GTS 161 - TUTORIAL 3 ASSIGNMENT – 2020

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS PIERCE CHAPTER 3 P 74-78

11. How is the goodness-of-fit chi-square test used to analyze genetic crosses? What does the probability
associated with a chi-square value indicate about the results of a cross?

41. In the California poppy, an allele for yellow flowers (C) is dominant over an allele for white flowers
(c). At an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals (F) is dominant over an allele for
fringed petals (f). A plant that is homozygous for yellow and entire petals is crossed with a plant that
is white and fringed. A resulting F1 plant is then crossed with a plant that is white and fringed, and
the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed, 53 white and entire,
and 10 white and fringed.

a. Use a chi-square test to compare the observed numbers with those expected for the cross.
b. What conclusion can you make from the results of the chi-square test?
c. Suggest an explanation for the results.

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS: PIERCE CHAPTER 4 P102-108

7. How does sex determination in Drosophila differ from sex determination in humans?

9. What characteristics are exhibited by an X-linked trait?

11. What characteristics are exhibited by a Y-linked trait?

12. Explain why tortoiseshell cats are almost always female and why they have a patchy distribution of
orange and black fur.

13. What is a Barr body? How is it related to the Lyon hypothesis?

15. What is the sexual phenotype of fruit flies having the following chromosomes?

Sex chromosomes Autosomal chromosomes Sexual phenotype

c. XO All normal
e. XYY All normal
g. XXX All normal
i. XXX Four haploid sets

17. For each of the following chromosome complements, what is the phenotypic sex of a person who has
c. XO with a copy of the SRY gene on an autosomal chromosome?
d. XXY with the SRY gene deleted?
e. XXYY with one copy of the SRY gene deleted

35. Red–green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. Polydactyly (extra fingers and
toes) is an autosomal dominant trait. Martha has normal fingers and toes and normal color vision. Her
mother is normal in all respects, but her father is color blind and polydactylous. Bill is color blind and
polydactylous. His mother has normal color vision and normal fingers and toes. If Bill and Martha
marry, what phenotypes and proportions of children can they produce?

42. A woman with normal chromosomes mates with a man who also has normal chromosomes.
a. Suppose that, in the course of oogenesis, the woman’s sex chromosomes undergo nondisjunction
in meiosis I; the man’s chromosomes separate normally. Give all possible combinations of sex
chromosomes that this couple’s children might inherit and the number of Barr bodies that you would
expect to see in each of the cells of each child.

1
 b. What chromosome combinations and numbers of Barr bodies would you expect to see if the
chromosomes separate normally in oogenesis, but nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes takes place
in meiosis I of spermatogenesis?

THINK-PAIR-SHARE QUESTIONS

2. Most organisms with XX-XY chromosomes have a pseudoautosomal region, a portion of the X and Y
chromosomes that is homologous. Would you predict that organisms with ZZ-ZW sex chromosomes
have pseudoautosomal regions of homology between Z and W chromosomes? Explain your answer.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

1. In the Red Winged pigeon, a red allele at a single gene is responsible for the production of red feathers.
Theoretically, red pigment can show different modes of inheritance and this is illustrated by the
phenotypic results in the table below. All of the crosses were between pure-breeding males and pure-
breeding females.
For each of the crosses, complete the following table by providing the mode of inheritance of the red
allele illustrated by each of these crosses. Also provide all the possible genotypes that could be
responsible for the colour patterns seen in the parents, F1 and F2 progeny for all crosses.

Cross 1 Cross 2 Cross 3

Mode of inheritance

P1 Red ♂ x white ♀ Red ♂ x white ♀ White ♂ x red ♀

Genotypes _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

F1 ♂: all white _____ ♂: all white _____ ♂: all white _____

Genotypes ♀: all white _____ ♀: all red _____ ♀: all red _____
♂: 3 white : 1 red ♂: 1 white : 1 red
♂: all white : ♀: all red
F2 _____ _____ _____ _____
_____ _____
Genotypes ♀: 3 white : 1 red ♀: 1 white : 1 red
_____ _____ _____ _____

2. In rabbits, fur colour can be either grey, black or blotchy. Blotchy is present as grey and black spots
present in no specific pattern. Males are almost always either grey or black, while females can be
grey, black or blotchy. However, a male individual is found that shows the blotchy pattern, and you
expect a non-disjunction event might be to blame. Explain the inheritance of coat colour in rabbits,
and also provide an explanation for the blotchy male.

3. Miniature wings (Xm) in Drosophila result from an X-linked allele that is recessive to the allele for long
wings (X+).
a) Give the genotypes of the parents in the following cross.
Male parent Female parent Male offspring Female offspring
Long Long 231 long : 250 miniature 560 long
Genotype(s)

4. Red–green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Free earlobes is a dominant trait (E), while
the recessive allele (e) results in attached earlobes. Susan has normal color vision and attached
earlobes, but her father is color blind with free earlobes. Susan marries Bob, who has normal color
vision and free earlobes. Bob’s mother has normal colour vision and attached earlobes.
a. What is the probability that Susan and Bob will have a child that is color-blind?
b. Susan and Bob is expecting their first child, a daughter. What is the probability that she will be
heterozygous at the earlobe locus?
c. The first daughter is named Betty, and she is heterozygous for both the earlobe gene and the
colourblind gene. If Betty marries a man with normal color vision and attached earlobes, what is the
probability that they will have a daughter with normal vision and attached earlobes?