1. Fig. 1.

1 shows the percentage cover of two species in quadrat sampling of

two species A and B in a 25 square metre area sampled.

B A

Fig. 1.1

1.a Describe how the students should decide where to place the quadrats to
investigate the distribution of the two species A and B.

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1.b Calculate the percentage cover occupied by species A to the nearest whole
number.

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1.c Describe the distribution of biodiversity shown in Fig.1.1

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2. Forbes Statista shows results of ecological study Fig. 2.1

Fig. 2.1

2.a Name two abiotic factors from Fig. 2.1 that affect wildlife population.

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2.b Exploitation caused 4.0% threat to habitat loss. Describe the effect of
pollution in Forbes Statista

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3. Figure 3.1 shows the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere as

determined at Mauna Loa in Hawaii between 1959 and 2013

Fig. 3.1
3.a Explain why the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased between
1959 and 2013.

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3.b Global warming is largely due to this increase in atmospheric carbon

dioxide.
Explain how increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
contribute to global warming

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4.

Fig. 4.1

Calculate the magnification of image 4.1.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.

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5.

Explain why it is possible to see the internal membrane of organelle A of a

cell in electron micrographs, as shown above, but it is not possible to see
them when using the light microscope

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6. Figure 6.1 indicates the section of a cell membrane consisting of a

phospholipid bilayer.

Fig. 6.1
6.a Explain how the structure phospholipid helps it to perform its role in cell
membranes.

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6.b Membranes, such as the cell surface membrane, are described as having a
fluid mosaic structure.
Explain what is meant by the term fluid mosaic.

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7. Fig 7.1 is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through part of an

animal cell

Fig 7.1

7.a Name any 2 of the structures labelled A - E.

____ : _____________________________________
____ : _____________________________________
[1]

7.b Give the function of one of your labelled structures.

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8. As provided below, in Figure 8.1, we have two cells. Use the diagrams to
answer the following questions.

Fig. 8.1

8.a Compare the prokaryote and eukaryote using the differences between
them.
Provide at least two differences.

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8.b State two similarities between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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9. The figure below is a water molecule.

9.a Explain why water molecule is described as a polar molecule.

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9.b What is water cohesion and its significance for life survival?

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10. Figure 10.1 shows triglyceride and a phospholipid, Fig. 10.1
The table shows a structural difference between triglyceride and
phospholipid.
Complete the table with two further structural differences other than in
numbers of different types of atoms.

Triglyceride Phospholipid

Structural feature Triglyceride Phospholipid

length of fatty acid all the same length different lengths

chiangs

[2]

11. Use the images below to classify the protein structures correctly what each
is made of.
 Protein structure Protein level and the
bond composition

[2]

12.a Explain what is meant by the quaternary protein structure.

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12.b Name the bonds found in the quaternary structure.

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13. Name and compare the structures, given below, of haemoglobin and
collagen by referring to their functions.

A B

A:__________________________________________________________
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B:__________________________________________________________
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14.a What is the bond measured using the Biuret test?

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14.b What is measured for when using the Xanthoproteic test method?

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15. The figure below indicates the changes of proteins when temperature is
increased.
Normal protein After high temperature

A
B

15.a The diagram show the effect of high temperature on protein structure.
Name process A and B respectively.

Process A: _________________________
Process B: _________________________ [2]

15.b Describe how temperature changes would affect the structure of proteins.

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Total: [40]
END OF PAPER