NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Lesson 1  The Scientific Revolution

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How do new ideas change the
way people live?

Early Science
1. Explaining  How did the ancient Greeks develop theories?
The ancient Greeks developed a large amount of scientific
information. They believed that reason was a way to analyze
nature. Their studies helped them develop theories.

Listing  The first column below identifies three thinkers who

lived during ancient times or the Middle Ages. Write one
contribution for each.

Thinkers Contributions
Aristotle 2.
Gather facts about about plats and animals. He then
classified living things by arranging them into
groups based on their similarities and differences.

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Ptolemy 3. He stated that the sun and the planets moved
around the Earth. His geocentric or Earth-centered,
theory was accepted in Europe for more than 1400
years.
Thomas Aquinas 4. He showed that Christianity and reason could work
together.
NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading  Cont. netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

True or False  Use your textbook to determine if each

statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank next to the
statement. If the statement is false, rewrite the underlined
portion to make it true.

F    5. During the Middle Ages, ideas about science

were based mostly on ancient Egyptian writing.
Greek writing

F    6. During the Middle Ages, the Islamic world had

little influence on Europeans.
Great influence

T    7. Beginning in the 1400s, explorers added to the

scientific knowledge of Europe.

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NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading  Cont. netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

New Ideas About the Universe

Describing  You are a historian recording the various

contributions made by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. Describe
some of those contributions on the scrolls below.

1. Copernicus
He was a Polish astronomer who began his career at a university in Poland.
he challenged old beliefs held by Europeans.

He wrote a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, in which

he disagreed with Ptolemy's theory.

Copernicus developed a heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory of the universe.

Copernicus's theory disagreed with church teachings.

2. Kepler

He was a German astronomer who improved upon Copernicus's theory by

showing that the planetary orbits were ellipses (ovals) not circles; wrote
mathematical laws describing the movement of the planets.

Kepler's theory provided a simpler explanation for the movements of the

planets. In addition, it marked the beginning of modern astronomy.

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3. Galileo

He was an Italian astronomer and mathematician who built his own telescope
and found four moons revolving around Jupiter.

He was forced by the church court known as the Inquisition to swear that the
geocentric theory was true
NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading  Cont. netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

New Scientific Advances

Identifying  During the 1600s and 1700s, several scientists

made significant advances. Below is a list of scientists from this
time period. Beneath it is a list of statements about the
advances made by these scientists. Fill in the blank in each
statement with the name of the correct scientist.

Isaac Newton Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Andreas Vesalius Robert Boyle
Robert Hooke Antoine Lavoisier

1. Robert Boyle proved that all matter is made of

elements.

2. Andreas Vesalius described the human body in detail.

3. Antoine Lavoisier proved that matter needs oxygen to

burn.

4. Isaac Newton developed the law of gravity.

5. Robert Hooke used a microscope to discover cells.

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6. Antonie van discovered tiny organisms called
Leeuwenhoek
bacteria.
NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading  Cont. netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

The Triumph of Reason

1. Explaining  Why was mathematics important to the
thinking of Descartes?
Mathematics were important because Descartes claimed that they
are the source of scientific truth. In mathematics, he said, the
answers are always true.

Categorizing  The French thinker Blaise Pascal believed that

science could be helpful in some ways. He also thought that
Christianity could be helpful in other ways. In the chart below,
describe what Pascal thought was the best way to use science
and the best way to use Christianity.

Subject Best Way to Use

Science 2.

Pascal believed that reason and scientific ideas based

on experiments could solve many practical problems.

Christianity 3.

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He believed that the solutions to moral problems and
spiritual truth could come only from faith in Christian
teachings.
NAME  Lorena Muciño Martinez   DATE  3- Junio- 21   CLASS  2B

Guided Reading  Cont. netw rks

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

4. Organizing  The English thinker Francis Bacon developed

the scientific method. This method is an orderly way of
collecting and analyzing information. It can be broken
down into a series of steps that must be done in a certain
order. Below is a list of steps used in the scientific method
in the wrong order. In the blanks below, rearrange these
steps so that they are in the correct order.

Arrange the Steps of the Scientific Method in the Correct Order

a. experiment to test explanation

b. repeat experiments to prove the explanation true or false

c. observe facts

d. find explanation of facts

Observe facts

Find explanation of facts

Experiment to test explanation

Repeat experiments to prove the explanation true or false

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