ANALYTICAL REASONiNG 123

Evaluating Inferences
122
Id be justifiable and universally _
. lion you make shou their children.
ples.) . ·. well-off.
condition1sthattheass~p 5.4 fior soJDeexam th h l of some key words used m Conc lusio ns: All parents these days are very
I.
n
table (Refer to sectioinfere opment
accep · nce with e e P . . IL Parents have an obsessive passion for a perfect devel
I You can also evaluate an of their children through good,schoo liiig.
)j . s "defin itely true" and "probably true", _
11 • the passage. brick
\
• To avoid confusion between the c mce .
t10ntyg you
have
can be
made
emplo
to evaluate the
yed to avoid a
V· Statement s : I. Mod houses are cooler in summers than stone-and-
houses.
ou should check if the extra asswnp
stra e ,._ I "
Y . . all true
inference 1s uruvers Y . · 11
The same• false" and "probably ,a se . II. Mud houses are occupied by the poor only.
1 "data inadequate", le in swnmers than the rich.
confusion between the choices def.init~,Y b bly true" and the inference as Conclusions : I. Poor people are more comfortab
• To avoid conti,lsion betwe en the choice s pro a ption to take
ll. Stone-and-brick house s are more sophisticated than mud
ption the answer
check if it is possible to make an extra ass: extra assum houses.
a could be used to avoid confu sion usually do not go to eminent
"probably true". lf you can make a reason 4. Statement : Patients with minor ailments
would be " roba_ bl true". The same ~trate iJ!ad •te"
doctors.
r em,·
vc discussed deriving j
row, is nothing but a set of I n. Their charges are
5. State ment : The use ofnon.,conventio
uestion could be one when we
the energ y crisis in the wor14,-
est. ia-0ur stud;materiaJ we have repJacin _7,11
Conc lusio ns : I. Modern technology is gradually
that ~leQ ' folJow from the statements
rerr,s sources of energy.
~ib at;tbUowl\itb ~ightly lesser probability II. The excessive exploitation o f ' ~
plcrfflSion ofthe question could be one where you tion of conventional sources of energy.
iili was definitely ~ or not. lead to the.ceunlry's
6. State ment : The increase in adult literacy will
·on of1- type of questions discussed ment and progress.
· ·,· O
ye,wiad onfy one single statement ance to new i ~ .
Conc lusio ns : I. The educated persons offer less resist
nitely true ip/erences. Such type of II. The coun try's population is totally illiter ate.
. in Ex. SB, Ex. SC IUDS made bJ a t ~
I 7. State ment : a one-day cricket match, the toeaI
In
200. Out of these 160 runs were made by spinners.
• :11 follows'' nm:rs .
bo.bly true Conc lusio ns: I. 80% of the team consists ofspi
II. The opening batsmen were spinners.
oU . edi ng~ "9li
inadequate" would also 8. Stat.ement : The doctors nursed only those ble
course, "definitely false" and "probably false" and "data - -- - -eause&-by-buJlets~ -patie n~ was b l~~el
come in the category of"does not follow ". the docto rs. , ·
Conc lusio ns : I. X was nursed by
Type I: Exercise SA Il. The doctors did not nurse X.
pient or two newspapers, their entertain-
Directions: lo eac~ of the following questions, a state 9. Statement : Apart from the educational value of
"ive answe r (a) if I · I.- II
cone us1on 10 ows; ment value should also be realised.
I are . followed .by.two conclus1ons• Y
(d) if eithe r I or II means-of education.
l., .
I
(b) if c~nclus1on_ Il f~Uows; (c) if both I and Il foUow ;
• Conclusions : I. People take newspapers to be a
fo,jlo,ys, and (e) 1f neither I nor n follow s. II. The enter tainm ent value of news papers is reali$ed properly.

I
persons who were on th e Wat·un · Ii bad.
:t ' · , l. Statement: Ten
v rese ,; . th · g st could finally get berth JO. Statement : These apples are too expensive to be
1 "-
1:auon ID e Frontier Mail. apple s are in short suppl y, the prices go up.
.
erall fin . . Conclusions : I. When
Conclusions: I. Wait-listed pas.5engers quality of the
reserva•;o · th F g~nr Mail Y d it difficult to get berth II. The higher the seUing price, the super ior is the
. ./ ·
( " n m e ronbe I' commodity .
11. The number of berths availabl ." I I. Statement : In deserts, camels are indispensab
le for peopl e to travel from
2. State ment : Parents are prepared to a e •~ the Fronti~r Mail is small.
p Yany pnce for an elite education to one place to anoth er.
 ANALYTJCAL REASONING Evaluating Inferences
124 125

• I c 1 the 0 nly cheapest mode of transport available in 20 . Stat~ment : Video libraries are flourishing very much these days.
Conclusions : . ame s are ·
deserts. Conclusions : I. People in general have got a video craze.
\ , .,. II. There are plenty of camels in deserts._ _ , , '\ . I II_. It is much cheaper to see as many movies as one likes on
1
~- ..- 12A tatement ; Ofalt ·the television sets manufactured m India, the solar -J· videos rather than go to the cinema hall.
· \ .:7 - brand has the largest sale. 21 . Statement : About 50 percent of animal by-products - hair, skin, horns
J Conclusions :: 1. The volume of sales of all the brands of television sets etc. - is edible protein. American chemists have developed a
manufactured in India is known. method of isolating 45 per cent of this protein. They u_se an
II. Toe production of no other television set i n India is as ,large enzyme developed in Japan to break down Soya protein.
as that of 'solar'. Conclusions : I. Americans have not been able to develop enzymes.
13. Statements : I. The T V programmes telecast specially for wom~n are II. Animal by-products protein has the same composition as
packed with a variety of # ipes and household hints. . Soya protein.
n. A ma·or rtion ofma ·nes for ~ omen also contams 22. Statement : Domestic demand has been increasing faster than th~ duc-
.... n a;lime,cl above. r tion of indigenous crude oil. ,s,J • .. J
.. Women are not interested in ofhedhings. C onclusions : I. Crude oil must be imported.
n. An average woman•s primary interest lies in home and II. Domestic demand should be .reduced.
specially .in the kitchen. 23. Statement: He stressed the need to stop the present examination system
14. Statement : Cases of bride-burning for dowry are not uncommon. and replace it by other methods which would measure the real
Coaelusioas ; L In spite of anti-dowry laws, the ill practice continues. merit of the students.
ll. The punishment inflicted on the party concerned is not suffi- Conclusions : I. Examinations should be abolished.
cient. II. The present examination systeJD does not measure the real
IS. Statement: Players who break various records in a fair way get special merit of the student.
prizes. Player X broke the world record but was found to be 24. Statement: The oceans are a storehouse of practically every l'nineral,
W¥00

---~ite
under the influence of a prohibited drug. including uranium. But like most other minerall.it is in
uslans: L X will get the special prize. extremely low concentrations - about three graQIS far 1000
II. X will not get the speciaJ prize. tonnes of water.
of the claim oftbe government that terrorism is under Conclusions: I. Sea water contains gold
~ killiog continues. ,.i: \ IL The oceans harbour ~ation bamds.
: J. 1be lamrists have not come to an understanding with the \ , .:5. Statement : I know ~o~g except~ fact ofm, ign~ .
~ Conclusions : I. The wnter s knowledge IS very
t bas betn cons d tellin a ie. II. The world o led is too
17. Statement : NatioaalAlumin ium Company has moved India from a person.
position of shortage to self-sufficiency in the metal. 26. Statement : The devil can cite scripture for his purpose.
I Conclusions : I. Previously, India had to import aluminum. Conclusions : I. Even an unscrupulous person has some principles.
II. With this speed, it can soon become a foreign exchange II. The real wisdom is to be found in scriptures.
1 ea.mer. . 27. Statements : I. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and
·•· ' · , 18. Statement : Smo~g is one of those.human weaknesses wnich tends to test writing an exact man.
1 . the W
_ IU-po~er of the smoker to the edge. II. Extensive reading makes a complete man.
Conclusions : I. It 1s very difficult for the smokers to give up smokin even if Conclusions : I. Pointed and precise expression comes only through extensive
they want to do so. g writing.
II. Human beings have other weaknesses as w.eli. n. Extensive reading makes a complete man.
19. Statement : No- country is absolutely self-depen d ent these days 28. Statement : Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to
• -
C oneIusaons : 1. It 1s 101possible to grow and prod II th · alter it every six months.
IT . uce a at a country needs
. Countrymen m general have become lazy. . Conclusions : I. Fashion designers do not understand people' s mind very well .
 ANALYTICAL REAS ONIN G Evaluating Inferences
126
127
11. People by and large are highly suscep tible to novel
ty. II The P .
. 29. Statem ent : Old·or der chang eth yie · Id .
mg PIac e to new ·
· nme M.1mster
·
does not encou rage his colleagues to
render their own views.
,·._: •Conc lusion s : I. Chang e is the law of nature .
IL Discar d old ideas becau se they are old. .
.• · d
JO. Statem ent : All those politic al pnson ers were release d on bail w 110 1ia Type II: Exercise SB
.. .
gone to jail for reason s other th'."1 poht1cal dha mas. 8 1 ~irect ions: In each questi on below is given a passa
a1 was ge followed
not grante d to persons involv ed 11~ murde rs . by sevna l infere nces. You have to exami ne each
infere nce separ ately in
Concl usion s : I. No political prison er had conum tted the conte xt of the passa ge and decide upon its degre
murder. e of truth or falsity .
II. Some politician~ were not arrested. . . M_a rk answe r (1) if you think the infere nce is 'defin
JI. Statem ent : Crime is a functi on of the crimin al's itely true';
biolog ical make- up a nd ~2) if y~u think the infere nce is ' proba bly true' thoug
h not defini tely true
his family relatio ns. '.n the hght of the facts given; (3) if you think the
. . 'data are inade quate ' ,
Concl usion s : I. The incide nce of crime is higher in 1.e., from the facts given you canno t say wheth er the
identical twins than 111 infere nce is likely to
be true or false; (4) if yo u think the infere nce · '
proba bly false' thoug h
Im

ome shared by top 10 per

35. Passage
en an economy grows fast, concentration of wealth in
India and other develo ping counuics..wb,i,

3§:
cedain packets ofpopulation takes p]ace.
It ltl: national income is 1.UlevenJy distrbuted in India.
•~ as the enemy ofthe best.
ment to the upgra dation of labou r standa ms, --~•-ajl""li!il•,•
link international trade, not only with labou rstand ards,
.....
C• :). You shoul d be good to your best enemy. menta l conce rns and huma n rights. The move was set afeotG
B!lle III a 11• Ii
. The best do not like the good conclu sion of the Urugu ay Round of trade negot iatiam
wjlh ~ - -

ii= or
'4: iNlliM d~"fhe essenc e one-d ay cricke t is the ability to score inclus ion of a social clause in the World Trade Orgaa
runs fast itlatie n (WTO ), ilucfl
• to bowl with a mixtu re of control and aggre ssion which, succe eds GATI. Later, on stiff oppos ition to the mo-.o
nith~ p,nmd 4bat the
adroid y bandle.!I, can tie the opponents hand and foot. matte r did not fa)] in the area of trade, a proposal was moobM
l far the inllDSIOD
of a social clause in ILO.
he won the Prudential Cup for India in 1983,
1. India has been sidelin ed on the issue oflinkiDwintemat
all qualities. llQI I,_.. .,_
labour .
which ~cip ated in the Prude nti~l touma - 2. The effort s oflink ing international trade wilh
developed countries.
Conc lusion s : 1. Your life will be dull if you don ' t
~ lll&i 1 ~~, rcountries"appenr"tomnmtecfttrthe-caase Of' apg1adatiomrrl
ab
face a proble m.
IL To escap e from proble ms, y ou should alway s have standa rds.
some 4. The Urugu ay Round conclu ded succes sfully .
soluti ons with you.
36. State ment : In a higWy centra lised power structu 5. India claim s that eavirorm1ental issue and trade are
re, in which even senior uncorr elated .
cabine t minist ers are prepar ed to reduce .Viemselves to
pathet ic Passa ge
yes-m en airing views that are prima rily· intend ed to
a ntic ipate India has signed two separa te agreem ents with the USA
or reflec t the Prime Minis ter' s own perfor mance s, there an_d ~e EC.
can be This brings to a satisfa ctory conclu sion the _Marke
no place for any conse nsus that is quite differ ent from t Acces s Cooc1hat100s m
real or te xtiles which had been in progre ss for some time. These
contri ved unani mity of opinio n, expres sed throug h d1scuss1ons we~ held
a well-o r- with a view to facilit ating trade in textile produ cts betwe
chestr ated endor semen t of the leader 's action s. en lnd1a and the U~A
a nd EU countr ies. At presen t, more than two-th irds
Conc lusion s : I. The minist ers play safe by not giving of India' s total texttle
anti-g overn ment views . expor ts go to these countr ies. 1)1ese agreem ents which
came into forc~ /i::i
Dec. 31 , J994, prior to the estab! ishme nt of the WTO
provid e very sigru