
(%) efficient manner by utilizing the concept of automatic
1550 fertilizer unit and automatically delivering nutrients to the
plants based on the conditions like NPK(nitrogen,
1500 phosphorous, and potassium) contents, temperature, humidity
and moisture level in the soil. As we know that in the
1450 traditional greenhouse system, the monitoring of crops’
nutrition level and surrounding environmental parameters
1400
such as humidity, moisture level and temperature can be a
1350 very tedious process whereas, the Smart Greenhouse
Monitoring system along with an automatic fertilizer unit can
1300 be very much effective and precise compared to the
traditional greenhouse system. The smart greenhouse
1250 monitoring framework will produce a greater achievement
1200
rate in terms of crop quality and production. This framework
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 works differently in different situations based on the readings
from the sensors and performs specific tasks like release of
nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium to the plants when they
are in need of. Thus, this framework ensures that the plants
Fig.6 Graph for Light Intensity are in good condition as far as nutrients and other
environmental parameters are considered. Hence, this
greenhouse monitoring framework is by all means
encouraging and will have the ability to produce a result of
Automatic Fertilizer increase in crop production with a better efficiency.
4
3.5
I X. REFERENCES
3
2.5 [1] A. Hanggoro, M. A. Putra, R. Reynaldo and R.
F. Sari, "Green house monitoring and controlling using
2
Android mobile application," 2013 International Conference
1.5 on QiR, Yogyakarta, 2013.
1
[2] K. Rangan and T. Vigneswaran, "An
0.5
Embedded systems approach to monitor green house," Recent
0 Advances in Space Technology Services and Climate Change
1 2 3 4 2010 (RSTS & CC-2010), Chennai, 2010.
LED 3 LED 2 LED 1 [3] Wei Ai and Cifa Chen, "Green house
(K) (P) (N) environment monitor technology implementation based on
android mobile platform," 2011 2nd International Conference
on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and
Fig.7 Nitrogen(N),Phosphorus(P),Pottasium(K) Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC), Dengleng, 2011.
Voltage readings from sample soils
[4] Chen, Joy Iong-Zong, and Lu-Tsou Yeh. &
quot; Greenhouse Protection Against Frost Conditions in
Smart Farming using IoT Enabled Artificial Neural Networks
& quot; Journal of Electronics 2, 2020.

[5] Saraswathi, P. Manibharathy, R. Gokulnath, E.

Sureshkumar and K. Karthikeyan, "Automation of
Hydroponics Green House Farming using IOT," 2018 IEEE
International Conference on System, Computation,
Automation and Networking (ICSCA), Pondicherry, 2018.

978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 100

Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC).
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21V90-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3368-6

[6] M. N. S. Latha, S. V. Girish and A. B. Ganesh, (NPK) nutrients of soil using optical transducer," 2017 IEEE
"Cooperative communication enabled wireless sensor network 4th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation,
for monitoring green house," 2016 International Conference Measurement and Application (ICSIMA), Putrajaya, 2017.
on Advanced Communication Control and Computing
Technologies (ICACCCT), Ramanathapuram, 2016. [16] Aaryan Oberoi , Sagar Basavaraju and Lekshmi
S, “Effective Implementation of Automated Fertilization Unit
[7] S. Vatari, A. Bakshi and T. Thakur, "Green using Analog pH Sensor and Arduino “,2017 International
house by using IOT and cloud computing," 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing
International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Research, 2017.
Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT),
[17] S. B. Khot and M. S. Gaikwad, "Development
Bangalore, 2016.
of cloud-based Light intensity monitoring system for green
[8] J. C. D. Lara, S. Gutierrez and F. Rodríguez, house using Raspberry Pi," 2016 International Conference on
"Low Cost Greenhouse Monitoring System Based on Internet Computing Communication Control and automation
of Things," 2019 IEEE International Conference on (ICCUBEA), Pune,2016.
Engineering Veracruz (ICEV), Boca del Rio, Veracruz,
[18] Suma, V. “Internet-of-Things (IoT) based
Mexico, 2019.
Smart Agriculture in India-An Overview”. Journal of ISMAC
[9] M. Masrie, A. Z. M. Rosli, R. Sam, Z. Janin and 3, 2021.
M. K. Nordin, "Integrated optical sensor for NPK Nutrient of
Soil detection," 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on
Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Application
(ICSIMA), Songkla, Thailand, 2018.
[10] Amrutha A, Lekha R and A. Sreedevi,
"Automatic soil nutrient detection and fertilizer dispensary
system," 2016 International Conference on Robotics: Current
Trends and Future Challenges (RCTFC), Thanjavur, 2016.

[11] A. M. Patokar and V. V. Gohokar, "Automatic

Investigation of Micronutrients and fertilizer dispense System
using Microcontroller," 2018 International Conference on
Recent Innovations in Electrical, Electronics &
Communication Engineering (ICRIEECE), Bhubaneswar,
India, 2018.

[12] P. B. Sowmiya, B. K. Nagaswetha and D.

Priyadharshini, "Design of Automatic Nutrition Supply
System Using IoT Technique in Modern Cities," 2017
International Conference on Technical Advancements in
Computers and Communications (ICTACC), Melmaurvathur,
2017.

[13] A. J. Rau, J. Sankar, A. R. Mohan, D. Das

Krishna and J. Mathew, "IoT based smart irrigation system
and nutrient detection with disease analysis," 2017 IEEE
Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), Cochin, 2017.

[14] R. Madhumathi, T. Arumuganathan and R.

Shruthi, "Soil NPK and Moisture analysis using Wireless
Sensor Networks," 2020 11th International Conference on
Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies
(ICCCNT), Kharagpur, India, 2020.

[15] M. Masrie, M. S. A. Rosman, R. Sam and Z.

Janin, "Detection of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

978-1-6654-3368-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 101

Authorized licensed use limited to: ANNA UNIVERSITY. Downloaded on November 12,2022 at 05:50:17 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.