A NSWERS TO O DD -N UMBERED

P ROBLEMS

Chapter 1 21. See Figure ANS–2.

1. 6 electrons; 6 protons
0
3. (a) insulator (b) semiconductor (c) conductor
5. Four
–32.5 V
7. Conduction band and valence band
䊱 FIGURE ANS–2
9. Antimony is a pentavalent material. Boron is a trivalent mate-
rial. Both are used for doping.
11. No. The barrier potential is a voltage drop. 23. Vr = 8.33 V; VDC = 25.8 V
25. 556 mF

Chapter 2 27. Vr(pp) = 1.25 V; VDC = 48.9 V

29. 4%
1. p region
31. See Figure ANS–3.
3. To generate the forward bias portion of the characteristic
curve, connect a voltage source across the diode for forward
bias and place an ammeter in series with the diode and a volt- +0.7 V
0
meter across the diode. Slowly increase the voltage from zero
and plot the forward voltage versus the current.
–10 V
5. (a) reversed-biased (b) forward-biased
䊱 FIGURE ANS–3
(c) forward-biased (d) forward-biased
7. (a) -3 V (b) 0 V (c) 0 V (d) 0 V
33. See Figure ANS–4.
9. See Figure ANS–1.

0
(a)
4.3 V
–9.3 V

0 +9.3 V
(b)
(a)
0
0 0
(c)
– 49.3 V –12.3 V
(b) +6.3 V
(d)
䊱 FIGURE ANS–1 0

0
(e)
11. 63.7 V –6.3 V
13. 24 V rms 12.3 V
15. (a) 1.59 V (b) 63.7 V (c) 16.4 V (d) 10.5 V (f)
0
17. 186 V
䊱 FIGURE ANS–4
19. 78.5 V
932 ◆ A NSWERS TO O DD -N UMBERED P ROBLEMS

35. See Figure ANS–5. 67. Diode shorted

69. Diode open
+0.7 V +0.7 V 71. Diode shorted
0 0
– 0.7 V – 0.7 V 73. Diode open
(a) (b) 75. Reduced transformer turns ratio
䊱 FIGURE ANS–5
77. Diode leaky
79. Load resistor open
37. (a) 7.86 mA (b) 8.5 mA
(c) 18.8 mA (d) 19.4 mA Chapter 3
39. (a) A sine wave with a positive peak at +0.7 V, a negative 1. See Figure ANS–7.
peak at -7.3 V, and a dc value of -3.3 V.
(b) A sine wave with a positive peak at +29.3 V, a negative Zener equivalent
peak at -0.7 V, and a dc value of +14.3 V. 7.5 V
5⍀
(c) A square wave varying from +0.7 V down to -15.3 V, – +
with a dc value of -7.3 V. ZZ
VZ
(d) A square wave varying from +1.3 V down to -0.7 V,
with a dc value of +0.3 V.
䊱 FIGURE ANS–7
41. 56.6 V
43. 100 V
3. 5 Æ
45. 50 Æ
5. 6.92 V
47. VA = +25 V; VB = +24.3 V; VC = +8.7 V; VD = +8.0 V
7. 14.3 V
49. Rsurge is open. Capacitor is shorted.
9. See Figure ANS–8.
51. The circuit should not fail because the diode ratings exceed
the actual PIV and maximum current.
≈12.3 V
53. The rectifier must be connected backwards.
55. 177 mF
0
57. 651 mÆ (nearest standard 0.68 Æ) –0.7 V
59. See Figure ANS–6. 䊱 FIGURE ANS–8
61. VC1 = 170 V; VC2 = 338 V
63. Diode open 11. 10.3%
65. Diode shorted 13. 3.13%

1.0 ⍀
1200 μ F
+9 V

–9 V
90

1.0 ⍀
1200 μ F

All 1N4001

䊱 FIGURE ANS–6