MONTES, Tracy Lianne Marie P.

Colonial Philippines 2
BA History 2-3 Prof. Jasper Christian L. Gambito

Using the table below, discuss how the Filipinos reacted when the Americans occupied the Philippines.
Use the source provided for analyzing the causes which led to the reactions.

REACTION/S CAUSE/S

LUZON Aguinaldo established the After his return from exile,

revolutionary government to Aguinaldo and his revolutionary
address the peace and order government shortly reiterated
situation in the Philippines. fight the Declaration of
for freedom and independence Independence. The open and
against the Spaniards. The straightforward warning from
revolutionary Congress was the American command to fire
convened in Malolos, Bulacan on any Filipino "insurgent" who
on September 15, 1898. It is also crossed the American designated
known as the Malolos boundary ultimately erased any
Constitution. He established the doubt from the Filipino mind
Philippines as a revolutionary that their alliance was over.
government since this was the
only way he persuade the The American business sector
Filipinos to fight for freedom aspired to purchase the
and independence against the Philippine Islands because they
Spaniards. believed it would be a fantastic
stepping stone in the "lucrative
The Compromise Option Asian Trade," as stated in
(Luzon) Bradstreet, an American
magazine, which suggested that
After the refusal of peace Manila is under American
overtures, the Filipino authority might challenge
government under Aguinaldo British Hong Kong as a trade
commenced war against distribution center.
American control during the
"military phase" of the Furthermore, the lack of Filipino
American administration. involvement in the formal
Throughout the conflict, Capitulation to American
Filipinos determinedly fought Authorities on August 14, 1898,
from Manila up to Northern certainly stimulates the
Luzon and down to the Bicol Aguinaldo government to
Peninsula, Visayas, and undertake democratic steps to
Mindanao. take any American efforts to
discredit the Filipino struggle in
The Filipinos were determined fighting for independence and to
to fight against Americans in lend credibility to the Kawit
different areas, However, war declaration of Philippine
efforts were neutralized by the independence. Americans
equally substantial sector opting believed that the Filipino people
 for accepting the offer of the
first commission and
re-organized themselves. They
were not in agreement with
Aguinaldo’s beliefs.
were incapable and unable to
govern themselves, and even for
implement enlightened reforms,
due to their primitive/uncivilized
and barbaric culture.

After the “Battle of Manila”

happened on August 14, 1898.
The Filipino Christians led the
San Juan Bridge incident which
was the first event that happened
on February 4, 1899, during the
first event of the
Filipino-American war. It was
the war involving the Christian
Filipinos who saw the
immediate threat of American
presence in the Philippines.
They led to war and highlighted
the initial and fundamental role
of the Katipunan revolution
initiate battle against the
Americans.

VISAYAS The Compromise Option It is because of the

(Visayas) establishment of the First
Philippine Commission or
The revolutionary struggle known as, Schurman
continued through messianic or Commission, in Filipinos opted
nativistic movements from 1899 to accept the American rule and
to 1907 dissolve their own government
under the new administration
Filipinos left the struggle to a which was aided by Macabebe
few remaining Filipino and Tinguianes, the opposition
revolutionaries to continue in to the revolutionist.
Samar and the Tagalog Region.
As a matter of fact, Negros had
chosen to immediately
relinquish it in 1899 to accept
American sovereignty.
Eventually, the Filipinos gave up
when they realized they have no
power to resist the Americans
because of their growing
strength back then.
MINDANAO The Compromise Option The Moro Rebellion was
(Mindanao) initiated between 1899 and 1913
when the Moro resisted the
The conflict involved the Moros domination of Americans in
of Mindanao, who fought the Mindanao to establish a civil
Americans until 1913. The government. The massacre of
Moros never participated in the Bud Bagsak was led by Gen.
Nationalist Army. Instead, they John Pershing who earned a
battled independently and name in military history and
furiously. subsequently a promotion ahead
of his superiors.
The resistance of Muslim
leaders in Lanao and Cotobato Their armed resistance was
lasted up to 1906 and 1912 diminished. It is because the
respectively. Muslim leaders collaborated
with the Americans for their
However, like the Filipino political agendas and benefits.
resistance in the North, Muslim
rebels lost their strength in The Americans had the strategy
resisting American soldiers. to keep them neutralized in the
Muslim leaders diluted Muslim Philippine-American war
armed struggles. In effect, the
military government ruled in the
Muslim South until 1913, when
the "Moro Province" was
abolished and civil government
was instituted thereafter.

Afterward, much of the Moro

Leadership surrendered on
March 22, 1915. Leaders
including Sultan Jamalul Kiram
II signed the agreement with the
Americans recognizing the
acceptance of US sovereignty.