1.

High strength concrete

High-strength concrete is capable of resisting loads that normal-strength concrete

cannot. These concrete mixtures frequently have a higher modulus of elasticity, which
improves stability and reduces deflections. High-strength concrete is used in projects
where concrete components must resist high compressive loads. It is typically used
when building high-rise structures, and a structure over 30 stories is considered to be a
high-rise structure suitable for high-strength concrete use. It has been used in
foundations, shear walls, and columns (particularly on lower floors where the weights
are greater). Moreover, bridge applications can occasionally make use of high
strengths.

An example of a high-strength concrete structure and one of the tallest concrete

buildings is 311 South Wacker Drive. It is a 65-story building in Chicago, Illinois that was
the fourth tallest building when it was finished and is regarded as a top architectural
landmark in Chicago's west loop business district. 
 2. Fiber reinforced concrete Portland cement

Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete that is made primarily of hydraulic cements,
aggregates, and discrete reinforcing fibers. Steel, glass, and organic polymers
(synthetic fibers) have all been used to create fibers that can be used for reinforcing
concrete. To prevent cracking in concrete caused by drying shrinkage and plastic
shrinkage, fibers are typically used. They also lessen the permeability of concrete, which
in turn reduce the bleeding of water. This type of concrete is frequently used for ground-
level applications (such as sidewalks and building floors), basement foundations,
building pillars, support beams, bridges, burial vaults, and roadways.

One example of a structure made of fiber reinforced concrete is Mucem - Museum of

European and Mediterranean Civilizations located in Marseille, France. It is a 15,000
square meters (160,000 sq. ft) cube that displays exhibits on two levels, with a 400-seat
underground auditorium and it is encircled by a latticework shell made of fiber-reinforced
concrete.
 3. Self-consolidating concrete

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC), also known as self-compacting concrete, is highly

flowable, non-segregating concrete that may spread into place, fill the formwork, and
encase the reinforcement without the need for mechanical consolidation. This type of
concrete has also been referred to as self-compacting concrete, self-placing concrete,
and self-leveling concrete. SCC has beneficial applications for constructions with
congested reinforcements or in areas of complex formwork. The construction of
infrastructure in earthquake-prone areas can benefit from this. It can also be used in drill
shaft columns, tubing segments, bridge decks, tunnel linings, and other structures with
a high rebar concentration.

An example of a structure using self-consolidating concrete is Comcast Tower in Center

City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The 58-story skyscraper was
constructed using three distinct SCC mixes. Over 40,000 cubic yards of SCC were
eventually used in the center-core construction.

4. Heavy weight concrete

Heavyweight concrete is produced using heavy natural aggregates. To make the

concrete more dense and radiation-resistant, heavy aggregates are used. Since these
aggregates are substantially less porous and absorbent, the resulting concrete has a
higher mass-to-volume ratio. The primary land-based application of heavyweight
concrete is for counterweights and radiation shielding (medical or nuclear). It is also
employed offshore as ballast for pipelines and other applications where a higher density
is required.
One example of a structure made by heavyweight concrete is the Bon Secours Hospital
Cork, a private hospital in Cork, Ireland.

5. Lightweight concrete

Lightweight concrete (LWC) is a mixture made with lightweight coarse aggregates such
as shale, clay, or slate, which gives it its characteristic low density. It has become a
viable alternative to regular concrete and is widely employed to construct
sleek foundations. Due to its decreased danger of collapse, LWC is therefore ideal for
adding flooring on top of older or even newer structures. As a result, it can be used to
successfully build high rise buildings with lower density as well as bridges, decks,
girders, piers, and precast structures. Since LWC has a low thermal conductivity and a
stronger heat resistance, it is currently frequently used to insulate water pipelines, walls,
rooftops, etc.

An example of a structure using lightweight concrete is the Bank of America Corporate

Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. This 871-foot (265-meter) skyscraper shows how
LWC can be used to construct strong structures, especially considering how unlikely it is
for dead load to be transferred from one floor to another.