Izdrada modela za CNC mašine:

program za 3d modelovanje ArtCAM (ne proizvodi se vise, zadnja verzija 2018)

Proizvođač CNC mašina u Srbiji:

https://emaxcnc.com/cnc-masine/

https://arpel.rs

13.06.2016., 01:24#5

gile23 

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CNC operater je fizikalac. Uzmi pripremak (polufabrikat), stegni polufabrikat u masinu, klikni
na dugme da zapocnes obradu. Kada je obrada gotova, izvadi deo iz masine i tako u krug.
Za to sve ti treba obuka od ~sat vremena na licu mesta.

Kod ozbiljnijih CNC masina operater cesto nije ni potreban, ubacis sipku/cev (polufabrikat)
koju masina masina sama "pojede", pri cemu sa druge strane automatski izlaze delovi.
Jedina uloga operatera je da postavi sipku na masinu koriscenjem mosne dizalice (dizalica
na vrhu hale). Operater moze da postavi i 5 sipki u buffer, tako da masina sama kada
potrosi jednu sipku ubacu drugu, itd. Ja sam video jednu takvu masinu, a po recima
inzenjera, cena te masine je 250k evra.

Back to the topic. Ono sto tebe zanima je CAM programiranje, kao sto se moze zakljuciti iz
prethodnog teksta. Napomena: Nemam neko preterano iskustvo u ovoj industriji, ali sam
delimicno upoznat sa situacijom.

Prvo pitanje je da li imas fakultetsku diplomu, pozeljno masinskog fakulteta? Ako nemas
diplomu ovog fakulteta, racunaj da ce se na poziciju CNC programera prijaviti minimum
~10-ak ljudi sa diplomom sto tebi nikako ne ide u korist. Ali ipak uzmi u obzir da ogroman
broj ljudi sa srednjom skolom ipak radi programiranje CNC masina.

Drugo pitanje je, da li znas koji softver za 3D modeliranje i CAM koristi tvoj buduci
poslodavac.

Solfins kao oficijelni resseler Dassault-a za Srbiju, odnosno softverskih paketa SolidWorks,
3DExperience platforme (CATIA) i SolidCAM nudi kurseve za prethodno pomenute
programe . Neko drugi je zaduzen za Delcam-ov CAM softver PowerMill i verovatno nudi
kurseve za isti softver. Neko treci je zaduzen za AutoDesk itd. Koliko ja znam, niko nije
resseler za NX u Srbiji (behu neki Slovenci na sajmu tehnike), tako da se ovaj softver koristi
samo u par stranih firmi u Srbiji.

Ako hoces da radis CAM programiranje, moras pre toga da znas 3D CAD modeliranje. U
Srbiji se najcesce koristi SolidWorks, AutoDesk Inventor, i kod pojedinih jacih privatnika
CATIA. Ako znas 3D CAD modeliranje u bilo kom od ovih softvera (lako ces se prebaciti iz
jednog softvera u drugi), onda moras da predjes na ucenje 3D CAM softvera. U Srbiji se za
2.5D, 3D glodanje pa nadalje najcesce koristi Delcam-ov softver jer je po recima mnogo
jakih privatnika taj softver najbolji. Neke firme koriste SolidCAM, ali opet to je mnogo manji
broj ljudi. Pojedini jaci privatnici koji kupe CATIA, najcesce ne idu na 3rd party softvere, vec
samo kupe modul u CATIA koji je brutalno mocan. Znam da jedan privatnik u okolini
Kragujevca, putem CATIA programira glodalicu koja ima radni hod stola pa nekih ~5-10
metara, ako ne i vise. Ovi gore su softveri samo za glodanje, a pazi imas jos i struganje,
CNC erozimate itd.

Kada sve ovo saberes dolazis na zakljucak da ti jedino Solfinsov kurs moze pomoci, jer su
oni oficijelni resseler za jedan od CAM softvera, a kao takvi mislim da imaju 2 3 ozbiljnije
CNC masine. Kurs u Solfinsu nije 15k, vec mnogo vise, traje najverovatnije 3-5 radnih dana.

Ono sto ti ja mogu preporuciti je sledece. Da ti lepo odes u tu firmu i da vidis sta bi se trazilo
od tebe da znas i da vidis koji se softveri koriste. Onda lepo odes kuci ili izbacis ovde
odgovore za dalja uputstva, ili krenes sam u ucenje svega ovoga. Sve bitne komande ces
pohvatati za ~5 dana u 3D CAD modeliranju, ali da bi dobro napravio ozbiljan 3D model
moras ipak imati malo vise iskustva (par meseci aktivnog rada). Kada pohvatas osnove 3D
CAD modeliranja, onda mozes da predjes na 2.5 D glodanje koje ces shvatiti za dan, ali
samo ako imas dobro znanje u 3D CAD modeliranju. Iako naucis prosto 2.5D programiranje
prelazak u realan svet je mnogo tezi jer moras da pogodis parametre masine koje koristis, a
to ti nece biti problem posto odlazis u vec uigranu firmu. Ja sam na primer to morao sam da
provaljujem na Rapid Prototyping Roland glodalici (7.5k evra), pa je dolazilo i do zabadanja
masine zbog preopterecenja, topljenja plastike, a na kraju i loma stezne caure (50 evrica).

Kada sve to predjes (~20 ak dana, mada moze i krace biti), e onda ne znas nista  . Svi
ozbiljniji delovi se rade 3D obradom koja nije uopste laka. Lako je da provalis komande, ali
tesko je da kombinovanjem tih komandi ti kao laik dodjes do trazene tolerancije dela, + da
uzmes u obzir sve neke zajebancije koje nastaju u praksi pri radu masine. 5D obradu, ne
racunaj da ces prvo videti u 99% domacih firmi, a ako tu obradu masterujes, mozes lagano
da odes preko grane i da biras posao i platu.

Sto se tice plate kod nas, racunaj relativno mizerne cifre, oko Kga to se krece za pocetnika
oko 35k-40k, posle mozda godinu dve to poraste na 50k-60k max. U Bg-u i Vojvodini je
verovatno bolja situacija, ali opet to zavisi od privatnika do privatnika. Napomena: Poslove
3D CAD modeliranja i CAM-a ne racunaj da nadjes kod stranih firmi koje posluju u Srbiji, to
je sve u R&D centrima Zapadnoj Evropi i po Amerikama  .

Btw. mozes da freelance-ujes sa 3D CAD-om.

Zakljucak:

Odes u firmu i vidis sta se tacno ocekuje od tebe, i raspitas se van firme koja bi ti plata bila
(bitno). Ako je vredno cimanja i vidis neki svoj career path u tome, onda kreni da se
obucavas u tim softverima. I da, obuku za CAM softver mora da ti obezbedi poslodavac (to
rade ozbiljniji privatnici), to moze biti ili u obliku zvanicnog kursa, ili u obliku mentorskog
rada sa nekim inzenjerom koji vec to radi. Ne ocekuj da ces pustiti na masini bilo sta u prvih
mesec dana, posle 2 meseca mozda pustis nesto jednostavnije, i to tek onda kada se taj
program dobro izanalizira. Tu nema mnogo prostora za gresku.

I da ako radis na masini za secenje (water jet, laser, plazma, itd.), za to ti treba autocad i
neki jednostavan 2D CAM softver, to sve moze da se nauci dan dva.

I da, prirucne CNC masine (1.5k - 2k evrica) su bas to, prirucne masine. Na njima se ne
moze nista ozbiljnije nauciti niti uraditi (sve se vidi u softveru), za izradu ozbiljnih proizvoda
se koriste ozbiljnije masine, doduse polovne iz Nemacke, mada cast izuzecima koji kupuju
nove CNC masine. U 1.5k - 2k range-u je OK 3D printer, do 10k evra se moze uzeti neki
Rapid Prototyping Roland nov, ili nesto polovno iz DE. Mada ukoliko je glodalica u pitanju,
masina je pola investicije, druga polovina je alat cija cena varira na relaciji buvljak -
Sandvik.

https://forum.benchmark.rs/showthread.php?379936-cnc-operater

Which 3D software is most appropriate for modelling

consumer product designs?

Adrien Lachaize, Fydiz helps you find specialist 3D designers for your case
Answered Mar 20, 2017
The “best” software depends on what kind of 3D object you want to create, and of course
your taste. Keeping that in mind, here are a few suggestions. I am just suggesting them, you
are the one who should decide which one satisfies your requirement and dive into it.

If you are just getting started with 3d modeling and you are just getting familiar with basic
concepts try TinkerCAD. It is well proven that TinkerCAD is one of the best options for
beginners. There are simple online tutorials and you can start designing basic parts quickly.
Although there are limitations to this software but it is a suitable environment to get started.
You have the possibility to save as STL file for 3D printing.
If you want to create Artistic 3D models, the following software can be the right choice for
you:

Blender is a free and open source software for Windows, Mac and Linux. This is a powerful
program, and difficult to learn. It is easy to fix and make small changes to STL files. This 3d
software is used for creating 3D models and video games.

ZBrush is a totally different software. It has a complicated UI, but working on it is like
working with clay and wax. It is not easy to learn but it is a very capable software for
sculpturing. Working with ZBrush is a lot of fun.

Lightwave, 3DS MAX and Maya are professional 3D modeling packages typically used for

movies and TV. These programs are for 3D modeling professionals. Due to fast rendering
engines, they support advanced features such as reflection and refraction, radiosity, caustics,
and render nodes. These software packages have been used in blockbuster films such as
Avatar and Iron Man.

For creating Engineering 3D models, the following software might be the one for you:

123D Design is a free software. It is slim version of Autodesk. You can scan, create
sculptures, 3D and 2D design and use other features. This is an easy to use yet powerful
software.

Sketchup was Originally made for architectural projects. it is easy to learn, but it has
limitations compared to other 3D software. It is not recommended for creating files in 3D
Printing.

OpenSCAD, OpenJSCAD, and ImplicitCAD are all Programmatic CADs. These tools require a

programming language background to create objects. This software has some real
advantages for 3D printing due to using constructive solid geometry. The best thing about
these software is that they are free.

Rhino has become very popular in 3D modeling world. converting file types very reliable in
Rhino. Users with any level of expertise can customize and automate Rhino and extend its
capabilities.
Catia, Solidworks and AutoCAD are used by professional design engineers.

There are numerous other worthy software for 3D modeling. You need to dive in and search
for the yours.

Jackson White, Architect Engineer @ TrueCADD

Answered Nov 19, 2016

Here is my recommendation list for you and I hope this will help!

SolidWorks - is almost an industry standard. With SolidWorks has a good intuitive user
interface and great community support. It is very rich in features as well. Too bad it costs
several thousand dollars.

Autodesk Inventor is almost on par with SolidWorks with very similar features. I’ve tried it
briefly. I simply do not have a reason to switch to Inventor from SolidWorks.

SolidEdge was used at one of the places I worked for. It’s not bad but definitely doesn’t
shine above the other contenders in this classification.

Autodesk 123D: It’s good to pre-plan your model really well before bring it to the 3rd
dimension.

Which software is the most appropriate for 3D

modelling for a CNC milling machine?
This question previously had details. They are now in a comment.
2 Answers

Luis Gonzalez
Answered Jun 27, 2017

Any 3d model software that you feel comfortable in using. Most people use expensive
software but if you have no idea how to use it it's worthless. Some people use sketchup
(free) and know it well enough to create incredible work.

My advice is try the free trials and see which ones have comprehensive tutorials that work
for you. The more main stream and mostly the free software will have a plethora of options.
Stick with 1 and learn it well.

Good luck

RecommendedAll

Allen Massey, Own a 25x25 industrial CNC router

Answered Jun 27, 2017

Your best bet is a 3D solid modeling package like Fusion 360 or SolidWorks both of these
software tools are able to create the necessary Gcode to control your CNC machine.

Both of these tools have very steep learning curves that will take a long amount of time and
study to learn to use.

1.1k views · View Upvoters · Answer requested by Krzysztof Jagus