UJIAN PENGESANAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK (UPPA)

BIOLOGY UNIT
KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA
BIOLOGY 2 SB025 SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2021/2022
TOTAL MARKS: 30

NAME:__________________________________________ TUTORIAL GROUP:______

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. FIGURE 1 show a lake ecosystem.

X Y

FIGURE 1

(a) What is the factor that causes zone X and Y exist in lake ecosystem? [1 mark]
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(b) Between X and Y, which zone has greater photosynthesis rate? Give your reason.
[2 marks]
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(c) The energy in the primary consumer, zooplankton is 4500kcal, and the small fish as
the secondary consumer received 500kcal during energy transfer. Calculate the
percentage of energy loss during energy transfer? [2 marks]
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 (d) Why the secondary consumer received small amount of energy from primary
consumer? [1 mark]
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(e) How does consumer in lake ecosystem obtain nitrogen and carbon source?
[1 mark]
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2. (a) FIGURE 2(a) shows the normal distribution curves for three original population
that live in different environments: I, II, and III. The arrows show the selection
pressure towards the population.
I II III

FIGURE 2(a)
Explain briefly how the selection shown in I, II and III occurs. [3 marks]
I: _______________________________________________________________
II: _______________________________________________________________
III: _______________________________________________________________

(b) FIGURE 2(b) below shows a type of speciation occur in a population of beetle over
hundreds of years.

Original population New population

FIGURE 2(b)
 How this phenomenon shown in FIGURE 2(b) leads to speciation? [3 marks]
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3. (a) FIGURE 3(a) shows the involvement of molecule P in a chemical reaction.

malate

FIGURE 3(a)

i. Molecule P is organic molecule derived forms vitamin that required for

enzyme catalytic action. Identify P. [1 mark]
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ii. How molecule P involve in the enzyme catalytic reaction, shown in FIGURE
3(a)? [2 marks]
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(b) FIGURE 3(b) shows a model for enzyme action mechanism.

FIGURE 3(b)
 Explain the enzyme action mechanism shown in FIGURE 3(b). [3 marks]
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4. FIGURE 4(a) shows a schematic diagram for the first step in energy pay off phase of
glycolysis.

FIGURE 4(a)

(a) Explain the process that occur in this step. [2 marks]

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(b) FIGURE 4(b) shows Krebs cycle that occur in a cell.

malate (4C)

fumarate (4C)

FIGURE 4(b)
 i. In which step the decarboxylation process occur in FIGURE 4(b)?
[1 mark]
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ii. Based on FIGURE 4(b), explain the process that occur at step R. [3 marks]
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(c) FIGURE 4(c) shows the main component of the last stage of aerobic respiration
the inner membrane of mitochondria.

FIGURE 4(c)

i. Name the stage how ATP is produced as shown in FIGURE 4(c). [1 mark]
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ii. Explain how ATP is synthesized at T? [3 marks]

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iii. Electron transport chain is completed when molecule R is reduced to

molecule S. What is importance of molecule R. [1 mark]
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