16th GROUP ELEMENTS

SYNOPSIS W.E-1:Oxygen is a gas, but other elements of group

Introduction Sol. Oxygen exists as isolated diatomic molecules.
 Oxygen, Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium and
Polonium are the elements of VIA group or 16th
vertical column of the periodic table.
 The first four elements are collectively known
as chalcogens (ore forming elements), since
many metals occur as oxides (or) sulphides in
nature.
 Polonium is a radio active element and short
lived ( t1/ 2 13.8 days)
 Oxygen is the most abundant element in earth’s W.E-2:Oxygen is divalent in its compounds, but
crust.
 It constitutes 46.6 % by mass of earth’s crust
 Dry air contains 20.946% of oxygen by volume
 The abundance of sulphur in earth’s crust is only
0.03–0.1 %
 There are three naturally occurring isotopes of
oxygen i.e.,
8 O (99.762%) 8O (0.038%) and 8 O (0.200%)
16 17 18
16 th are solids at room temperature. Why ?
Between atoms of oxygen molecule the
attractions are strong, but inter molecular
attractions are very weak. Hence oxygen is a
gas.
Other elements of group 16, have complex
states. The tendency to form multiple bonds
between identical atoms decreases with an
increase in atomic weight. Bonding ability
between many atoms of same element increases.
Molecular complexity and van der Waals forces
increase. Hence, they are solids.
sulphur is even hexavalent. Why ?
Sol. Ground state configuration of oxygen has two
orbitals with unpaired electrons. It forms two
bonds. Oxygen cannot expand its valencies due
to absence of d–orbitals.
Sulphur forms 4 bonds in the first excited state
and 6 bonds in the second excited state.
 Atomic radius increases from O to Te.
 Ionisation energy decreases from O to Po.

 Electro negativity order is O>Se>S>Te>Po .

 Sulphur exists mainly as sulphides and This implies that the metallic nature increases
sulphates. Such as gypsum CaSO4 .2 H 2O , from oxygen to Po
Epsom salt MgSO4 .7 H 2O baryte BaSO4 and  Electron gain enthalpy order is S>Se>Te>Po>O
. Because of compact size of oxygen, inter
sulphides such as Zincblende ZnS, galena PbS
electronic repulsions are high hence it has less
copper pyrites CuFeS2 . negative electron gain enthalpy than sulphur
 Traces of sulphur is present as H 2 S in eggs, W.E-3:First and second electron gain enthalpies
garlic, onion, hair, wool, proteins of oxygenare –141 and + 702 kJ mol–1. How
 Native sulphur is also available at volcanic areas. is large number of oxides accounted for ?
Sol. O (g) + e–  O– (g); H = –141 kJ mol–1
 Polonium occur in nature as decay product of
O  g   e   O 2  g  ; H  702 kJmol 1


thorium and uranium minerals.

 Oxygen is a gas while other elements of this
group are solids at room temperature.
 In oxygen molecule strong double bond is
present so it exists as isolated molecules i.e as a
gas.
Formation of O – is exothermic and O 2– is
endothermic. However, oxygen is divalent and
forms oxide with stable ns2np6 configuration.
Further, the lattice energies of oxides are very
high on account of greater electrostatic forces
of attraction.

. Density order : O  S   Se grey   Te
 Melting point : (K) S  Se  Po  Te
(monoclinic)
 Boiling point (K) O  S  Se  Po  Te
. The large difference between the MP and BP of
oxygen and sulphur may be explained on the
basis of their atomicity. oxygen exist as a
diatomic molecule while sulphur exist act as
poly atomic molecule  s8  .
Oxidation states and chemical reactivity
 Oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule (O 2), W.E-5:What are the oxidation numbers exhibited
Sulphur, Selenium, Tellurium exist as
octaatomic molecules. (S8, Se8, Te8).
W.E-4:Comment on the catenation capacity of
sulphur.
Sol. Catenation ability of sulphur is highest among
chalcogens.Sulphur is next to carbon in the
tendency to catenate. Catenation ability of
sulphur is observed in polysulphides and
polythionic acids.
Among M-M bonds of chalcogens, S-S bond is
stronger and hence higher catenation ability.
 Metallic character increases from O to Po.
 Oxygen, Sulphur are strongly non-metallic.
 Selenium and Tellurium are metalloids, and
Polonium is a metal.
 The general outer electronic configuration of
these elements is ns2np4
 The common oxidation state of these elements
2 4
is -2, because they have s p configuration in
their outer most orbit.
. The stability of -2 oxidation state decreases
down the group. Polonium hardly shows -2
oxidation state
 Oxygen shows positive oxidation states in
fluorides. Oxidation state of oxygen in O2F2 is
+1 and in OF2 is +2.
 The Oxidation state of oxygen in a peroxide is
1 energy decreases)
-1 ( H 2O2 ) and in a super oxide is   KO2 
2 The thermal stability Order
 Oxygen cannot exhibit oxidation number
beyond +2, due to absence of vacant d-orbitals.
 The other elements exhibit +2, +4, +6 oxidation
states due to availability of vacant d orbitals in
its valency shell. but +4 and +6 are most
common
. S, Se and Te show +4 in oxides and +6 in
fluorides. stability of +6 oxidation state
decreases down the group and stability of +4
oxidation state increases (Inert pair effect)
. Bonding in +4 and +6 oxidation states is
covalent .
. The anamolous behaviour of oxygen is due to
its small size and high electronegativity
. The absence of d-orbitals in oxygen limits its
covalency to four and in practice rarely exceeds
two, while in other elements covalence exceeds
four.
by oxygen ?
Sol. Six different oxidation numbers are exhibited
by oxygen : –2, –1, –1/2, 0, +1, and +2.
W.E-6:What is the maximum covalency of oxygen?
Give examples.
Sol. Oxygen usually forms two bonds. Its valency
cannot be expanded due to lack of vacant
d-orbitals. However, the maximum covalency
of oxygen is three, due to an additional dative
bond formed by oxygen using one of its lone
pairs.
Hydronium ion, H3O+ has two covalent bonds
and one coordinate covalent bond formed by
oxygen atom.diethyl oxonium ion, (C2H5)2OH+
also has three bonds formed by oxygen.
Reactivity with Hydrogen
 VIA group elements can form the hydrides of
the formula H2M (M=VIA group element).
 All these hydrides are covalent compounds.
H2O - hydrogen oxide (water)
H2S - hydrogen sulphide
H2Se - hydrogen selenide
H 2
Te - hydrogen telluride
H2Po - hydrogen polonide
 The ease of formation and thermal stability
decrease from H 2O to H 2Po (as M-H bond
H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te
Water dissociates at about 2273K, H2 S at 673-
873 K, H2Se at 433K and H2Te at ordinary room
temperatures. H 2 Po is unstable at room
temperature.
 At room temperature, water is a liquid and the Reactivity with oxygen
other hydrides are colourless, foul smelling,  VIA group elements can form two types of
toxic gases. oxides.
 M-H bond length in the hydrides increases from (a) Dioxides eg: SO2, SeO2 , TeO2
(b) Trioxides eg: SO3, SeO3 , TeO3
H 2O to H2Po.
 The reducing property increases from H2O to  O3 may be treated as oxygen dioxide  OO2 
H2Po.  SO2 is a gas, SeO2 is a volatile solid and TeO2 is
 The aqueous solutions of these hydrides behave a white non-volatile solid
as weak acids. The acidic strength increases  TeO2 and PoO2 are crystalline ionic solids.
from H2O to H2Te.  Order of acidic strength:SO2>SeO2>TeO2 and
SO3>SeO3>TeO3 .
Order:H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te  Trioxides are more acidic than dioxides.PoO2
 Ka (dissociation constant) of aqueous solutions is basic.
of these hydrides increases from H 2O to H2Te.  Reducing property of dioxides decreases from
SO2 to TeO2
Ka H2O H2S H2Se H2Te
. SO2 is reducing while TeO2 is an oxidising
0 -14 -7 -4 -3
at 25 C 1.0x10 1.0x10 1.7x10 2.3x10 agent

 In the formation of H2O, Oxygen atom is sp3

hybridised.
 In H2S and other hydrides pure p-orbitals are
involved in bonding.
 The molecules have bent structures (VSEPR
theory).
 The bond angle decreases from H2O to H2Po.
( H 2O  1040 28'; H 2 S  92030 ';
H 2 Se  910 ; H 2Te  900 ; H 2 Po  900 )
 When compared to other hydrides, water has
abnormal high boiling point. This is due to
intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water.
 Boiling point order: H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O
 Order of volatile nature is H2S>H2Se >H2Te >
H2O
W.E-7: AmongH2O,H2O2,H2SandH2S2,which is Sol. The binary compound of oxygen and fluorine is
least Stable ? Why ?
Sol. 2H2O2  2H2O + O2 and
8H2S2  8H2S + S8
These chemical equations suggest that H2S is
more stable than H2S2 and H2O is more stable
than H2O2.
As the S–H bond is weaker than O–H bond, H2O
is more stable than H2S . Hence, H2S2 is least . The stability of the halides decreases in the
stable.
W.E-8:Tellurium forms oxides of the formula TeO,
TeO2 and TeO3. What is the nature of these
oxides ?
Sol. TeO (oxidation number of Te is +2) is basic.
TeO 2 (oxidation number of Te is +4)is
amphoteric.
TeO3 (oxidation number of Te is +6) is acidic.
As the oxidation number of the element forming
oxide increases, the acidic nature also increases.
Reactivity towards Halogen
 VIA group elements can form mono halides of
the type M2X2; dihalides (MX2); tetrahalides
(MX4) and hexa halides (MX6).
 Since the electronegativity of fluorine is greater
than oxygen, the compounds of fluorine and
oxygen are called fluorides of oxygen.
W.E-9:Oxygen forms only fluorides, but other
chalcogens form different halides. Why ?
called fluoride, but not oxide.
OF2 and O2F2 are the fluorides of oxygen, with
oxidation state of ‘O’, respectively +2 and +1.
The binary compounds of oxygen with other
halogens are known. eg. Cl2O6, Cl2O7, BrO3,
I2O5, I4O9, etc. But they are called oxides of
halogens.
order F   Cl   Br   I 
 Amongst hexahalides, hexafluorides are the only 
stable halides  Sulphur can form monohalides, S2F2 and S2Cl2.
 All the hexa fluorides are gaseous in nature
 SF6 is exceptionally stable for steric reasons
 Among tetrafluorides SF4 is a gas, SeF4 a liquid
and TeF4 is solid
 Sulphur reacts with fluorine (diluted with
nitrogen) to form SF4 and SF6.
S+F2(dilute with N2)  SF4 & SF6
 SF4 is also prepared by reaction between Cobalt 
trifluoride with Sulphur.
S+4CoF3  SF4(g)+4CoF2
 SF 4 is thermally more stable than lower
fluorides.
 SF4 is highly reactive gas and a good fluorinating
agent.
 Tetra halides undergo hydrolysis to give the
corresponding ‘ous’ acids.(except SF4)
Eg : SCl4 + 4H2O  S(OH)4 + 4HCl

H2SO3 + H2O
 SF4 and SCl4 are Lewis acids since they can
accept lone pairs of electrons readily to form
hexahalides using halide ions.
 SF4 and SCl4 can act as Lewis bases by donating W.E-10:A and B are elements with atomic numbers
lone pairs of electrons.
 In SF4 and SCl4, sulphur atom undergoes sp3d
hybridisation ,
 Tetra halide( SF4 , SCl4 ) molecules have trigonal
bipyramidal structure with one corner of
equatorial position occupied by a lone pair of
electrons(see-saw structure) SP 3 d hybridisation
Structure of SF4
S formed are. S2Cl2 , SCl2 , SCl4
F F
F F
. All elements except selenium form dichloride
and dibromides  By heating oxygen containing salts such as
. The dihalides are formed by SP 3 hybridisation
and thus have tetra hedral geometry
 In SCl2 the sulphur atom is in sp3 hybridisation,
with two positions occupied by lone pairs.
 In SCl2 , the lone pairs distort the tetrahedral
angle from 1090281 to 1030 .
SCl2 molecule has angular shape.
(dimers)
 The best known dihalide is SCl2. It is a foul
smelling red liquid.
 Sulphur on heating with chlorine gives S2Cl2.
This on saturation with chlorine gives SCl2.
2S + Cl2  S2Cl2
S2Cl2 + Cl2  2SCl2
Sulphur monochloride reacts with ethylene to
form di (2-chloro ethyl) sulphide, commonly
known as mustard gas.
S2Cl2 +2CH 2 = CH 2  (ClCH 2 - CH 2 )2S +S
musturd gas
. The few monohalides are dimeric in nature.
Examples are S2 F2 , S2Cl2 , Se2Cl2 , Se2 Br2
. These dimeric monohalides undergo
disproportionation as 2Se2Cl2  SeCl4  3Se
 The structure of S2Cl2 is similar to H2O2 with
the bond angle 1040. Hybridization of S is Sp3
in S2Cl2 & dihedral bond angle is 108018! .
16 and 17. Write different combinations of
binary compounds known from them.
Sol. Atomic number of A = 16. It is sulphur.
Atomic number of B = 17. It is chlorine.
Excess sulphur reacts with chlorine to give
dimeric monochloride. Sulphur reacts with
excess chlorine to give tetrachloride. Molten
dimeric monochloride on saturation with
chlorine gives dichloride.The compounds
Oxygen preparation
Laboratory preparations
chlorates, nitrates & permanganates

2 KClO3 
MnO2
 2 KCl  3O2

2 NaNO3   2 NaNO2  O2

2 KMnO4   K 2 MnO4  MnO2  O2
 Thermal decomposition of oxides of metals
which are in lower part of electrochemical series 
2 Ag 2O s   4 Ag s   O2 g 
2 HgO( S )  2 Hg  l   O2 ( g )
2 Pb3O4 ( S )  6 PbO( S )  O2 ( g )
2 PbO2 ( S )  2 PbO( S )  O2 ( g )
 By decomposition by H 2O2 in presence of
catalyst like metals and metal oxides like MnO2
2 H 2O2 (aq )  2 H 2O (l )  O2 ( g )
 On large scale it can be prepared from water or
air. electrolysis of water leads to the release of
oxygen at anode.
. Industrially dioxygen is obtained from purified
air by fractional distillation
Physical properties: It is a colourless and
odourless gas.
Its solubility in water is to the extent of 3.08cm3
in 100 cm3 water at 293K
 It liquefies at 90K and freezes at 55K
 Oxygen atom has three stable isotopes
O16 , O17 , O18
 Molecular oxygen is paramagnetic even though . Some metals in high oxidation state also have
it contains even number of electrons.
Chemical properties:Oxygen directly reacts
with nearly all metals and non-metals except
some metals like Au, Pt and noble gases.
With metals :- 2Ca  O  2CaO
2
4 Al  3O2  2 Al2O3
With non metals:- P4  5O2  P4O10
C  O2  CO2
With other compounds
ZnS  3O2  2ZnO  2SO2
CH 4  2O2  CO2  2 H 2O
Some compounds are catalytically oxidised.
v2 o5
2 SO2  O2 
 2 SO3
CuCl2
4 HCl  O2 
 2Cl2  2 H 2O
Uses: In welding and cutting  oxy-hydrogen
or oxy-acetylene torch is used.
In the manufacture of many metals, particularly
steel
 Oxygen cylinder are widely used in hospitals,
high altitude flying and in mountaineering
 As a fuel in rockets (Hydrazine in liquid oxygen
produces tremendous thrust in rockets)
Oxides: A binary compound of oxygen with
another element is called oxide.
 Oxides are two types:
1. Simple Oxide ( Na2O , Al2O3 etc..)
2. Mixed Oxides
Mixed oxides:- Formed by the combination
of two simple oxides eg: Red lead, Pb3O4
( PbO2 .2 PbO), Fe3O4 ( FeO  Fe2O3 )
 Simple oxides classified as
(i) Acidic oxides (Non-metal Oxides)oxides
of non metals which give acids when dissolved
in water are called acidic oxides.
eg. CO2 , NO2 , P2O5 , SO2 , SO3 , Cl2O7 etc..
CO2  H 2O  H 2CO3 (carbonic acid)
CO2  H 2O  H 2CO3 (carbonic acid)
SO2  H 2O  H 2 SO3 (Sulphurous acid)
acidic character  eg Mn2O7 , CrO3 ,V2O5 
ii) Basic oxides:-The oxides which give a
base with water are known as basic oxides
 eg Na2O, CaO, BaO 
(iii) Amphoteric oxides:- The oxides which
can react with both acids and alkalies are known
as amphoteric oxides
eg ZnO, PbO, Al2O3 , SnO2 , BeO, Sb2O3
Al2O3( S )  6NaOHaq  3H2Ol 
2Na3  Al OH 6 
aq
Al2O3s  6HClaq  9H2Ol  
3
2  Al  H2O6  
aq  6Cl aq
 ZnO  2 NaOH  Na2 ZnO2  H 2O Chemical properties: Oxidising reactions
ZnO  2 HCl  ZnCl2  H 2O
( iv ) Neutral oxides - such oxides do not
combine with an acid or a base eg:
NO, N 2O, CO, H 2O etc
Ozone: Ozone is present in upper atmosphere
and absorbs the harmful U.V. rays of sun.
 Ozone is prepared by subjecting silent electric
discharge of cold and dry oxygen gas
 Formation of ozone is an endothermic,
reversible reaction.
electric 

3O2   2O3 ; H  284.5kJ
discharge
 Ozone is prepared in the laboratory by using
Siemen’s and Brodie’s ozonisers.In this process
around 10% conversion of O2 to O3 is possible.
 The obtained gas is a mixture of O2+O3 it is
called Ozonised oxygen
 Ozonised oxygen is cooled, when O 3 first
liquifies and so can be separated from gaseous
O2
 Electrolysis of acidulated water with platinum
electrodes gives O3 at anode. The gases liberated
W.E-11:How Ozone layer is depleted?
at the anode contain about 95% O3 and 5% O2 .
Sol. Ozone reacts with Nitric oxide(NO) which is
 Ozone can also be prepared by heating oxygen
to 2773K and cooling it.(thermal method). released from Jet planes and converts in to NO2 .
Physical Properties: O3 is a pale blue,pungent In this reaction Ozone converts in to O2 , in this
smelling poisonous gas,dark blue in liquid state, way ozone layer depletion can takes place
violet black in solid state. slowly. NO  O3  NO2  O2
 O3 harmless in small concentration, however if
 Oxidising power of O3 is weaker than F2 but
concentration exceeds 100ppm, breathing stronger than H2O2 or KMnO4.
becomes uncomfortable resulting in headache  Ozone decomposes to give nascent oxygen.
and nausea.
 Ozone is thermodynamically unstable. O3  O2   O  .
Decomposition is associated with increase in Thus in all oxidation reactions if one mole of
volume. ozone is consumed, one mole of oxygen is
 In the decomposition heat liberates( H is formed. (in presence of HCl)
negative) and the entropy increases(  S is W.E-12: How many moles of O is required for
3
positive) for the decomposition of ozone into
oxidation of one mole of PbS.
oxygen  G value is negative.
 It is highly soluble in turpentine oil, glacial acetic PbS  4O3  PbSO4  4O2
acid, or carbon tetrachloride. Sol. In the above reactions, (h & i) , the three oxygen
 It decolourises organic colouring matter by atoms of ozone are utilised. Hence these are
oxidation. considered as special oxidation reactions.
 O3 bleaches by oxidation. K 2 C r 2 O 7
 Ozone reduces : a) BaO2 to BaO  It is used in the manufacture of artificial silk
b) H 2O2 to H 2O c) Ag2O to Ag and synthetic camphor.
 It is used to locate mulitiple bonds in carbon
W.E-13:A hot silver foil is tarnished when exposed compounds.
to ozone. Why ?  It acts as an oxidising agent in the manufacture
Sol. Silver metal is oxidised by ozone to silver oxide. of potassium permanganate
This oxide is reduced back to finely divided  A mixture of O3 and C2 N 2 is known as
silver metal, which is black.
cyanogen and is used as Rocket fuel.
2Ag + O3  Ag2O + O2 (oxidation)
Ag2O + O3  2Ag + 2O2 (reduction) Sulphur - Allotropic forms :
These are called mutual reduction reactions.  All VI A group elements exhibit allotropism
except Te
. When O3 reacts with an excess eg : KI solution  Oxygen occurs in two non metallic forms
H
b u f f e r e d w i = 9.2), Iodine
t h a b
(a) Oxygen (O2) (b)Ozone (O3)
o r a t e b u f f e r ( P

is liberated which can be titrated against a  Oxygen is paramagnetic as it contains two

standard solution of sodium thiosulphate. This
is thequantitative method for estimating O3 gas.
2 KI  H 2O  O3  I 2  2 KOH  O2
2 Na2 S 2O3  I 2  Na2 S 4O6  2 NaI
 When ozone is bubbled through the solution  Sulphur has more number of allotropic forms
of an alkene or alkyne in an inert sovlent like
CH 2Cl2 , CCl4 etc at 195 K, ozonides are formed
O
CH 2 CH 2
CH 2 = CH 2 + O 3
O O
Structure:
 Ozone is an angular molecule and
diamagnetic
 The two oxygen - oxygen bond lengths in the
ozone molecule are identical (128 pm)
Uses of Ozone: It is used as germicide and
disinfectant.
 It is used for sterilizing water.
 it is used in improving the quality of atmosphere
at crowded places (tube railways, mines, cinema
halls etc.,).
 It is used for bleaching oils, oil paintings, ivory
articles , flour,starch etc.
unpaired electrons in anti bonding M.O(as per
Molecular Orbital Theory).
 Ozone is a triatomic diamagnetic allotropic form
of oxygen. It is unstable and decomposes to O2.
2O3  3O2
all these are non-metallic.
 Allotropes of Sulphur are :
a)  - Sulphur or Rhombic sulphur..
b)  -Sulphur or monoclinic sulphur or prismatic
sulphur.
c)  - Monoclinic sulphur..
d)  - Sulphur or plastic sulphur..
 At 369K both Rhombic and monoclinic forms
can co-exist in equilibrium. This temperature is
called transition temperature of sulphur.
 The stable form at room temperature is rhombic
a) Yellow (or)  - sulphur
. above 369K Rhombic sulphur transforms to
monoclinic sulphur
. Rhombic sulphur is yellow in colour, M.P 385.8
K and specific gravity 2.06.
. Rhombic sulphur crystals are formed by
evoparating the solution of roll sulphur in
CS2 .It is insoluble in water but dissolves to
some extent in benzene , alcohol and ether .It
readly soluble in CS2
.   Sulphur melts at 392 K and its specific
gravity is 1.98
. It is soluble in CS2
.  form of sulphur is prepared by melting W.E-14:Viscosity of sulphur increases when molten
Rhombic sulphur in a dish and cooling, till sulphur is heated from 120°C to 160°C. Why ?
crust is formed . Two holes are made in the Sol. At 119°C, sulphur forms a clear mobile liquid.
crust and the remaining liquid poured out on When this liquid is further heated, the cleavage
removing the crust, colourless needle shaped of octa atomic ring structure occurs. Zig-zag
crystals of   sulphur are formed . open chains are formed, which get interwound
and tangled together. Hence sulphur becomes
 ,  and  forms of sulphur are crystalline in
more viscous.
nature and possess puckered ring structures ( S8 )
(crown structure)
Sulphur Dioxide: When sulphur is burnt in
 Sulphur persists with the S8 units, just above air or oxygen SO2 is formed along with 6-8%
sulphur trioxide
the boiling point of sulphur ( 1600 C ). Further
. In the laboratory SO2 is prepared by treating a
increase in temperature leads to the dissociation
sulphite with dilute sulphuric acid
of S8 units successively into S6 (Engel's sulphur ),
SO32aq   2 H aq   SO2 g   H 2O l 
S4 and S2 units.
. Industrially it is produced as a by - product of
 In cyclo -S6 the ring adopts the chair form. At
the roasting of sulphide ores
elevated temperatures (1000K)S 2 is the
dominant species and is paramagnetic like O2. 4 FeS2 s   11O2 g   2 Fe2O3 s   8SO2 g 
. S 2 molecule has two unpaired electron in the . Liquified SO is stored in steel cylinders
2
antibonding  * orbitals like O2 .  SO2 is a colourless gas with pungent smell.
 SO2 can easily be condensed to a liquid ( at room
. Structure of S8 ring ( crown)
temparature by using pressure of 2 atm) which
Structure of S 6 ring ( chair) is used as a non-aqueous solvent.
 Dioxides dissolved in water and produce
corrosponding -ous acids.
S 206 pm S S  Liquid SO2 is highly soluble in water and forms
Sulphurous acid.( SO2  H 2O  H 2 SO3 )
S S  Its reacts readily with NaOH solution forming
S Na2 SO3 .Which then reacts with more SO2 to
1070 give sodium hydrogen sulphite
S S 2NaOH  SO2  Na2 SO3  H 2O

Puckered ring S8 molecule Na2 SO3  H 2O  SO2  2 NaHSO3

. In its reaction with water and alkali, the
behaviour of SO2 is very similar to that of CO2 .
S
205pm . SO2 reacts with Cl2 in the presence of charcoal
S
S catalyst to give SO2Cl2
charcoal
S SO2  g   Cl2 g    SO2Cl2 l 
S
1020 Sulphuryl chloride
S  It acts as mild reducing agent in acid solutions
S6 Chair molecule and a strong reducing agent in basic solutions.
. Moist SO2 reduces Fe3 ions to Fe 2 ions O O O
3 2 2 
2 Fe  SO2  2 H 2O  2 Fe  SO  4 H 4
. It decolourises acidified permanganate (VII) S O S O S O
solutions, this reaction is a convenient test for
SO2 gas n
O O O
5SO2  2MnO4  2 H 2O  5SO42  4 H   2 Mn 2
Linear form ( - or -)
 SO 2 is a bleaching agent. It bleaches the
vegetable colouring matter by reduction. In this  In solid state, SO3 exists in ,  and  forms.
process it is oxidised to H2SO4. This bleaching
process is temporary.  In  -form 3 molecules of SO3 polymerise to give
SO2 + 2H2O  H2SO4 + 2(H) cyclic structure.  form of SO3 is a cyclic trimer
Coloured matter + 2(H)  colourless matter.. No. of  bonds in it is 12
No. of  bonds in it is 6
Structure of SO2: In SO2, sulphur atom is sp2 
 form is the most stable form and is made of
hybridised. It is an angular molecule with a lone cross linked chains.
pair on ‘S’ atom S-O bond length143pm or 1.43 A0 Oxyacids of sulpher: Dioxides of VIA group
In SO2 2 and 2 bonds are present one elements dissolve in water to give ‘ous’ acids
d   p and one p  p bond of the type H2MO3. (M=S, Se, Te)
 The acidic strength of ‘ous’ oxyacids of VI A
group follows the order :
Angular S H2SO3 > H2SeO3 > H2TeO3
 The trioxides of VI A group elements dissolve
O O in water to give ‘ic’ acids of the type H2MO4.
S = O bond length 1.43A
0
H2SO4>H2SeO4>H2TeO4 (Acidic strength of ic acids)
OSO bond angle 119.5
0
 The oxyacids of sulphur are classified into four
series.
Uses of SO2: In refining petroleum and sugar a) Sulphurous acid series b)Sulphuric acid series
 In bleaching like wool and silk c) Thionic acid series d) peroxy acid series
 As an antichlor in textile industry.  The hybridisation of ‘S’ in all oxyacids is SP3
 Disinfectant and preservative
 In the manufacture of H 2 SO4 , NaHSO3 ,
Ca( HSO3 ) 2
 Liquid SO2 is used as a solvent to dissolve a
number of organic and inorganic compounds
Structure of SO3: In gaseous SO3, the central
atom sulphur shows sp2 hybridisation.
In SO3 3 bonds and 3  bonds are present they
are  two d   p  &  one p  p   bonds.
O
O O
S
Trigonal S O O

O O O S S O
O Cyclic from (-)
0
S = O bond length 1.43A O O
0
OSO bond angle 120
 Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4): Sulphuric acid is a
very important chemical used in industry.
 Because of its wide applications in industry, it
is called ‘King of chemicals’. It was also called
as ‘OIL OF VITRIOL’.
Preparation of Sulphuric acid by
Contact process : The steps involved are :
i) Burning of sulphur (or) sulphide ores (like iron
pyrites) in air to get SO2
S + O2  SO2
4FeS2 + 11O2  2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
ii) Conversion of SO2 to SO3 catalytically
Catalyst
2SO2 + O2  
2SO3
iii) SO3 is absorbed in 98% H2SO4 to get oleum
III. THIONIC ACID SERIES: SO3 + H2SO4  H2S2O7
Name Structure O.N  Oleum is diluted with water to get sulphuric acid
of desired concentration
OO
H2S2O7 + H2O  2H2SO4
I. Dithionic acid H2S2O6 HO-S-S-OH +5  The key step in the process is catalytic oxidation
OO of SO2 with O2 to give SO3 in presence of
O O catalyst V2O5
ii. Polythionic H (S) O  The process is reversible
2 n+2 6 HO-S-(S)n-S-OH +5, (0)
acid Catalyst
O O 2SO2( g )  O2 g )  

2SO
 
3( g ) ; H  196.6kJ


 Forward reaction is : Exothermic and n  ve
IV. PEROXO ACID SERIES:  According to Lechatlier’s principle to favour
Name Structure O.N forward process the following conditions are to
be maintained.
OO I. High pressure is preferred. But actually 2 bar
I. Peroxomono
sulphuric acid H2SO5 HO-S-O-OH +6 pressure is maintained.This is because acid
or caro’s acid resistant towers that can withstand high
OO
pressures cannot be built.
ii. Peroxo O O II. Low temperatures are preferred. At low
disulphuric
acid or H2S2O8 HO-S-O-O-S-OH +6 temperature the kinetic energy of reactants is
Marshall’s less and hence in industry low temperatures are
O O not advisable. So optimum temperatures are
acid
used. A temperature of 720 K is generally used.
W.E-15: Write the structure and oxidation numbers III. A suitable catalyst is to be used to increase the
of sulphur in tetrathionic acid. rate of formation of SO3
Sol. Tetrathionic acid or its salt tetrathionate has  The type of catalysis in contact process is
persulphide link, S–S. heterogenous catalysis.
 All the gases used in this process must be
O O O O extremely pure as the catalysts are easily
HO S S S S OH O S S S S O poisoned. Ex: Pt gets poisoned by As2O3
O O O O
. As2O3 impurity is removed by passing through
The oxidation states of sulphur are : +5, 0, 0 arsenic purifier containing gelatinous hydrated
and +5. The average oxidation state of S is +2.5 ferricoxide ( Fe2O3 xH 2O )
 Advantages of Contact Process: Acid Uses of H2SO4: It is extensively used in
obtained is very pure (96-98%) a) Petroleum refining
 Gases can be tested and if impurities are present, b) Manufacture of paints, dye stuffs
reactants can be recycled. c) Detergent industry
 The reactants are relatively cheap. d) Storage batteries (Lead storage batteries)
e) Manufacture of nitrocellulose products
Physical Properties: Its a colourless,dense
f) Pickling agent
oily liquid (sp.gravity : 1.84 at 298K)
g) Laboratory reagent
 Melting point is 283 K
. h) In the manufacture of fertilisers
 Boiling point is 611 K
eg: ammonium sulphate , super phosphate
 During dilution,conc.acid is slowly added to
i) Metallurgical applications eg: cleansing
water as acid dissolves in H 2O liberates large metals before enameling, electro plating and
amount of heat galvanising
Chemical Properties: Its chemical reactions
are due to C.U.Q
i) Low volatility,
ii) Strong acidic character GENERAL PROPERTIES
iii) Strong affinity for water. 1. Oxygen is divalent, where as Sulphur
iv) Ability to act as oxidising agent exhibits a valency of 2,4 or 6. This is due to
It ionises in water in two steps as 1. High electronegativity of Oxygen than
H 2 SO4 aq   H 2Ol   H 3O   aq   HSO4   aq  Sulphur
2. Large size of Sulphur atom
Ka1 >10 Very high 3. High ionisation potential of Oxygen
HSO  4 aq   H 2Ol   H 3O   aq   SO4 2 aq  4. Availability of Vacant d-orbitals in the valency
shell of Sulphur
Ka2  is very less 1.2  10  Ka2 << Ka1
2 2. One of the following burns in air giving a
gaseous oxide (at room temp.)
 It reacts with metal halides and forms more
1. Hydrogen 2. Sodium 3.Sulphur 4. Helium
volatile hydrogen halides.
3. Which of the following non-metal possess
2 MX  H 2 SO4  2 HX  M 2 SO4 highest atomicity.
M = metal : X= F, Cl, NO3 1.Oxygen 2.Sulphur
CaF2  H 2 SO4  CaSO4  2 HF 3.Phosphorus 4.Nitrogen
 It is very good dehydrating agent. 4. The element with least melting point in VIA
It removes water from carbohydrates as group is
1. O 2. S 3. Se 4. Te
C12 H 22O11  12C  11H 2O 5. Metal reacts with sulphur to give
1. Sulphide 2. Sulphite
C6 H12O6  6C  6 H 2O 3. Sulphate 4.Thiosulphate
 Hot conc. H 2 SO4 is moderetly strong oxidising 6. Which of the following is a true Chalcogen
1. Nitrogen 2. Oxygen
agent. (Strength is in between H 3 PO4 and
3. Polonium 4. Chlorine
HNO3 )eg : 7. Oxygen and sulphur are identical in respect
of
Cu  2 H 2 SO4(CONC )  CuSO4  SO2  2 H 2O
1. Chemical properties
C  2 H 2 SO4(CONC )  CO2  2SO2  2 H 2O
2. Distribution of electrons in outer shell
3S  2 H 2 SO4 (con)  3SO2  2 H 2O 3. Atomicity 4. Electronic configuration
8. Which of the following VIA group element 22. The most stable allotropic form of sulphur
has maximum catenation capacity at room temperature is
1.S 2.O 3.Se 4.Te 1.Rhombic 2.Monoclinic
9. Valence configuration of VI group elements 3.Plastic 4.Colloidal
is 23. The element which shows large number of
1. ns2np2 2. ns2np4 3. ns2np5 4. ns2np6 allotropes among VIA group elements
10. Anomalous behaviour of oxygen is due to 1. S 2. Se 3. Po 4. Te
1.Its high electronegativity HYDRIDES
2.Its small atomic size
24. The minimum bond angle is found in which
3.Non availability of d-orbitals 4.All
of the following hydrides is
11. Elements O,S,Se and Te are commonly
known as 1. H 2O 2. H 2 Se 3. H 2 S 4. H 2Te
1.Halogens 2.Rare earth elements 25. Which of the following is more acidic in its
3.Chalcogens 4.Pnicogens aqueous solution
12. Number of atoms in one molecule of sulphur 1.H2O 2.H2S 3.H2Se 4.H2Te
1. 8 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 26. Which of the following has lowest boiling
13. Which element occurs in native state point
1. I 2. S 3. P 4. Mg 1.H2O 2.H2S 3.H2Se 4.H2Te
14. Which of the following sets of atomic 27. Which of the following is most volatile?
numbers belongs to chalcogens 1.H2O 2.H2S 3.H2Se 4.H2Te.
1. 8, 52, 84 2. 9, 17, 35 28. H2S is a
3. 20, 37, 56 4. 14, 32, 50 1.Weak dibasic acid 2.Weak monobasic acid
15. Which of the following elements behaves as 3.Strong dibasic acid 4.Strong monobasic
a typical non metal
1. S 2. Se 3. Te 4. Po OXIDES
16. Paramagnetism is exhibited by molecules 29. In which of the following the bond angle is
1. not attracted into a magnetic field maximum
2. containing only paired electrons 1.H2O 2.H2S 3.SO2 4.SO3
3. containing unpaired electrons 30. Solution of SO2 in water is known as
4. carrying a positive charge 1.Sulphuric acid 2.Sulphurous acid
OXIDATION STATES 3.Hydrosulphuric acid 4.Thiosulphurous acid
17. Oxidation number of oxygen in OF2 is 31. Which of the following is strongest acidic
1.-1 2.-2 3.+1 4.+2 oxide?
18. Oxidation state of sulphur is minimum in 1. Sb2O3 2. P2O5 3. SO2 4. SO3
1. Sulphuryl chloride 2. Caro’s acid 32. SO2 is more powerful reducing agent in:
3. Con. Sulphuric acid 4. Thionyl choride 1)Acid medium 2)Alkaline medium
19. In which one of the following compounds 3)Neutral medium 4)None of these
does sulphur have the least oxidation number 33. Non metals combine with oxygen to form
1.SO2 2.H2SO4 3.Na2S2O3 4.Na2S4O6 usually:
20. In which of the following compounds oxygen 1)Basic oxides 2)neutral oxides
exhibits an Oxidation state of +2 3)acidic oxides 4)Amphoteric oxides
1. H 2O 2. H 2O2 3. OF2 4. H 2 SO4 34. The gas that cannot be collected over water
is
ALLOTROPIC FORMS
1.N2 2.O2 3.SO2 4.PH3
21. The temp. at which rhombic sulphur and
monoclinic sulphur exist in equilibrium is 35. Sulphurous anhydride is
1. 980C 2. 95.50C 3. 2400C 4. 1200C 1.SO3 2. SO42 3. SO32  4. SO2
36. In SO2 molecules, S atom is OZONE
52. Ozone is an
1. sp hybridized 2. sp 2 hybridized 1. Isomorphic form of oxygen
3. sp hybridized
3
4. sp d hybridized
3 2. Allotropic form of oxygen
37. Which one of the following is an amphoteric 3. Isomer of O2 4. Isotope of O2
oxide ? 53. A considerable part of the harmful ultraviolet
(1) Na2 O (2) SO2 (3) B2 O3 4) ZnO radiation of the Sun does not reach the
surface due to
HALIDES 1. CO2 2. H2 3. O3 4. NH3
38. When sulphur is treated with excess of 54. Which of the following brings about dry
Fluorine, the compound formed is bleaching
1.SF4 2.S2F2 3.SF6 4.S2F6 1. ozone 2. chlorine
39. The oxidation state of sulphur in its 3. sulphur dioxide 4. hydrogen peroxide
octahedral halide is 55. Ozone on reaction with one of the following
1.+4 2,+6 3.+5 4.+2 reagents uses all its 3 oxygen atoms for
oxidation
40. In O2F2 the bond angle in between FOO is
1.SO2 2. SnCl2 in presence of HCl
1. 1200 2. 1090311 3. 900 4. 1800 3.CH2=CH2 4. All
41. The hybridisation of sulphur in SF4 is 56. Ozone is not
1.sp3 2.sp3d 3.dsp2 4.sp3d2 1.Paramagnetic 2.A bleaching agent
42. The number of lone pairs available on the 3.An oxidising agent 4.A reducing agent
central atom of sulphur tetra fluoride is 57. Hg sticks to the surface of glass when it comes
1.0 2.1 3.2 4.3 into contact with
43. The hybridisation of sulphur in SF6 is 1. H2O 2. HNO3 3. Grease 4. O3
1. sp3 2. d2sp3 3. sp3d2 4. sp3d 58. Which sterilises water ?
44. The structure of SF4 is 1. CO2 2. O3 3. N2 4. SO3
1)Squre planar 2)Tetrahedral SULPHURIC ACID
3)see- saw structure 4)Octahedral 59. Sulphuric acid can not be used
1) As a pickling agent
OXOACIDS
2) In lead storage batteries
45. The weakest acid among the following is 3) In white paints
1. H2SO4 2.H2SO3 3. H2SeO4 4.H2SeO3 4) In manufacuture of dyes
46. The catalyst used in the manufacture of
Sulphuricacid by contact process 60. Conc. H 2 SO4 is not
1.Al2O3 2.Cr2O3 3. V2O5 4.Mn3O4 1) Hygroscopic 2) Dehydrating agent
47. The strongest acid among the following 3) Sulphonating agent 4) efflorescent
1.H2SO4 2.H2SeO4 3.H2TeO4 4.H2PoO4
C.U.Q - KEY
48. Oleum is
1.H2S2O8 2.H2S2O5 3.H2S2O4 4.H2S2O7 1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 5) 1 6) 2 7) 2
49. A salt of sulphurous acid is called 8) 1 9) 2 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1 13) 2 14) 1
1.Sulphate 2.Sulphurite 15) 1 16) 3 17) 4 18) 4 19) 3 20) 3 21) 2
3.Sulphite 4.Sulphide 22) 1 23) 1 24) 4 25) 4 26) 2 27) 2 28) 1
50. Caro’s acid is 29) 4 30) 2 31) 4 32) 2 33) 3 34) 3 35) 4
1. H 2 SO5 2. H 2 S2O8 3. H 2 SO3 4. H 2 S 2O3 36) 2 37) 4 38) 3 39) 2 40) 2 41) 2 42) 2
51. The acid used in lead storage battery is 43) 3 44) 3 45) 4 46) 3 47) 1 48) 4 49) 3
1. Nitric acid 2. Sulphuric acid 50) 1 51) 2 52) 2 53) 3 54) 1 55) 4 56) 1
3. Hydrochloric acid 4. Phosphoric acid
57) 4 58) 2 59) 3 60) 4
 C.U.Q - HINTS 31. 3SO2  O3  3SO3
1. d-orbitals are unavailable in Oxygen but present
in Sulphur 32. (B)The reduing power of SO2 is due to
2. SO2 is a gas at room temperature SO2  2 H 2O  H 2 SO4  2  H 
3. Sulphur is octa atomic Addition of alkali favours forward reaction
4 Melting point order O<S<Se<Te whereas addition of acid favours backward
5. 2Na + S  Na2S (Sulphide S-2 reaction.
6. O, S, Se, Te are called chalcogens 33. Generaly non-metal oxides are acidic metal
7. Both have ns 2 np 4 configuration oxides are basic
34. SO2 is dissolved in H2O to form sulphurous acid
8. Catenation power of sulphur is greater than
oxygen 35. H2SO3   H 2O
 SO
2

9. VIA group elements contain six electrons in the 36. SP 2 hybridization is seen in SO2
valency shell. 2 in the S orbital, 4 in the P-orbital 38. S + 3F2  SF6
10. High E.N, small A.S & non - availability of d-
39. 6 in hexaflorides.
orbitals explain anamolous behaviour of oxygen
11. O, S , Se, Te are called chalcogens 40. 109031' - bond angle

12. S8 -octa atomic 41. SF4 has SP 3 d hybridization

13. Sulphur occurs in native state near volcanoes.
14. Atomic number for chalcogens are
8,16,34,52,84
15. Among the VIA group oxygen & sulphur is
typical non metal because of their small size,
high EN and high IP values
16. Paramagnetism is due to unpaired e- in orbitals
17. ‘F’ always exhibit -1 oxidation state OF2
O+2(F)
x+2(-1)=0; x = +2
18. SOCl2
19. In Na2S2O3 terminal sulphur has -2 oxidation
state
20. OF2 -oxygen show +2 O.N
42. One L.P of e is seen in SF4
43. SF6  SP 3 d 2
44. The hybridization of S in SF4 is sp3 d. Hence,
it is trigonal bipyramidalwith one lone pair of
electrons.
45. ‘ic’ acids are more acidic than ‘ous’ acids. In a
group from top to bottom acidic nature decreases
46. V2O5 is catalyst.
47. H 2 SO4  H 2 SeO4  H 2TeO4  H 2 PoO4
48. oleum - H 2 S2O7
49. Sulphurous acid salts are called sulphites

95.5 C
50. H 2 SO5  caro’s acid.
  Monoclinic Sulphur
0
21. Rhombic Sulphur  
51. Lead storage batteries used H 2 SO4
22. At room temperature it exists as S8 - Solid
23. ‘S’ has max no. of allotropic forms. 52 O2 & O3 are allotropes
24. The bond angle decreases from H 2O to H 2 Te 53. O3 filter U.V rays from sun light.
25. Acidic nature increases H2O to H2Te
54. O3 acts as dry bleach
26. H2S<H2Se<H2Te<H2O
27. Order of volatile nature H2S>H2Se>H2Te>H2O 55. SO2  SO3 , SnCl2  SnCl4 & ozonolysis uses
28. H 2 S  2 H   S 2 up all oxygen atoms of O3
SO3  120 0 ; SO2  119.50 56. O3 is diamagnetic.
29.
H 2O  104.50 ; H 2 S  92 0 57. 2Hg  O3  Hg 2O  O2

30. SO2  H 2O  H 2 SO3 58. O3 is a good sterilizing agent

 13. H 2 S cannot be dried by passing over
LEVEL-I (C.W)
conc. H 2 SO4 because
GENERAL PROPERTIES 1) The acid oxidises H2S into S
1. Which of the following is a highly basic oxide 2) The acid combines with H 2 S to form a ppt
1.SO2 2.SO3 3. TeO2 4. TeO3 3) Both form complex
2. The element with highest boiling point in the 4) It dissovles in the acid
following is
1. Oxygen 2. Sulphur OXIDES
3. Tellurium 4. Polonium 14. A gas which bleaches substances by reduction
3. Oxygen exhibits its +ve oxidation states in its process is
1. Fluorides 2. Chlorides 1.Moist Cl2 2. SO2 3.O3 4. Dry Cl2
3. Nitrides 4. Sulphides 15. In which of the following central atom makes
4. Which of the following acts only as reducing use of sp3 hybrid orbitals
agent 1.SO2 2.SO3 3.H2S 4.H2O
1.KMnO4 2.CaOCl2 3. H2S 4. HNO2
16. Conversion of SO2 to SO3 is
5. Which of the following is not a normal oxide
1. Na2O 2.Al2O3 3.KO2 4. MgO 1. Exothermic reaction
2. Endothermic reaction
OXIDATION STATES 3. Photochemical reaction
6. The two sulphur atoms in Na2 S 2O3 have 4. Reduction reaction
1. -2 and +4 oxidation states 17. A solution of SO2 in water reacts with H2S
2. +4 and +6 oxidation states precipitating sulphur. Here SO2 acts as
3. +6 and -2 oxidation states 1. an oxidising agent 2. a reducing agent
4. same oxidation state 3. an acid 4. a catalyst
7. Oxygen as a super oxide is in the form of
2 
HALIDES
1. O 2 2 2. O 3. O2  4. O 18. Which of the following is a red liquid?
8. T h e o x i d a t i o n n u m b e r o f o x y g e n i n K

2
O, 1.SF4 2.SF6 3.SCl2 4.S2Cl2
K2O2 and KO2 are respecitvely 19. Hybridisation of oxygen in O2F2
1 1 1. sp 2. sp2 3. sp3 4. sp3d
1. -2,-1,- 2. - ,-1,-2
2 2
OXOACIDS
1 1 20. One of the following has O-O Bond
3. -1,-2,- 4. -2,- ,-1
2 2 1.H2S2O6 2.H2S2O7 3..H2S2O5 4..H2S2O8
ALLOTROPIC FORMS 21. The number of dative bonds in sulphric acid
9. Crystalline form of Sulphur is molecule is
1. Plastic sulphur 2. Colloidal sulphur 1) 0 2)1 3) 2 4)4
3. Monoclinic sulphur 4. All of these 22. There is no S-S bond in
10. Rhombic sulphur consists of 1. S2O42 2. S 2 O 52  3. S 2 O 3 2 4. S 2O72
1.S8 chains 2.S2 molecules
3.S4 rings 4.S8 rings 23. About sulphuric acid which is not correct?
1. Reducing agent 2. Dehydrating agent
HYDRIDES 3. Sulphonating agent 4. Highly viscous
11. Which of the following turns lead acetate
paper black? OZONE
1. SO2 2. SO3 3. H2S 4.H2SO4 24. Which of the following metals loses its
12. Strongest reducing agent of the following is meniscus after reacting with ozone?
1.H2O 2.H2S 3.H2Se 4.H2Te 1. Pb 2. Hg 3. Cu 4. Ag
25. Silver on warming in O3 the reaction is 5. In normal oxides O 2
1. Oxidation of the metal In peroxidies O 1
2. Formation of ozonide
3. Alternate oxidation of the metal and reduction In superoxidies O2 1
of oxide takes place 4. Reduction of metal 6. O.N of S in Na S O are +6 & - 2
2 2 3
26. Which is wrong about O3
7. O2 =superoxide ion
1. It is paramagnetic in nature
2. It has a linear structure 1
8. Oxide = -2; peroxide = -1 & superoxide = -
3. It decolourizes acidic KMnO4 4. All 2
27. Which is correct about O3 10. Rhombic sulphur = S8 puckered rings
1.Molecule is angular
2. Bond angle is 116.50 11. H2S gives black lead sulphide
3.It is isoatomic with SO2 4.All 12. Reducing power of hydrides
H2O < H2S < H2Se<H2Te
SULPHURIC ACID
13. H2S exhibits reducing property and acidic
28. Hybridisation of sulphur in H 2 SO4 is property
1) sp 2) sp 2 3) sp3 4) sp 3d 2 14. SO2 bleaches by liberating nascent hydrogen
29. The final acid obtained during the 15. H 2O has SP 3 hybridization on oxygen.
manufacture of H 2 SO4 , by contact process 16. 2 SO  O  2 SO ; H  189kJ
2( g ) 2( g ) 3( g )
is
17. 2H2S+SO2  3S+2H2O
1) H 2 SO4 (conc.) 2) H 2 SO4 (dil)
18. SCl2 is dark red liquid with foul odour
3) HCl 4) H 2 S2O7
19. O2 F2  SP 3
30. Low volatile nature of H 2 SO4 is due to :
1)Hydrogen bonding 2)Van der waals’forces O O
3)Strong bonds 4) Highvi scosicity ll ll
HO  S  O  O  S  OH
LEVEL-I (C.W) - KEY 20.
ll ll
1)3 2)3 3)1 4)3 5)3 6)3 7)3 O O
8)1 9)3 10)4 11)3 12)4 13)2 14)2
15)4 16)1 17)1 18)3 19)3 20)4 21)3 21. Two dative bonds are seen in H 2 SO4
22)4 23)1 24)2 25)3 26)4 27)4 28)3 25. H 2 SO4  6
29)4 30)1 24. 2Hg + O  Hg O + O
3 2 2
25. 2Ag + O3  Ag2O + O2
LEVEL - I (C.W) - HINTS
Ag undergoes oxidation, O3 undergoes reduction
1. In a group from top to bottom basic nature of
oxides increases and the element which contains 26. O3 is diamagnetic, angular & does not
less number of oxygens is more basic in nature
decolourised acid. KMnO4
2. Boiling point order O<S<Se<Te
3. F is more E.N than oxygen 27. O3 is angular; bond angle is 116.50 & isoatomic
4. Oxidation number of Sulphur is minimum in
with SO2 (triatomic)
H2S (-2)
 ALLOTROPIC FORMS
LEVEL-I (H.W) 8) Which of the following is incorrect about
S8 molecule
GENERAL PROPERTIES 1) No.of lone pairs : 16
1) Incorrect match 2) covalency : 2
1) Aquafortis - HNO3 3) Bond order : 1
4) Bond length : 205.7 pm
2) Chambersacid - H 2 SO4
9) In S 2 molecule the two unpaired electrons
3) King of chemical - HCl are present in
4) Oil of vitriol - H 2 SO4 1)  2)  * 3)  4)  *
2) Which chalcogon contains same no.of S and P HYDRIDES
electrons 10) Which of the following is incorrect match
1) S 2) Mg 3) O 4) Se 1) Stability H 2O  H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te
3) Density order of  ,  ,  forms in Sulphur 2) Bond enthalpy : H 2O  H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te
1)      2)      3) Ka H 2O  H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te
3)      4) S  S  S  4) B.P : H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te  H 2O
4) A : In oxygen maximum covalency limits to 11) Which hydride has maximum decomposition
four temperature
R : Absence of d - orbitals 1) H 2O 2) H 2 S 3) H 2Te 4) H 2 Se
1) Both A and R are true and R is the 12. (A) : Thermal stability of the hydrides of VIA
correct explanation of A group elements decreases from H2O to H2Po
2) Both A and R are true and R is not the (R) : The heats of dissociation of M – H bond
correct explanation of A of hydrides of VIA group decreases down the
group
3) A is true but R is false
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
4) A is false but R is true correct explanation of (A)
2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not
OXIDATION STATES
the correct explanation of (A)
5. The element of VI A group which cannot
3) (A) is true but (R) is false
form hexahalides is
4) (A) is false but (R) is true
1) O 2) S 3) Se 4) Te
6. Oxygen cannot exhibit higher oxidation OXIDES
states due to 13) Mn2O7 , CrO3 , V2O5 are ____ oxides
1) small size 1) Basic 2) Acidic
2) more electronegativity 3) Neutral 4) Amphoteric
3) less density 14) Which of the following bleaches by reduction
4) lack of vacent d orbitals 1) CaOCl2 aq  2) H 2O2 aq 
7. The oxidation state of sulphur in the anions
follow the order (CBSE -2003) 3) O3 4) SO2 aq 
1) S2 O24  SO32   S2 O62  15) SO2 reduces acidified K 2Cr2O7 to
2) S2 O24  S2 O32   S2 O62 
3) S2 O24  S2 O62   SO32  1) Cr2  SO4 3 2) CrO3
2 2 2
4) S2 O 6  S2 O 4  SO3 3) Cr O 4) chromium
2 3
16) Which form is cyclic trimer of SO3 27) PbO2  O3  PbO  2O2 ; BaO2  O3  BaO  2O2 ,
1)  2)  3)  4) both  and  these reaction are called
1) Oxidation 2) Reduction
17) Reaction of SO2 with water and alkali is 3) Mutual reduction 4) Dispropornation
similar to that of
SULPHURIC ACID
1) CO2 2) SO3 3) CO 4) NO2 28) Incorrect statement about manufacture of
HALIDES H 2 SO4 by contact process is
18) The stability order of halides of V IA group 1) Homogeneous catalysis
elements 2) Adsorption theory
1) F  Cl  Br  I 2) Cl  Br  I  F 3) 720K and 2 bar pressure
3) I  Br  Cl  F 4) Br  Cl  F  I 4) high temperature and low pressure are favoured
19) Incorrect statement about SF4 is 29) The purity of H 2 SO4 obtained by contact
process is
1) Seesaw Structure 2) Sp 3d hybridization
1) 96-98% 2) 92-96% 3) 92-94 % 4) 100%
3) One lone pair
30) Impurity along SO2 is __ and it is removed
4) Sulphur is in second excited state
by
OXOACIDS
20) Incorrect match is 1) As2O3 ; Fe2O3 , xH 2O 2) H 2 S , Al  OH 3
1) H 2 S2O7 a) S -O - S linkage 3) H 2 S , Fe2O3 , xH 2O 4) AS 2O3 , Al2O3 , xH 2O
2) H 2 SO5 b) O - O linkage 31. What is the number of sigma and pi bonds
present in H2SO4 molecule ?
3) H 2 S 2O3 c) S = S linkage
1) 6  and 2  2) 6  and 0 
4) H 2 S xO6 d) S-O-S linkage 3) 2  and 4  4) 2  and 2 
21. Compound 'X' is the anhydride of sulphuric
LEVEL - I (H.W) - KEY
acid, the hybridisation of central atom in a
molecule of 'X' is 1)3 2)3 3)1 4)1 5)1 6)4 7)1
1) sp3 2) sp2 3) sp 4) sp3d 8)4 9)2 10)3 11)1 12)1 13)2 14)4
22. The strongest oxidizing agent is 15)1 16)1 17)1 18)1 19)4 20)4 21)2
1) HNO3 2) H2SO4 3) H2SO3 4) H2S2O3
22)2 23)1 24)1 25)1 26)1 27)3 28)4
OZONE
29)1 30)1 31)1
23) If air contains > 100 ppm of O3 , it causes
1) headache and nausca 2) hyper tension LEVEL - I (H.W) - HINTS
3) Anoxia 4) Hyper thyrodisim 10) H 2O  H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te
24. In the tailing of mercury ozone oxidises X to
Y. X and Y are respectively 11) Decomposition temperature of H 2O is 2273K
1) Hg, Hg(I)O 2) Hg, Hg(II)O 14) SO2  2 H 2O  H 2 SO4  2  H 
3) Hg(I)O, Hg(II)O 4) Hg(II)O, Hg(I)O
25) Oxidizing agent used in the manufacture 21) X is SO3
of KMnO4 is 24) 2Hg  O3  Hg 2O  O2
1) O3 2) O2 3) Cl2 4) Ag 2O
26) 3SO2  O3  3SO3
26) What volume of O2 is liberated when 3moles O

of SO2 reacts with sufficient volume of O3 HO S OH

31)
1) Zero 2) 2 Vol 3) 3 vol 4) 0.5 vol O
 GROUP 16TH ELEMENTS
JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II 16th GROUP ELEMENTS
HALIDES
LEVEL-II (C.W) 11. Which of the following is used as fluorinating
agent?
GENERAL PROPERTIES 1.SF6 2.SF4 3.S2Cl2 4.SF2
1. Sulphur melts to a mobile liquid at 119 C 0 12. Chemically inert halide of sulphur is
1.S2Cl2 2.SF4 3.SCl2 4.SF6
but becomes Viscous above 1600 C . It is due
13. Which of the following substances is used
to as the gaseous dielectric in high voltage
1. Molten sulphur exists as S8 at 1190 C transformers?
2. Puckered rings are cleaved above 160 C 0
1) SF4 2) SF6 3) SCl6 4) TeF6
3. Open chains tangle together forming viscous
sulphur OXOACIDS
4. All are correct 14. When SO 2 is passed through acidified
solution of H2S
OXIDATION STATES 1. H2SO3 is formed 2. H2SO4 is formed
2. The oxidation number of sulphur in Na2S4O6
3. Sulphur is precipitated 4. H2SO5 is formed
is
15. Commercial name of permonosulphuric acid
1. -2.5 2. +2.5 3. -10 4. +10
is
ALLOTROPIC FORMS 1.Marshall’s acid 2.Oleum
3. When molten sulphur is quenched, the 3.Fuming sulphuric acid 4.Caro’s acid
following is formed. 16. Pyrosulphuric acid may be synthesised by
1.Monoclinic sulphur 2.Rhombic sulphur
dissolving SO3 in
3.Crystex (plastic) 4. γ - sulphur
OXIDES 1) H 2O 2) H 2 SO3 3) H 2 SO4 4) H 2 S2O8
17. Which of the following has no S-S bond.
4. O22− is the symbol of ............. ion
1.H2S2O4 2.H2S2O5 3.H2S2O6 4.H2S2O7
1. Oxide 2. Super oxide
3. Peroxide 4. Monoxide OZONE
5. Bond angle in SO2 is nearly 18. O3 does not give ozonide with
1.119.50 2.900 3.1800 4.1090 28|
1. 2-Butene 2. Benzene
6. Which of the following contains pπ − dπ 3. 2-Pentyne 4. Neopentane
bonds 19. In which of the following ozone acts as
1. NO2 2. SO3 3. SO2 4.Both 2 and 3 reducing agent?
7. Which of the following oxides reacts with 1. BaO2 + O3 → BaO + 2O2
both HCl and NaOH ? 2. 2HCl + O3 → Cl2 + H2O + O2
1. CaO 2. ZnO 3. N 2O5 4. CO2 3. PbS + 4O3 → PbSO4 + 4O2
4. 2KI + O3 + H2O → 2KOH + I2 + O2
8. During bleaching action SO2 converts into
20. Ozone is a
1.SO3 2.H2SO3 3.H2SO4 4.H2S2O7
1. Mild oxidizing agent
9. FeCl3 solution on reaction with SO2 changes 2. Powerful oxidizing agent
to? 3. Powerful reducing agent
1) FeCl2 2) Fe2 ( SO4 )3 4. Mild reducing agent
3) Fe2 ( SO3 )3 4) FeSO4 21. Ozonisation of water is carried to remove
1. Bacterial impurities
10. The gases respectively absorbed by alkaline
2. Bad taste
pyrogallol and carbon tetrachloride are
3. Excess of chlorine present
1) O3 , CH 4 2) O2 , O3 3) SO2 , CH 4 4) N 2O4 , O3 4. Calcium and magnesium salts present in it
16th GROUP ELEMENTS JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II
22. List - I List - II 10. Alkaline pyrogallol & CCl4 absorbs O2, O3
A) O3 + H2O2 → 1)Blue
B) O3 + starch KI → 2)Tailing 11. SF4 is a good flourinating agent
C) O3 + Hg → 3)HIO3 12. SF6 is inert
D) O3 + I2 + H2O → 4) O2 + H2O
5) HI 13. SF6 is inert
The correct match is 15. Per mono sulphuric acid is also known as Caro’s
A B C D A B C D acid
1) 5 2 3 2 2) 4 1 2 3 17. H 2 S2O7 has S-O-S-bond
3) 1 4 3 2 4) 3 2 1 5
18. O3 does not give ozonides with alkane
23. Which one of the gas dissolves in H 2 SO4 to 19. BaO2 + O3 → BaO + 2O2.BaO2 reduces to BaO
give oleum?
20. O3 → O2 + (O )
1) SO2 2) H 2 S 3) S 2O 4) SO3
24. Which characteristic is not correct about 21. O3 is a disinfectant.
H 2 SO4 ? 24. In H 2 SO4 , the S atom is present in its highest
1. Reducing agent 2. Oxidising agent oxidation state of +6. Hence H 2 SO4 can
3. Sulphonating agent 4. Highly viscous
act an reducing agent
25. Sulphur trioxide is dissolved in heavy water
25. SO3 + D2O → D2SO4
to form a compound X. The hybridisation
In D2SO4, S - under goes SP3 hybridization
state of sulphur in X is
1. SP 2 2. SP 3 3. SP 4. dSP 2 26. H 2 SO4 + CaF2 → CaSO4 + 2 HF

26. What happens when H 2 SO4 added to CaF2

LEVEL-II (H.W)
1) Gives CaSO4 2) Gives HF
3) Gives 1 & 2 4) Gives CaHF2 GENERAL PROPERTIES
LEVEL-II (C.W) - KEY 1. Electron affinity order of chalcogens is
1) 3 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 1 6) 4 7) 2 1) S > Se > Te > O 2) O > S > Se > Te > Po
8) 3 9) 1 10) 2 11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 3 3) S > O > Se > Te > Po 4) O > Po > Te > Se > S
2. The chalcogen having same number of
15) 4 16) 3 17) 4 18) 4 19) 1 20) 2 21) 1
electrons both in penultimate and
22) 2 23) 4 24) 1 25) 2 26) 3 antipenultimate shells is
1) O 2) S 3) Se 4) Te
LEVEL-II (C.W) - HINTS
1. Cleaving of ring causes entangling & increases OXIDATION STATES
viscosity 3. Oxygen exhibits least oxidation state in
2. Na2S4O6 ⇒ 2(Na)+4(S)+6(O) 1) OF2 2) KO2 3) H2O 4) H2O2
2(+1)+4(x)+6(-2)=0 ⇒ x = 2.5 or 5/2 4. In a compound of sulphur, the sulphur atom
3. Molten sulphur gives plastic sulphur when is in second excited state. The possible
poured into water hybridisation of sulphur is
6. SO2 has One d π − pπ & SO3 has two 1) sp2 2) sp3
3 2
d π − pπ bonds. 2) sp d 4) sp2 (or) sp3 (or) sp3d2
7. ZnO is amphoteric (see oxides). ALLOTROPIC FORMS
8. SO2 + 2 H 2O → H 2 SO4 + 2 ( H ) 5. Magnetic nature of S 2 is similar to that of
9. 2FeCl3 + SO2 + 2H2O → 2FeCl2 + H2 SO4 + 2HCl 1) S8 2) S 6 3) O2 4) O3
JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II 16th GROUP ELEMENTS
HYDRIDES HALIDES
6. Among the following, the weakest conjugate 17. SF6 is exceptionally stable due to
base is 1) S - F Bond is strong
1) OH − 2) SH − 3) SeH − 4) TeH − 2) Steric reasons
3)Un Symmetrical geometry
OXIDES 4) Exothermic compound
7. BeO , Al2O3 , SnO2 , SiO2 , Sb2O3 , PbO are__ oxides 18. Number of planar atoms in SF is
6
1) Amphoteric oxides 2) Basic 1) 7 2) 6 3) 5 4) 4
3) Acidic 4) Neutral
OZONE
8. Which oxides are neutral 19. Regarding ozone the wrong statement is
1) NO 2) N 2O 3) CO 4) All 1) The bond angle is 1160491
9. Number of S–O–S bridges, no.of σ and π 2) O3 acts as both oxidant and reductant
3) O-O bond lengths are equal
bonds in cyclic trimer of SO3 4) It is paramagnetic
1) 3,12σ , 6π 2) 3,18σ , 6π 20. When O 3 is passed through an aqueous
solution of KI, the pH of the resulting solution
3) 2,12σ , 4π 4) 4,12σ ,3π is
10. In SO 2 two oxygen atoms are linked to the 1) 7 2) 6.8 3) 2.8 4) 10 -14
sulphur atom through double bonds. The two π 21. Which is a mutual reduction reaction ?
bonds are A) KMnO4 + O3 B) H2O2+ O3
1) both p π − p π 2) both p π − d π C) Ag2O + O3 D) KI + H2O + O3
1) A,B 2) A,C 3) A,D 4) B,C
3) both d π − d π 4) one d π − p π and one p π − p π
22. Which one of the following reactions does not
11. The number of S - S bonds in sulphur trioxide occur ?
trimer (S3O9) is 1) BaO + O3 → BaO2 + O2
1) Three 2) Two 3) One 4) Zero 2) PbS + 4O3 → PbSO4 + 4O2
H2O
12. S+2Cl 2 → X  → Y+HCl 3) H2O2 + O3 → H2O + 2O2
4) 2Hg + O3 → Hg2O + O2
Y → Z+H 2 O . Oxidation state of S in 'Z' is
1) +1 2) + 4 3) + 6 4) + 2 OXOACIDS
13. In OF2 molecule, the total number of bond 23. Which of the following has pπ − d π bonding
pairs and lone pairs of electrons present
1) NO3− 2) SO32 − 3) BO3− 4) CO3−
respectively are
24. Single bond between sulphur atoms is
1) 2,6 2) 2,8 3) 2, 10 4) 2, 9
pressent in
DIOXYGEN 1) H2S2O7 2)H2S2O8 3)H2S2O6 4)H2S2O3
14. Industrially O2 is obtained by 25. Number of hydorxyl groups present in
pyrosulphuric acid is
1) Fractional distillation of air 1) 3 2) 4 3) 2 4) 1
∆ ∆
2) KClO3  → 3) Ag 2O  → 26. LIST - 1 LIST-2 (OS of 'S')
4) Electrolysis of water A) H2SO4 1) + 4
B) H2(S)nO6 2) + 3
15. What volume of O2 is soluble in 100cm 3 of C) H2SO3 3) + 2, –2
water at 293 K. D) H2S2O4 4) + 6
5) + 5, 0
1)3.08cc 2) 30.8cm3 3) 1.02 cm3 4) 4.2 cm3
The correct match is
16. Which metals directly do not react with O2 A B C D A B C D
1) Au 2)Pt 3) Both 1&2 4) He, Ne 1) 2 5 2 4 2) 3 2 1 4
3) 4 5 1 2 4) 2 3 1 5
16th GROUP ELEMENTS JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II
SULPHURIC ACID
27. X and Y are anhydrides of sulphurous and
sulphuric acid respectively. The hybridisation
state and the shape of X and Y are 9.
X Y
2 2
1. sp , angular sp , tetrahedral
2
2. sp , angular sp2, angular
2
3. sp , angular sp2,planar triangular
4. sp3, planar sp3, planar 11.
28. An oxyacid of sulphur contained S = S
linkage and the oxidation number of S in it
is +6 and –2. It belongs to 12. S + 2Cl2 → SCl4
1) -ous series 2) -ic series
SCl4 + 4 H 2O → S (OH )4 + 4 HCl
3) peroxo series 4) thionic acid series
29. Which of the following statements regarding S (OH )4 → H 2 SO3 + H 2O
the manufacture of H2SO4 by Contact process
is not true ?
1) Sulphur is burnt in air to form SO2
2) SO2 is catalytically oxidised to SO3 13.
3) SO 3 is dissolved in water to get 100%
sulphuric acid 16. Noble metal do not react with oxygen.
4) H2SO4 obtained by Contact process is of 20. O3 + 2 KI + H 2O → 2 KOH + I 2 + O2
higher purity than that obtained by lead chamber
21. Both the reactants looses oxygen atoms
process.
30. A student accidently splashes few drops of 27. X = SO2 Y = SO3
conc. H2SO4 on his cotton shirt. After a while, PREVIOUS EAMCET QUESTIONS
the splashed parts blacken and the holes
1. What are the products formed when moist
appear. This has happened because sulphuric
acid chlorine gas is reacted with hypo?
1) Dehydrates the cotton with burning 1) Na2 SO4 , S , HCl 2) Na2 SO3 , S , HCl
2) Causes the cotton to react with air 3) Na2 S 4O6 , Na2 SO3 , HCl
3) Heats up the cotton
4) Removes the elements of water from cotton 4) Na2 S4O6 , NaCl , HCl
2. The oxoacid of sulphur which contains two
LEVEL-II (H.W) - KEY sluphur atoms in different oxidatiin states is
1) 1 2)4 3) 3 4) 4 5) 3 6) 4 7) 1 1) pyrosulphurous acid 2) Hyposulphurous acid
8) 4 9) 1 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1 3) pyrosulphuric acid 4) persulphuric acid
15) 1 16) 3 17) 2 18) 3 19) 4 20) 4 21) 4 3. Which reaction producese SO2
22) 1 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3 26) 3 27) 3 28) 2 1) 2 Na2 S5 + 3O2 ∆
→
air
29)3 30)1 ∆
2Na2 SO3 + S  →
2)
` LEVEL-II (H.W) - HINTS excess

3. In H 2O − 2 3) Na2 S2O3 + 2 HCl ( dil )

6. Strong acid conjugate base is weak 4) Na2 S2O3 + Cl2 + H 2O →
8 Neather react with acid (or) base
 JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II 16th GROUP ELEMENTS
4. The charring of sugar takes places when 5. The boiling points of H 2O, H 2 S , H 2 Se and
treated with con. H 2 SO4 . What is the type of H 2Te are in the following order
reaction involed in it”
1. H 2 O > H 2 S > H 2 Se > H 2Te
1) Addition reaction
2) Disproprotionation reaction 2. H 2 O > H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2 S
3) Dehydration reaction 4) Hydrolysis reaction 3. H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2 S > H 2 O
4. H 2 S > H 2O > H 2Te > H 2 Se
PREVIOUS QUESTION - KEY 6. In the laboratory H2S is prepared by the
1) 1 2) 1 3) 1 4) action of
1.Dil HCl on FeS 2. Dil H2SO4 on FeSO4
LEVEL-III 3.water on Al2S3 4. Water on FeS
7. The statements regarding hydrides of VIA
GENERAL PROPERTIES group elements are
i) The order of volatility
1. The sulphur molecule ( S8 ) can be
H 2O < H 2Te < H 2 Se < H 2 S
represented as a ii) The order of B.P
1. cubical structure
H 2O > H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2 S
2. spherical structure
iii) The order of bond angles
3. tetrahedral structure
4. Crown shape ring structure H 2O > H 2 S > H 2 Se > H 2Te
2. Which of the following statement is true The correct combination is
1) All are correct 2) Only i is correct
1) Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur are
3) ii & iii are correct 4) i & iii are correct
soluble in water
2) Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur are 8. Why H 2 S less acidic than H 2Te
soluble in carbon disulphide 1) Less dissociation enthalpy of H 2 S
3)Both rhombic and monoclinic sulphur are
2) More dissociation enthalpy of H 2 S
insoluble in carbon disulphide
4)Rhombic sulphur can be converted in to 3) Molecular weight of H 2 S is less
monoclinic sulphur but the revers is not possible. 4) Melting point of H 2 S is less
3. Which one of the following is wrong? 9. Oxyen is more eletrongative than sulphur,
1) Oxyg en and sulphur belong to the same group
yet H 2 S is acidic while H 2O in neutral.this
of periodic table
2)Oxyzen is a gas while sulphur is solid is because:
1)water is a highly associated compound
3)Both show +2, +4 and +6 oxidation states
−
2)H S bond is weaker than H O bond −
4) H 2 S has no hydrozen bonding. 3) H 2 S is a gas while H 2O is a liqiud
HYDRIDES 4)the molecular weight of H 2 S is more than that
4. Which one of the following is a correct set? of H 2O .
3
1. H 2O, SP , angular
OXIDES
2
2. H 2O, SP , linear 10. Cyclic trimer structure of SO3 contains:
+
3. NH 4 , dSP 2 , square planar − −
1)6 S == O bonds and three S O S bonds
− −
2)3 S == O bonds and six S O S bonds
4. CH 4 , dSP 2 , tetrahedral − −
3)6 S == O bonds and six S O S bonds
4) None of these
16th GROUP ELEMENTS JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II
11. Iron sulphide is heated in air to form A, an 20. Which of the following acids doesnot exists
oxide of sulphur. A is dissolved in water to in the free form ?
give an acid. The basicity of this acid is ? 1) H 2 SO2 2) H 2 S 2O3 3) H 2 SO3 4) H 2 SO4
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 1 (4) Zero
12. Which of the following equations represents 21. Assertion (A): Both H 2S 2O 2 and H 2S 2O 3
the oxidising action of sulphar dioxide. contains S = S bonds
Reason (R): ‘-ic’ acids are more Acidic than
1) 2 Fe 3 + + SO 2 + 2 H 2 O → 2 Fe 2 + + SO 42 − + 4 H +
‘ous’ acids
2) 3Fe + SO2 → 2 FeO + FeS The correct answer is
3) 2MnO4− + 2H 2O + 5SO2 → 2Mn2+ + 4H + + 5SO22− 1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
4) Cr2 O72 − + 2 H + + 3SO2 → 2C r 3+ 3SO42 − + H 2 O 2) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
13. Which of the following statements regarding explanation of A
sulphur dioxide is not true? 3) A is true but R is false
1) SO2 is an angular molecule 4) A is false but R is true
2) SO2 may be regarded as the resonance OXYGEN AND OZONE
hybrid of two canonical structures 22. Which compound on heating alone dose not
3) SO2 is anhydride of sulphuric acid form O2 ?
4) SO2 is anhydride of sulphurous acid 1) KClO4 2) KMnO4 3) KNO3 4) NH 4 NO2
14. One gas bleaches the colourof the flowers 23. Oxygen gas can be prepared from solid
by reduction while the other by oxodation. KMnO4 by: ?
The gases are:
(1) Treating the solid with H 2 gas.
1) CO and CO2 2) H 2 S and Br2
(2) Strongly heating the solid.
3) SO2 and Cl2 4) NH 3 and SO3 (3) Dissolving the solid in dil. H SO 2 4
15. SO2 gas can be identified by exposing it to the (4) Dissolving solid in dil HCL.
1) Glass rod dippend in conc HCl 24. Which of the following is not oxidised by O3
2) Filter paper dipped in acidified K 2Cr2O7
1)Kl 2) FeSO4 3) KMnO4 4) K 2 MnO4
3) Filter paper dipped in lead acetate solution
4) Glass rod dippend in NH4OH 25. Number of volumes of O2 formed when 3
volumes of Ozone decomposes
HALIDES 1.2 2.4.5 3.6 4.1.5
16. Mustard gas can be prepared by the reaction 26. Moist iodine reacts with ozone to form
of ethylene with
1. HI 2. HIO3 3. I 2O3 4. I 2O7
1.SF6 2.SF4 3.S2Cl2 4.SCl4
17. When cobalt trifluoride is treated with 27. O3 with KI solution produces
sulphur, the compound formed is
1. Cl2 2. I 2 3. HI 4. HIO3
1.SF6 2.SF4 3.S2F2 4.SF2
28. Which of the following statements regarding
OXOACIDS
−
ozone is not true?
18. The number of S S bonds in polythionic 1)Ozone is an allotrope of oxyzen
acid ( H 2 SnO6 ) 2)The ozone layer protects the earth’s surface
1) n 2) n -1 3) n - 2 4) None of these from an excessive concentration of harmful
19. Identify the correct sequence of increasing ultraviolet radiation
number of π bonds in structure of the 3)The conversation of oxyzen into ozone is an
following molecules exothermic process
i) H2S2O6 ii) H2SO3 iii) H2S2O5 4) Ozone is much more powerful oxidizing
1) i, ii, iii 2) ii, iii, i 3) ii, i, iii 4) i, iii, ii agent than molecular oxyzen.
 JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II 16th GROUP ELEMENTS
29. Ozone belongs to which groups of the 24) Mn in KMnO is already in + 7 ( highest O.S )
4
periodic table ?]
25) 2O3 → 3O2
1)IVA 2)VA 3)VIA 4)VIIA
2→3
30. Which aerosols deplete ozone
1) Smoke 2) NItrogen oxides 9
3→? ⇒ = 4.5
3) Freons 4) 2 and 3 2
26) I2 + H2O + 5O3 → 2HIO3 + 5O2
LEVEL-III - KEY
28) The conversion of O2 to O3 is an endothermic
1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1 5) 2 6) 1 7) 1
process
8) 2 9) 2 10) 1 11) 1 12) 2 13) 3 14) 3
29) Ozone is allotropic form of Oxygen. Oxygen
15) 2 16) 3 17) 2 18) 2 19) 2 20) 1 21) 2 belongs to VI group there fore Ozone also
22) 4 23) 2 24) 3 25) 2 26) 2 27) 2 28) 3 belongs to VI group.
29) 3 30) 4 PREVIOUS MAINS QUESTIONS
LEVEL-III - HINTS 1. Which of the following statements regarding
1) Puckered ring structure. sulphur is incorrect?
2) Conceptual 1) S 2 molecule is paramagnetic
3) Oxygen can’t show +4 and +6 oxidation states 2) The vapour at 2000 C consists mostly S8
due to absence of d-orbital.
rings
4) Water shows SP 3 hybridisation & is angluar due
3) At 6000 C , the gas mainly consists of S 2
to 2 bp and 2lp
molecules
5) H 2O > H 2Te > H 2 Se > H 2 S 4) The oxidation state of sulphur is never less
6) FeS + 2HCl(dil) → H2S + FeCl2 than +4 its compounds.
2. Which of the following is most easily
10) The trimer of SO3 ( S3O9 ) is
hydrolysed?
1) SF6 2) NF3 3) CCl4 4) TeF6
3. The correct statements (s) about O3 is/are:
1) O − O bond lengths are equal
2) O3 is a diamagnetic in nature
13) SO3 is the anhydride of sulphuric acid.
14) SO2+2H2O → H2SO4 + 2(H) 3) O3 has bent structure 4) All
Cl2 + H 2O → HCl + HOCl 4. Exces of PCl5 react with conc. H 2 SO4 giving:
1) sulphuryl chloride 2) sulphurous acid
HOCl → HCl + [O ] 3) chlorosulphonic acid 4) thionyl chloride
S2Cl2 + 2C2H4 → Cl-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-CH2-Cl+S 5. The element evoloving two different gasws
17) S + 4 CoF3 → SF4 + 4CoF2 on reaction with conc. H 2 SO4 is:
18) H 2 SnO6 has the structure 1) P 2) C 3) Hg 4) S .
6. The order of increasing size of atomic radii
among the elements O,S,Se and As
1) As<S<O<Se 2) Se<S<As<O
3) O<S<As<Se 4) O<S<Se<As
∆
22) NH 4 NO2  → N 2 + 2 H 2O PREVIOUS MAINS - KEY
23) 2KMnO4 → K 2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 1) 4 2) 4 3) 4 4) 1 5) 2 6) 4
16th GROUP ELEMENTS JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
LEVEL-IV
1) S-I and S-II are correct and S-II is correct
1. List - I List - II explanation of S-I
A)O3 1) Turns benzidine paper to brown 2) S-I and S-II are correct and S-II is not correct
B) Hypo 2) Turns anhydrous CuSO4 to blue explanation of S-I
C) H2O 3) Voilet colour with FeCl3 3) S-I is correct and S-II is not correct
4) S-I is not correct and S-II is correct
D) H2S 4) orange yellow colour with
chromic salts 5. S-I : Conc. H2SO4 is a low volatillity and
5) Rotten egg smell viscos nature acid
The correct match is S-II : It is due to Hydrogen bonding
A B C D A B C D 6. S-I : Number of peroxide bonds in permono
1) 3 2 1 4 2) 1 3 2 5 and perdisulphuric acid are 1 and 2
3) 2 4 3 5 4) 5 2 1 4 respectively
2. List - I List - II S-II : Both are dibasic and permonosulphuric
A) SO3 1) 119.50, Angular acid does not exist in free state but its salts
B) SO2 2) 1090. 281, tetrahedron are reducing agent where as perdisulphuric
C) H2O 3) 1200, Trigonal planar acid salts are oxidant
D) O3 4) 1040. 30| angular 7. S-I : Elements of oxygen family are not
5) 116. 50 Angular capable of forming pπ − pπ bonds with
The correct match is other elements of smaller size like C, N etc
A B C D A B C D S-II : Only oxygen possess this property to
1) 2 1 4 5 2) 5 2 1 3 show multiple bonding
3) 3 1 4 5 4) 1 3 2 4 8. S-I : SF4 and SeF4 are used as fluorinating
3 List - I List - II agent
A) H2SO4 1)Antichlor S-II : The conversion of -COOH to -CF3, C=O
B) Hypo 2) Bleaches by reduction to CF2 and P = O to PF2 can be made by SF4
C) O3 + C2N2 3) Anti freeze or SeF4
D) moist SO2 4) Rocket fuel 9. S-I : O3 whenever used as oxidising agent
5) Lead batteries essentially liberates O2
The correct match is
A B C D A B C D S-II : 3SnCl2 + 6 Hcl + O3 → 3SnCl4 + 3H 2O is
1) 5 1 4 2 2) 4 1 3 2 possible reaction showing oxidising nature of
3) 1 3 2 5 4) 4 5 1 3 O3
4. List - I List - II 10. S-I : Bleaching action of SO2 is temporary
and by reduction
A) S8 + NaOH → 1) Mustard gas
S-II : The colour of material is regained due
B) C2 H 4 + S2Cl2 → 2) H2SO4 to oxidatin by air
C) S + F2 → 3) Na2S2O3 11. S-I : Cyclic trimer of SO3 possesses have six
D) SCl4 + H 2O → 4) SF6 membered heterocyclic chains made-up of S
and O-atoms
5) H 2 SO3 + HCl
S-II : Cyclic trimer of SO3 is reffered as
The correct match is
γ − SO3
A B C D A B C D
1) 3 1 4 5 2) 3 2 1 4 12. S-I : H2SO4 has high viscosity and high b.pt
3) 2 4 5 3 4) 5 2 1 4 S-II : H2SO4 shows storng H-bonding
 JEE-MAIN-SR-CHEM-VOL-II 16th GROUP ELEMENTS
13. When sulphur is boiled with Na 2SO 3, a 17. Which of the following pairs contains
compound (A) is produced. (A) with excess amphoteric oxides ?
of AgNO3 solution gives a compound (B) 1) BeO, BaO 2) BeO, Al2O3
which is water soluble and p[roduces a black 3) Al2O3, P2O5 4) FeO, CuO
coloured sulpjide (C). Compounds (A), (B) 18. Which of the following oxides is
and (C) will be respectively : paramagnetic in nature ?
1) Na2 S2 O3 , Ag 2 S2 O3 , Ag 2 S 1) KO2 2) BaO2 3) H2O 4) CO2
2) Na2 SO4 , Ag 2 SO4 , Ag 2 S MCQ WITH MULTI ANSWER
3) Na2 S2 O7 , Ag 2 SO4 , Ag 2 S TYPE QUESTIONS
4) Na2 SO5 , Ag 2 SO5 , Ag 2 SO4 19. Select the correct statements about oxygen
molecule
COMPREHENSIVE PASSAGE-I 1) It is paramagnetic
The binary compounds of oxygen with other 2) It is bond order is two
elements are called oxides. They are classified 3) In liquid state it is blue coloured
either depending upon their acid-base 4) It has two unpaired electrons
characteristics or on the basis of oxygen 5) All the above
content.
20. SO2 acts as ;
(a) Normal oxides : These oxides which contain
toxygenatoms as permitted by the normal 1) Bleaching agent 2) oxidising agent
oxidation number, i.e., -2. Normal oxide may 3) Redusing agent 4) disinfectant
be acidic, basic, amphoteric or neutral. 5) All the above
(b) Polyoxides : The oxides which cotain oxygen 21. Sulphuric acid can be used as
atoms different than those permitted by the 1) Hygrosco[pic agnet 2)Oxidising agent
normal oxidation number of -2. 3) Sulphonating agent 4) All
* Peroxides : Two oxygen atoms are linked to 22. Select the correct statements about
each other oxygen has -1 oxidation number. Na2S2O3.5H2O :
They contain (O-O)2- unit. 1) It is also called as hypo
* Superoxides : These oxides contai (O-O)-1 unit, 2) It is used in photography to from complex
i.e., each O-atom has oxidation number -1/2. with AgBr
* Suboxides : These contain low content of 3) It can be used as antichlor
oxygen than expected. 4) It is used to remove stains of I2
* Mixed oxides : These oxides are made of two 5) All the above
simpler oxides. 23. Which reagent does not give oxygen as one
14. Which pair of species is referred to as of the product during oxidation with ozone ?
suboxides ? 1) SO2 2) SnCl2 / HCl
1) CO, NO 2) SO2, CaO 3) H2S 4) both 1 & 2
3) N2O, CO 4) N2O, C3O2 24. Peroxo acids of sulphur are ;
15. Which of the following pairs contains neutral 1) H2SO4 2) H2SO5
oxides ? 3) H2SO8 4) Both 2 & 3
1) SO2, SO3 2) N2O3, N2O5
3) CO, NO 4) Na2, CaO LEVEL-IV - KEY
16. Which of the following pairs contains mixed 1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 1 5) 1 6) 4 7) 2
oxides ? 8) 3 9) 4 10) 2 11) 1 12) 1 13) 1 14) 4
1) Pb3O4, Fe3O4 2) MnO2, BaO2 15) 3 16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 19) 5 20) 5 21) 4
3) KO2, NaO2 4) Mn3O4, N2O5
22) 5 23) 4 24) 4