10th English Grammar

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VAMSI Publications CLASS - X
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English Grammar - Made Easy 1 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322
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M. VAMSI KRISHNA By
S.A (English) M. Vamsi Krishna
ZPHS, Makkenavaripalem, S.A.(English)
Santhamaguluru Mandal, Cell: 9652115322
Prakasam Dt. A.P.
Co-operation with
TEACHERS ACADEMY Paper - I 40 M → Part - A (25 Marks)
KANIGIRI - Prakasm Dt. Part - B (Grammar) (15 Marks)
9848661318 Paper - II 40 M → Part - A (25 Marks)
Part - B (Vocabulary) (15 Marks)
We have taken many efforts to present this book without errors. But, some errors might have crept in. We don't take any
leagal responsibility for such errors and omissions. If you bring them to our notice, we will correct them in our next edition.
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INDEX - GRAMMAR PART (30 MARKS)

Q.No. Marks Page No.
PAPER - I (Part - B)
GRAMMAR (15 Marks)
Model Paper- 1 PART - B (SCERT) 3
9. Editing a passage correcting the underlined parts (unseen) 2½ M 4-9
10. Close Test with FIVE blanks (MCQ) (unseen) 2½ M 9 - 13
11. Combing sentences using "who / which / that"
(OR) Beginning the sentence with a present participle /
past participle 1M 14
12. Changing voice (from only Active voice to Passive voice) 1M 15 -20
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13. Reported speech (only from direct speech to indirect speech) 1 M 21 - 26
14. Combining sentences using adverbs "as / since / because /
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if / when / inspite of / such ... that / although / so . . . that /
neither ... nor / besides (Textual) 1M 27
15. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions (Textual) 2×½=1M 28 - 30
16. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in
brackets (Textual) 2×½=1M 30 - 32
17. Giving advice (OR) Suggestion basing on the given context
18.
19.
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(textual or unseen)
Changing a sentence into a polite request (textual or unseen) 1 M
Choosing a right phrase to say in the given context.
1M 33
33 - 34
(Textual or unseen) 1M 34 - 37
20. Identifying the appropriate function that the
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given expression forms (Textual or unseen) 2×½ =1M 37 - 40
PAPER - II (Part - B)
VOCABULARY (15 Marks)
Model Paper- 1I PART - B (SCERT) 41 - 42
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6. Identifying the suitable synonyms to the underlined words in

the passage 4×½=2M 43 - 48
7. Writing opposite words (Antonyms) to the underlined
words in the passage 4×½=2M 48 - 52
8. Filling in the blanks with right form of the words given
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in brackets 4×½=2M 52 - 61
9. Completing the spelling of the words by using
vowel clusters (ea, ai, ie, ei, oi, io, ua, ee, ou, ia, ai, etc.) 2 × ½ = 1 M 61 - 63
10. Completing the spelling of a word using
suffixes or inflections 2×½=1M 63 - 65
11. Identifying the wrongly spelt word and rewriting its
correct spelling. 2×½=1M 65 - 68
12. Arrange the following words under correct headings 8×¼=2M 69 - 72
13. Use the following language expressions in sentences
of your own.
13 - a) Phrasal verbs ½M 72 - 74
13 - b) Idiomatic expressions ½M 74
13 - c) Binomial expressions ½M 75 - 76
13 - d) Foreign expressions ½M 76 - 77
14. Match the following one word substitutes
with their meanings. 4 ×½ = 2 M 77 - 80
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Time : ½ Hour. PART - B Marks : 15
Instructions :
Answer the questions in ‘Part – B’ on the paper itself.
This part of the question paper should be attached to the Main Answer Book of the student.
9. Edit the following passage correcting the under lined parts. 5 × ½ = 2 ½ Marks
I do not know why are children (a) afraid of speaking English. English is language (b) like any other
language. If we learn it systematically, we will learned (c) the basics of the language in six and (d) nine
months. If you are worried for (e) our mistakes, we will never become fluent in our speech.
(a) .................. (b) .................. (c) .................. (d) .................. (e) ..................
10. Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against the number
of blanks. 5 × ½ = 2 ½ Marks
While I ................ (1) travelling on the train last summer, I enjoyed ................... (2). It was my very first
journey to Amaravathi. .................. (3) I asked my father to let me visit .................. (4) interesting places
like Nagarjuna Sagar, Nagarjuna Konda and the Panakalaswamy temple in Mangalagiri etc. He
agreed................. (5) my proposal and I thanked him.
1. (A) am travelling (B) travelled (C) was travelling (D) travel
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2. (A) me (B) myself (C) I (D) mine
3. (A) but (B) because (C) although (D) so
4. (A) some (B) an (C) a (D) no
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5. (A) to (B) with (C) by (D) for
11. Combine the following sentences using “which”. 1M
The Prime Minister made a historical speech. I could not understand it.
A) _____________________________________________________
12. Change the following sentence into Passive voice. 1M
Father had provided for my education.
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A) _____________________________________________________
13. Change the following into Reported Speech 1M
My father said to me, ‘Have you done your homework?’
A) _____________________________________________________
14. Combine the following sentences using ‘because’. 1M
Mother worked very hard. She looked very tired.
A) _____________________________________________________
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15. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in brackets. (2 ×½ =1 M)
(a) The students should do the project work ...............................the instructions given by the teacher.
(in accordance with / in spite of )
(b) Ray was even shy ............................. receiving compliments. (with / of)
16. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in brackets. 1M
(a) I ............................... (do) my homework. I am free now.
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(b) When I went to the railway station, the train .............already........... (leave) the station.
17. Your friend is waking up late these days. Advise him to wake up early to prepare well for the exams. 1 M
A) _____________________________________________________
18. Change the following into a polite request. 1M
Where is the Railway Station?
A) _____________________________________________________
19. Your friend greeted you ‘How do you do?’ How would you respond in return? ( )1M
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(A) Nice (B) I am well (C) How do you do? (D) Never mind
20. What do the following sentences mean? Put a tick (3) mark against the right answer. 2 × ½ =1 M
(i) Shall I carry this bag for you?
(A) Asking information ( ) (B) Offering help ( )
(C) Giving information ( ) (D) Proposing ( )
(ii) It’s time we went home.
A) Giving advice ( ) B) Making a suggestion ( )
C) Questioning ( ) D) Seeking information ( )
ANSWERS (PART - B)
9. a) children are b) a language c) learn d) or e) above
10. 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A
11. The Prime Minister made a historical speech which I could not understand.
12. My education had been provided for by my father.
13. My father asked me whether (if) I had done my homework.
14. Mother looked very tired because she worked very hard.
15. (a) in accordance with (b) of 16. (a) have done (b) had, left
17. You should wake up early to prepare well for the exams.
18. Could you please tel me where the railway station is ?
19. C) How do you do ?
20. i) B) Offering help ii) B) Making a suggestion
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PAPER - I (GRAMMAR)
Q. 9 gEDITING A PASSAGEg
Q. 9 Editing the following passage correcting the underlined parts. 2½ Marks
‡ $uó²>·+ýË passage “ edit #ûjÖá *. underline #ûd¾q $wŸjáÖ“• correct #ûjÖá *. ‚ºÌq y•¿±«“• #á<TŠ eÚÔáÖ
underline #ûd¾q uó²>±“• eÖçÔáyûT correct #ûd¾ a, b, c, d, e \Å£” m<ŠsÁT>± ‚ºÌq U²°\ýË correct #ûd¾q uó²>±“•
eÖçÔáyûT çy•jáÖ*. ¿=“• clues “ #á~$ kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá >·*ÐÔû ‡ uó²>·+ýË eÖsÁTØ\T Ôî#Tá Ì¿=qT³ #•ý² dŸT\uó+„ .
n+<ŠTÅ£” ‡ ç¿ì+~ –<‘VŸ²sÁD\T |Ÿ]o*+#á+&•.
1. Some boys was playing around a pound. [ û ]
A. Some boys were playing around a pound.. [ ü ]
A
Rule : Subject plural number ýË –+~ ¿±eÚq plural verb çy•jáÖ*.
2. He wanted to bought vegetables. [ û ]
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A. He wanted to buy vegetables. [ ü ]
Rule : to ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v1 –+&ƒTqT. v2 çy•jáTs•<ŠT.
3. He would ate all the money. [ û ]
A. He would eat all the money. [ ü ]
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Rule : y•¿£« “s•ˆD+ýË will / would / can / could/ may/ might/ shall / should/ must/ ought to
ç|Ÿ¿£Øq plain verb (v1) –+&ƒTqT. v2 çy•jáTÅ£L&ƒ<ŠT.
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4. He is very weak that he cann't walk. [ û ]

A. He is so weak that he cann't walk. [ ü ]
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Rule : so - that ÿ¹¿ y•¿£«+ýË s•jáÖ*. n+<ŠT¹¿ very ¿ì ‹<ŠT\T so çy•kÍïeTT.
5. A dog were walking home with his driver. [ û ]
A. A dog was walking home with his driver. [ ü ]
MS
Rule : Subject singular ¿±eÚq was –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•+.

6. He is an handsome boy. [ û ]
A. He is a handsome boy. [ ü ]
Rule : VŸ²\T¢ Xø‹+Ý e#áTÌqT. ¿±eÚq a –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•*.
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7. A man was lead his donkey down a road. [ û ]

A. A man was leading his donkey down a road. [ ü ]
Rule : Past continuous tense ýË was / were \ ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v1 + ing e#áTÌqT.
8. The more he wants, the most he gets. [ û ]
A. The more he wants, the more he gets. [ ü ]
Rule : ÿ¿£y•¿£«+ýË Âs+&ƒT comparatives –+&ƒTqT. ÿ¿£ comparative form, ÿ¿£ superlative form
–+&ƒ<ŠT. ¿±eÚq most ¿ì ‹<ŠT\T more –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•*.
The higher you go, the colder it gets.
9. He hid behind a rock or peeped out to see the lion. [ û ]
A. He hid behind a rock and peed out to see the lion. [ ü ]
Rule : ‡ y•¿£«+ýË eT]jáTT nHû nsÁœ+ e#áTÌqT. ¿±eÚq and –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•*.
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10. A man whom hair was turning grey had two wives. [ û ]
A. A man whose hair was turning grey had two wives. [ ü ]
Rule : hair ¿ì eTT+<ŠT whose dŸ]jî®Tq~. me] jîTT¿£Ø hair nHû nsÁœ+ e#áTÌqT.
11. One wife was much youngest than the man. [ û ]
A. One wife was much younger than the man. [ ü ]
12. The younger women was very beautiful. [ û ]
A. The younger woman was very beautiful. [ ü ]
Rule : verb singular ýË –+~. ¿±eÚq subject Å£L&† singular ýË s•jáÖ*.
13. A old crane was very thirsty. [ û ]
A. An old crane was very thirsty. [ ü ]
A
Rule : Vowel sound |Ÿ\TÅ£”qT. ¿±eÚq an –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
14. They never quarrelled and played happy together. [ û ]
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A. They never quarrelled and played happily together. [ ü ]
Rule : verb ¿ì adverb “ indicate #ûjÖá *.
15. He bullied the little crane very badly that the younger one cried out to help. [ û ]
A. He bullied the little crane so badly that the younger one cried out for help. [ ü ]
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16. The tortoise stretched out he long neck.
A. The tortoise stretched out his long neck.
[ û ]
[ ü ]
Rule : Possessive case ýË çy•jáÖ*.
17. He made the hare laughed. [ û ]
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A. He made the hare laugh. [ ü ]
Rule : Make + object sÁÖ|Ÿ+ Ôás•ÇÔá –+&ƒT infinitive sÁÖ|Ÿ+ýË to –+&ƒ<TŠ . ¿¹ e\+ V1 sÁÖ|Ÿ+ –+&ƒTqT.
V2 çy•jáTs•<ŠT.
MS
18. He is a cleverest boy in the class. [ û ]

A. He is the cleverest boy in the class. [ ü ]
Rule : Superlative degree eTT+<ŠT the –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
19. He ate so fiereely and hungrily that a bone got lodged in her throat. [ û ]
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A. He ate so fiereely and hungrily that a bone got lodged in his throat. [ ü ]
Rule : subject, he ¿±eÚq <‘“¿ì possessive case his s•jáÖ*.
20. She used her long thin bill to reached down his throat. [ û ]
A. She used her long thin bill to reach down his throat. [ ü ]
21. She asked the wolf of the promised reward. [ û ]
A. She asked the wolf about the promised reward. [ ü ]
22. He hid infornt of a large box. [ û ]
A. He hid behind a large box. [ ü ]
Rule : <‘>·T¿=qT nHû nsÁœ+ýË behind –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+. yîqT¿£ nHû nsÁœ+.
23. He went straight up to him, but said. [ û ]
A. He went straight up to him, and said.. [ ü ]
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24. The boys began to threw stones at the frogs. [ û ]
A. The boys began to throw stones at the frogs. [ ü ]
25. One frog hoped upon a lily pad. [ û ]
A. One frog hopped upon a lily pad. [ ü ]
26. He lifted her huge paw upon the little creatures. [ û ]
A. He lifted his huge paw upon the little creatures. [ ü ]
27. The lion took compassion upon the tiny mice and released him. [ û ]
A. The lion took compassion upon the tiny mouse and released him. [ ü ]
28. A lion laid asleep in the forest. [ û ]
A. A lion lay asleep in the forest. [ ü ]
29. I will surely repays you. [ û ]
A
A. I will surely repay you. [ ü ]
Rule : will / shall / can / could \ ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v1 eÖçÔáyTû e#áTÌqT.v1 + s/ es çy•jáTs•<ŠT.
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30. He was hunger. [ û ]
A. He was hungry. [ ü ]
31. It was not a excuse for stealing. [ û ]
A. It was not an excuse for stealing. [ ü ]
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32. A lion, an ass and the fox were hunting in a forest.
A. A lion, an ass and a fox were hunting in a forest.
[ û ]
[ ü ]
33. The ass were asked to divide the spoil. [ û ]
A. The ass was asked to divide the spoil. [ ü ]
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34. Just look to my bright and downy feathers. [ û ]
A. Just look at my bright and downy feathers. [ ü ]
35. You black stiff quills is not worth having. [ û ]
MS
A. Your black stiff quills are not worth having. [ ü ]

36. They drived him very slowly. [ û ]
A. They drove him very slowly. [ ü ]
37. They would had a better chance. [ û ]
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A. They would have a better chance. [ ü ]

Rule : would / could / should / might / must ç|Ÿ¿£Øq have –+&ƒTqT ¿±“ had sÁÖ|Ÿ+ ýñ<TŠ .
38. They did not waited for an invitation. [ û ]
A. They did not wait for an invitation. [ ü ]
Rule : s + did + not + v1 sÁÖ|Ÿ+ –+&ƒTqT. ¿±eÚq wait e#áTÌqT.
39. He dressed herself. [ û ]
A. He dressed himself. [ ü ]
Rule : He ¿ì reflexive case himself n>·TqT. She ¿ì reflexive case herself n>·TqT.
40. He is senior than me. [ û ]
A. He is senior to me. [ ü ]
Rule : Latin compartives nsTTq senior, junior, inferior, superior \ ç|Ÿ¿£Øq to e#áTÌqT than
–|ŸjîÖÐ#ás•<ŠT.
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Q. 9 Editing a Passage (Practice exercises) [2½ Marks

Edit the following passages correcting the underlined parts.
1) A bear came across a log when (a) a swarm of bees had nested to made (b) their honey. As he
snooped around, a single little bee flew out of the log in (c) protect the swarm. Knowing that the
bear would ate (d) all the honey, the little bee stung him sharply on a (e) nose and flew back into
the log.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
2) Some boys was (a) playing around a pond when they spotted a group of frogs hopping and
swimming about by (b) the water. The boys began to throw rocks at the frogs and even com-
pleted against each other as to what (c) could hit a (d) most frogs. Sometimes the rocks hit the
frogs very (e) hard that they died.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
A
3) A dog were (a) walking home in (b) his dinner, a large slab of meat, in his mouth. On his way
home, he walking (c) by a river. Looking in the river, he saw another dog with an (d) handsome
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chunk of meat in his mouth.
"I want that meat, too," thought the dog, and he snapped at the dog to grab his meat who (e)
caused him to drop his dinner in the river.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
4) A man was lead (a) his donkey down a road, why (b) the donkey got free and ran to the edge of
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high cliff. The man ran as fast as he could to the donkey and grabbed his tail in (c) stop the
donkey from going off the edge of a (d) cliff. But the donkey was stubborn ; the more the man
tried to stop him, the most (e) the donkey pulled the other way.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
5) A young fox saw a lion for the very first time. He were (a) so frightened by the appearance of
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a (b) great beast that he ran away as fast as he could. The second time he see (c) the lion, he
hid behind a large rock or (d) peeped out to see the lion. The third time he saw the lion, he went
straight up on (e) him and said "Hello, Mr. Lion."
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
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6) A lion laid (a) asleep in the forest, his great head resting on his paws. A timid little Mouse come
(b) upon him unexpectedly, and in her fright and haste to get away, ran across the lion's nose.
Awaken from his nap, the angry lion laid his huge paw in (c) the tiny creature to kill her. "Spare
me!" begged the poor Mouse. "Please let me go and some day I will surely repays (d) you. "The
lion was much amused to think that a mouse could ever help him. But he was generous yet (e)
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finally let the mouse go.

a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
7) An ass found a lion's skin left in the forest by a hunter. He dressed herself (a) in it, and amused
himself by hiding in a thicket and rushing out suddenly at the animals who (b) passed that way.
All took to their heels the moment they saw him. The ass was so pleased to see the animals
running away for (c) him, just as if he was (d) the king lion himself, that he could not keep from
expressing his delight by a loud, harsh bray. A fox, who ran with the rest, stoped (e) short as
soon as he heard the voice.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
8) A fox was caught in a trap one fine morning, so (a) he had got too near the farmer's house. No
doubt he was hunger (b), but that was not a (c) excuse for stealing. A cock, rising early, discov-
ered that (d) had happened. He knew the fox could not get at him, so he went a little close (e)
to get a good look at his enemy.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
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9) A pack of wolves lurked near the sheep pasture. But the dogs kept them all to (a) a respectful
distance, and the sheep grazed in perfect safety. But now the wolves thought of a plan with (b)
trick the sheep."Why is their (c) always this hostility between us?" they said, "If it were not for
those dogs what (d) are always stirring up trouble, I am sure we should got (e) along beautifully.
Send them away and you will see what good friends we shall become."
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
10) The North Wind and the Sun had a quarrel about who (a) of them was the stronger. While they
was (b) disputing with much heat and bluster, a traveller passing (c) along the road wrapped in
a cloak. "Let us agree," said the Sun, "That he is the stronger who can strip that traveller of his
clock." "Very well," growled the North Wind, and in (d) once sent an (e) cold, howling blast
against the traveller.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
A
11) The wind and the sun argued one day over who (a) one was the stronger. Spotting a man
travelling on the road, they sported a challenge to see which one could removing (b) the coat
HN
from the man's back a (c) quickest.
The wind began. He blow (d) strong gusts of air, so strong that the man could barely walk
against them. But the man clutched his coat tight against him. The wind blew harder and longer,
and the harder the wind blew, the tighter the man held her (e) coat against him.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
12)
RIS
A wolf troubled his prey one day. He ate so fiercely and hungrily that a bone got lodged in her
(a) throat, causing him grievous pain. He howled and howled in agony and offered a rich re-
ward to anyone whose (b) could remove the bone. A crane passing by considered a (c) money,
and after seeing the wolf and hearing him scream in such pain, took pity upon him. She used her
long thin bill to reached (d) down his throat and remove the bone. And after removing the bone,
IK
she asked the wolf of (e) the promised reward.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
13) A young fox see (a) a lion for the very first time. He was so frightened by the appearance to (b)
the great beast that he ran away as fast as he could. The second time he saw a (c) lion, he hid
MS
infront of (d) a large rock and peeped out to see the lion. The third time he saw the lion, he went
straight up to him, but (e) said, "Hello, Mr. Lion."
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
14) Some boys were playing around a pond which (a) they spotted a group of frogs hopping and
VA
swimming about over (b) the water. The boys began to threw (c) stones at the frogs and even
competed against each other as to what (d) could hit the most frogs. Sometimes the stones hit
the frogs so hard that they died. Finally one frog hoped (e) upon a lily pad. "Please stop," he
pleaded, "What may seem just fun to you is death to us."
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
15) One day a lion was waken from his afternoon nap by the (a) group of mice scurrying all about
him. He lifted her (b) huge paw upon one the little creatures. The mouse pleaded for mercy
from the stately beast. The lion took compassion upon the tiny mice (c) and released him. A few
days latter (d), the lion became trapped in a hunter's net. His roars made the whole forest
tremble. The little mouse whom (e) life was spared approached the lion in the snare and used
his sharp little teeth to gnaw the strong ropes until the lion was free.
a) ................... b) ................... c) ................... d) ................... e) ...................
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ANSWERS
1) a) where b) make c) to d) eat e) the 8) a) because b) hungry c) an d) what e) closer
2) a) were b) in c) who d) the e) so 9) a) at b) to c) there d) which e) get
3) a) was b) with c) walked d) a e) which 10) a) which b) were c) passed d) at e) a
4) a) leading b) when c) to d) the e) more 11) a) which b) remove c) the d) blew e) his
5) a) was b) the c) saw d) and e) to 12) a) his b) who c) the d) reach e) about
6) a) lay b) came c) on d) repay e) and 13) a) saw b) of c) the d) behind e) and
7) a) himself b) which c) from d) were e) stopped 14) a) when b) in c) throw d) who e) hopped
15) a) a b) his c) mouse d) later e) whose
j
j
Q. 10 CLOSE TEST
Q 10 Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct
options given against the number of blanks. 2½ Marks
A
‡ ç|ŸXø•Å£” dŸeÖ<ó‘q+ s•jáTT³Å£” ç>±eTsYýË n“• n+Xæ\™|Õ |Ÿ³T¼ –+&†*. eTTK«+>± Articles eT]jáTT
HN
Prepositions ™|Õ KºÌÔá+>± ç|ŸXø•\T –+&ƒTqT. M{ì“ kÍ<óŠq #ûjáTT³Å£” ¿=“• “jáTeÖ\T ¿£\eÚ. ‡
ç|ŸXø•™|Õ eÖsÁTØ\T kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” ‡ ç¿ì+~ “jáTeÖ\T ÔÃ&ƒÎ&ƒÔ•sTT. eT]jáTT n<Šq+>± ‚ÔásÁ $wŸjáÖ\™|Õ
Rules s•jáT&ƒ+ È]Ð+~.
1. A, an, the \qT Articles n+{²sÁT. a, an \qT, the \qT yûsTÁ >± –|ŸjÖ î ÐkÍïsTÁ . a, an \qT ÿ¿£ y•¿£«+ýË
RIS
çbÍsÁ+uó„eTjûT« common singular noun eTT+<ŠT ÿ¿£ nHû nsÁœ+ýË –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+. €noun ýË“ –#•ÌÛsDÁ ýË“
yîTT<Š{ì n¿£ŒsÁ+ »nµ qT+º »n'µ eT<óŠ« |Ÿ*¿ìÔû an qT, »¿£µ qT+º »iµ eT<óŠ« |Ÿ*¿ìÔû a qT –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+.
1) Sravan is an Indian. (‚+&•jTá HŽ) 2) Sruthi is a European (jáTÖsÃ|¾jYT)
3) I saw an old man. (zýÙe¦ Ö«HŽ) 4) Renuka is an orphan. (€s•ÎÛH)Ž
({²sY³dt) 6) It is a small creature. (kÍˆýÙ ç¿¡#sá )Y
IK
5) I saw a tortoise.
7) There lived an old man (zýÙe ¦ Ö«HŽ) . 8) Once there was a crow. (ç¿Ã)
2. a headche, a stomachache, a cold, a cough n“ –|ŸjÖ î ÐkÍï+. ( I have a headache)
3. Superlative degree eTT+<ŠT the –|ŸjÖ î ÐkÍï+.
MS
the cleverest, the biggest, the most beautiful ;

Sita is the cleverest girl in our class.
4. Train names, river names, seas, oceans, ships, mountain ranges, holy books eTT+<ŠTthe “ –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
The Krishna express, The Nile, The Titanic, The Himalayas, The Ramayana, The Thames
1) I travel by the Krishna express.
VA
2) I read the Ramayana every morning.

5. for a long time, for a while, end of the day n“ –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+.
6. Prepositions $wŸjTá +ýË ‡ forms >·TsÁT+ ï #áT¿Ã+&•.
percent of, proud of, think of, made of, cover with, sense of, at the secnodary level, at 8'O clock,
shout at, listen to, suprise at, look at, angry at, go for a walk, full of, walk through the desert,
suceeded in, fond of, in America, in 1942, on 28th November, in September, senior to, junior
to, prefer to, superior to, inferior to, change into, suffer from, loyal to, belong to
7. ç|ŸjÖá D²“• >·T]+º Ôî\T|ŸÚq|Ÿð&ƒT : By + train / bus / taxi / sea / plane / air/ boat / bicycle n“
–|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
I travel by the Krishna Express.
The C.M. came by air.
Note : È+ÔáTeÚ™|Õ qT+&•, ¿±*q&ƒ¿£q ç|ŸjáÖDì+#áTq|ŸÚ&ƒT on n“ –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+.
1) People travel on camels. 2) I go to school on foot.
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8. Comparitive degree ýË comparitive form Ôás•ÇÔá kÍ<ó‘sÁD+>± than –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
She is taller than me. Sita is more beautiful than Latha.
9. Subject place ýË pronouns, subjective case ýË –+&†*.
I went by the Taj express. They played chess.
10. Object kÍœq+ýË pronouns objective case ýË –+&†*.
I met him yesterday. She asked me a question. I have known him for 10 years.
11. Positive degree sÁÖ|Ÿ+ : as + positive form + as
He is honest as any other man [ û ]
He is as honest as anyother man. [ ü ]
12. Subject plural nsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT verb Å£L&† plural >± –+&ƒTqT.
A
They .................... (is / are) playing cricket now. (Ans : are)
13. Past dates –q•|Ÿð&ƒT y•¿£«+ýË“ verb “ simple past ýË çy•jáÖ*.
HN
In April 1912, a great new ship ........... (sail / sailed) across the Atlantic. (Ans. : sailed)
14. y•¿£« “s•ˆD+ýË will / shall / can / may / would / should / could / might / must \ ç|Ÿ¿£Øq plain verb
(v1 ) –+&ƒTqT (v2 ) –+&ƒÅ£L&ƒ<ŠT.
I would ...................... (go / went) (Ans. : go)
You should ...................... (consult / consulted) a doctor. (Ans. : consult )
RIS
I shall .................. (meet / met) him tomorrow.
It would never ...................... (sink / sank)
(Ans. : meet)
(Ans. : sink)
15. To ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v1 sÁÖ|Ÿ+ kÍ<ó‘sÁD+>± s•kÍï+. v2 sÁÖ|Ÿ+ s•jáTs•<ŠT.
I want to buy some books for my brother.
IK
I am going to die in a few days.
He wanted to .................. (buy / bought) vegetables. (Ans. : buy)
16. I enjoyed ............... (me / mine / I / myself) (Ans. : myself)
MS
Note : enjoy ç|Ÿ¿£Øq reflexive pronoun çy•jáÖ*. I ¿ì reflexive pronoun myself n>·TqT.
17. She was the ..................ship in the world.
(larger, large, longer, largest) Ans : largest.
Note : ‡ y•¿£«+ýË the article “ –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•sÁT. <‘“ Ôás•ÇÔá supelative form dŸ]jî®Tq~. ¿±eÚq
VA
largest “ mqT•Å£”H••+.
18. One day he ................ wondering in the forest.
(is, was, has, will be) Ans. : was
Note : ‡ y•¿£«+ýË past continuous tense –+~. m+<ŠT¿£q>± v1 + ing (wondering) sÁÖ|Ÿ+ýË –+~.
¿±eÚq was / were “ mqT•¿Ãy•*. Subject, singular ¿±eÚq was dŸ]jî®Tq~.
19. One day a Brahmin was walking ................ forest.
(by, through, in, from) Ans. : through
Note : n&ƒ$>·T+&† ç|ŸjáÖDì+#áT nHû nsÁœ+ýË through –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.
20. A relative came to see Nasruddin from the country and ................ a duck.
(brings, buy, bring, brought) Ans. brought.
Note : ™|Õ y•¿£«+ past tense ýË –q•~. ¿±eÚq and Ôás•ÇÔá Å£L&† past sÁÖ|Ÿ+ –+&†*. Ôî#îÌqT nHû
nsÁ+œ ýË brought qT m+#áT¿Ãy•*.
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Q. 10 CLOSE TEST [2½ Marks

Read the following paragraph and fill in the blanks with the correct options given against
the number of blanks. 5 × ½ = 2½ M
1. In April 1912 a great new ship ........... (1) across the Atlantic ........... (2) her first voyage. She
was the ........... (3) ship in the world; even today she would be one of the biggest afloat. She was
called the greatest ship that ........... (4) ever built or a ship that would never ........... (5)
1) A) sale B) sail C) sailing D) sailed
2) A) in B) on C) for D) to
3) A) largest B) larger C) large D) longer
4) A) are B) is C) was D) were
5) A) sank B) sink C) sinks D) sinking
A
2. A relative came to see Nasruddin ........... (1) the country, and ........... (2) a duck. Nasruddin
........... (3) grateful. He has ........... (4) bird cooked and shared with ........... (5) guest.
HN
1) A) of B) for C) from D) about
2) A) brings B) bought C) bring D) brought
3) A) is B) are C) was D) has
4) A) a B) an C) on D) the
5) A) him B) he C) his D) their
3.
RIS
Once there .......... (1) a proud lion in a jungle. One day he .......... (2) wandering in the forest. He
met a tiger and asked him .......... (3) was the king of the jungle. The tiger was afraid and so he
humbly replied .......... (4) the lion was the king. The lion felt .......... (5)
1) A) living B) lives C) lived D) live
IK
2) A) is B) was C) has D) will be
3) A) who B) which C) whose D) why
4) A) but B) because C) that D) so
5) A) angry B) happy C) sad D) disappointed
MS
4. One day a Brahmin was walking .......... (1) a forest .......... (2) suddenly he .......... (3) someone
crying out of for help. He .......... (4) in the direction of the sound and .......... (5) upon a well that
was dried up.
1) A) by B) through C) in D) from
2) A) or B) though C) when D) but
VA
3) A) heard B) hear C) hears D) hearing

4) A) go B) went C) goes D) going
5) A) came B) come C) coming D) comes
5. .......... (1) the weapons of .......... (2) invented by man so far, .......... (3) the atom bomb. Scien-
tists have succeeded .......... (4) making this .......... (5) many years of research.
1) A) Most B) Any C) All D) Few
2) A) destruct B) destructed C) destruction D) is destructed
3) A) is B) was C) do D) has
4) A) for B) in C) by D) with
5) A) in B) between C) after D) before
6. Last Friday, I took my wife and my six - year old daughter Sudha to see the Taj Mahal at Agra.
.......... (1) went by the Taj Express. Sudha was very excited .......... (2) she had never travelled
by train ........ (3). She sat near the window and ....... (4) at the trees and houses flying .......... (5).
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1) A) I B) The C) We D) It
2) A) so B) because C) however D) therefore
3) A) before B) then C) since D) until
4) A) looks B) looking C) look D) looked
5) A) on B) by C) off D) at
7. I have known .......... (1) for .......... (2) long time and I can assure you he is .......... (3) honest as
any other man. I .......... (4) think .......... (5).
1) A) he B) his C) him D) she
2) A) a B) any C) an D) the
3) A) so B) as C) more D) most
4) A) will B) shall C) need D) can
5) A) of B) over C) on D) for
A
8. Shravan .......... (1) orphan, who came .......... (2) Delhi from .......... (3) village .......... (4) Bihar.
He worked in a tea-shop in the village .......... (5) a while before he left it.
HN
1) A) any B) an C) a D) some
2) A) to B) from C) by D) in
3) A) him B) her C) she D) his
4) A) at
RIS B) on C) in D) to
5) A) for B) to C) at D) in
9. Mallika is arriving .......... (1) the Charminar Express .......... (2) 8 o'clock. She has asked me to
meet her .......... (3) the station. She will be accompanied by .......... (4) brother. She is sure to
have .......... (5) luggage with her.
1) A) in B) by C) from D) into
IK
2) A) at B) on C) in D) to
3) A) in B) by C) on D) at
4) A) her B) hers C) his D) him
5) A) a B) few C) some D) any
MS
10. The night was hot and I decided to sleep outside the room. I was deep asleep when .......... (1),
heard a scream. It was .......... (2) the house across the street. .......... (3) tree had fallen over the
house .......... (4) ceiling had caved in and the beams were broken .......... (5) nobody was hurt ;
they were all sleeping outside.
VA
1) A) you B) I C) we D) they
2) A) in B) on C) by D) from
3) A) A B) An C) Some D) Any
4) A) A B) Few C) The D) Some
5) A) and B) so C) through D) but
11. Eskimos .......... (1) in houses called Igloos. An Igloo is made .......... (2) large square pieces of
ice. But the igloo itself is not square. It looks like half of a big white ball .......... (3) on a white
field of ice. It has a low opening for a door. It even has a window which is just a hole covered
.......... (4) a thin sheet of ice which lets the light in. An Eskimo can build an igloo for his family
in .......... (5) hour.
1) A) live B) lives C) lived D) living
2) A) at B) in C) of D) about
3) A) stands B) standing C) stood D) had stood
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4) A) of B) from C) at D) with
5) A) a B) an C) the D) any
12. .......... (1) India is a huge country, we are not able to .......... (2) outstanding sportsmen .......... (3)
are several reasons .......... (4) this sad state. We are neglecting sports and games .......... (5) the
secondary level.
1) A) Although B) But C) Still D) Instead
2) A) produce B) produces C) produced D) will produce
3) A) There B) These C) Where D) Those
4) A) for B) about C) over D) with
5) A) for B) from C) to D) at
13. Socrates, the great Greek philosopher, .......... (1) the people that they should ask questions
.......... (2) everything. He believed .......... (3) there should be discussion about all aspects ..........
A
(4) life .......... (5) wisdom comes from knowledge and badness comes from ignorance.
1) A) taught B) teaches C) teaching D) teach
HN
2) A) to B) on C) for D) about
3) A) why B) that C) what D) which
4) A) on B) of C) off D) by
5) A) so
RIS B) because C) while D) therefore
14. Mary is a very active child who is always running about making a lot of noise. She is .......... (1)
youngest of four children in the family. She often gets .......... (2) trouble .......... (3) brother,
David, is always shouting .......... (4) her. But Mary never listens .......... (5) him.
1) A) a B) an C) the D) any
2) A) in B) into C) on D) for
IK
3) A) She B) Her C) Hers D) Their
4) A) on B) about C) at D) against
5) A) for B) at C) on D) to
15. When the weather is hot, the shady places .......... (1) the best. People prefer to sit .......... (2) a
MS
tree or in a cool room, or if they must go out, they .......... (3) along the shady side of the street.
.......... (4) is cooler in the shade than the bright sunshine .......... (5) we should plant trees on
either side of a street.
1) A) is B) was C) are D) were
2) A) under B) above C) over D) below
VA
3) A) walking B) have walked C) walk D) walks

4) A) that B) it C) what D) how
5) A) Because B) It C) So D) But
ANSWERS
1) 1 -D 2-B 3-A 4 -C 5-B 8) 1-B 2-A 3-D 4-C 5-A
2) 1 -C 2-B 3-C 4 -D 5-C 9) 1-B 2-A 3-D 4-A 5-C
3) 1 -C 2-B 3-A 4 -C 5-B 10) 1-B 2-D 3-A 4-C 5-D
4) 1 -B 2-C 3-A 4 -B 5-A 11) 1-A 2-C 3-B 4-D 5-B
5) 1 -C 2-C 3-A 4 -B 5-C 12) 1-A 2-A 3-A 4-A 5-D
6) 1 -C 2-B 3-A 4 -D 5-B 13) 1-A 2-D 3-B 4-B 5-B
7) 1 -C 2-A 3-B 4 -D 5-A 14) 1-C 2-B 3-B 4-C 5-D
15) 1-C 2-A 3-C 4-B 5-C
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Q. 11 b b
COMBINING SENTENCES
Q. 11 Combining sentences using who / which / that or Beginning the sentence
with a present participle / past participle 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË ç|ŸX•ø qT Relative clauses (who, which / that) ýñ<‘ present participle / past participle
–|ŸjîÖÐ+º s•jáTeT“ n&•Â><ŠsÁT. n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” Unit - I eT]jáTT Unit - 5 ýË ‡ $uó²>±“¿ì dŸ+u+~ó+ºq
ç|ŸX•ø \T ¿£\eÚ. y•{ì“ ÿ¿£ #Ã³ #û]Ì –<‘VŸ²sÁD\T s•jáT&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. M{ì“ kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá +&•. eÖsÁTØ“ dŸT\uó+„ >±
Ôî#áTÌ¿Ã>·\sÁT.
1. Nick has a smal foot on his left hip. It helps him balancce and enables him to kick
(Combine the sentences with "which")
A. Nick has small foot on his left hip which helps him balance and enables him to kick.
A
2. The people must not throw stones. They live in glass houses. (Combine the sentences with "who")
A. The people who live in glass houses must not throw stones.
3. Nick's mum invented a special plastic device. It meant he could hold a pen and pencil.
HN
(Combine the sentences with "that")
A. Nick's mum invented a special plastic device that meant he could hold a pen and pencil.
4. Nepolean died at St.Selena. He won the French honour.(Combine the senences with "who")
A. Napolean who won the French honour died at St. Helena.
RIS
5. He is the person. I want to meet him. (Combine the sentences with "whom")
A. He is the person whom I want to meet.
6. This is the house. Ram built it. (Combine the sentences with "that")
A. This is the house that Ram built.
7. This is a famous engineering college. I joined engineering in it.
IK
(Combine the sentences with "where")
A. This is a famous engineering college where I joined engineering.
Beginning the sentences with a present participle / past participle
1. He was born in London. He became the citizen of the U.K.
MS
(Rewrite the sentence using non-finite clause)

A. Born in London, he became the citizen of the U.K.
2. I have read the book. I returned it in the library. (Combine the sentences beginning with "Having")
A. Having read the book, I returned it in the library.
VA
3. The thief saw the police. He ran away. (Begin the sentence with "present participle")
A. Seeing the police, the thief ran away.
4. He was recognized by his Boss. He got an appreciation letter. (Begin the sentence with past participle")
A. Recognised by his Boss, he got an appreciation letter.
5. Vincent Van Gogh, who was born in Holland in 1853, is one of the world's famous painters.
(Rewrite the sentence to include non-finite clauses)
A. Born in Holland in 1853, Vincent Van Gogh is one of the world's famous painters.
6. Despite being his talent was unrecognized throughout his life, it was much appreciated after.
(Rewrite the sentence to include non-finite clauses)
A. Although unrecognized throughout his life, his talent was much appreciated after his death.
7. After he had failed in every career he had attempted, Van Gogh first turned to art to express his
strong religious feelings. (Rewrite the sentence to include non-finite clauses)
A. Having failed in every career he had attempted, Van Gogh first turned to art to express
his strong feelings.
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Q. 12 ACTIVE VOICE - PASSIVE VOICE

Q. 12 Change the following sentence into passive voice. 1 Mark
Active Voice qT+&• Passive voice ýË“¿ì ÿ¿£ y•¿±«“• eÖsÁÌeT“ n&•Â><ŠsÁT. B“™|Õ ç|ŸXø•qT General >±
‚eÇe#áTÌ. ¿±¿£bþÔû eÖ¹sÌ $<ó‘q+ eTq+ HûsÁTÌ¿Ãe\d¾q nedŸsÁ+ –+~. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË $esÁDqT çbÍsÁ+uó„+
qT+&• #á<Še&ƒ+ e\q MT Confidence ™|sÁT>·TÔáT+~. @y•¿±«HîÕ•H• dŸ¹s Passive voice ýË“¿ì eÖsÁÌ>·\sÁT. ‡
$uó²>·+™|Õ |Ÿ³T¼ kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” Tables qT kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá >·\sÁT.
Active voice : ÿ¿£ y•¿£«+ýË subject ¿ì çbÍeTTK«Ôá“•dï € y•¿£«+ýË“verb “ Active voice ýË –+<Š“ #îbÍï+.
–<‘ : I eat a mango ⇒ Active voice
⇓
Subject
A
Passive voice : ÿ¿£ y•¿£«+ýË object ¿ì çbÍeTTK«Ôá“•dï € y•¿£«+ýË“ verb “ Passive voice ýË –+<Š“ #îbÍï+.
–<‘ : A mango is eaten by me ⇒ Passive voice
⇓
HN
object
ÿ¿£ y•¿±«“•
Active voice qT+&• Passive voice ýË“¿ì eÖ¹sÌeTT+<ŠT ‡ ç¿ì+~ table “ |Ÿ]o*+#á+&•.
Subject Verb Object
RIS I write a letter
We met him
You watch T.V.
They killed her
He met me
She painted a picture
IK
v Subject kÍœq+ýË I, We, You, He, She, \T –q•$. M{ì“ Subjective case ýË –q•$ n“ #îbÍï+.
v Object kÍœq+ýË Nouns (a letter, T.V., a picture) & pronouns (him, her, me) –q•$. Object kÍœq+ýË
nouns jîTT¿£Ø sÁÖ|ŸeTT eÖsÁ<TŠ . ¿±“ pronouns (him, her, me) jîTT¿£Ø sÁÖ|ŸeTT eÖsÁTqT. ‡ nouns
eT]jáTT pronouns qT objective case ýË –q•$ n“ #îbÍï+.
MS
Subject Object Subject Object

I me We us
He him She her
It it They them
VA
Rama Rama Sita Sita

ÿ¿£ y•¿±«“• Active voice qT+&• Passive voice ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌ³
v ÿ¿£ y•¿±«“• Active voice qT+&• Passive voice ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌ³Å£” 5 dŸÖçÔ•\T >·\eÚ. ‚|ŸÚ&ƒT ÿ¿£
y•¿±«“• –<‘VŸ²sÁD>± rdŸTÅ£”+<‘+.
I eat a mango ⇒ Active voice
Rule - 1: yîTT<Š³ ‚ºÌq y•¿£«+ýË“ subject(I), verb(eat), object(a mango) \qT >·T]ï+º object qT
subject >± eÖ]Ì subject kÍœq+ýË çy•jáÖ*. a mango ‚|ŸÚ&ƒT subject kÍœq+ýË“¿ì yîÞø—ßqT.
object kÍœq+ýË me –+fñ I >±qT, us –+fñ we >±qT, you –+fñ you >±qT, him >± –+fñ he
>±qT her –+fñ she >±qT, it eÚ+fñ it >±qT them >± eÚ+fñ they >±qT, noun –+fñ eÖsÁÌÅ£”+&†
noun qT ný²Hû subject >± eÖsÁTkÍï+.
1
A mango
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Rule - 2 : subject >± eÖ]Ìq object jîTT¿£Ø number (singular / plural) qT >·T]ï+º <‘“¿ì tense Å£”
nqT>·TD+>± helping verb qT CË&•+#•*. ‡ y•¿£«+ýË a mango, singular number n>·TqT.
¿±eÚq <‘“¿ì ÿ¿£ singular helping verb qT CË&•+#•*. Passive voice ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT
singular / plural number ™|Õ ne>±VŸ²q nedŸsÁ+. ™|Õq ‚ºÌq y•¿£«+ýË“ tense simple present
tense ýË ¿£\<ŠT. helping verbs >± is / are / am \ýË mango ¿ì is dŸ]bþÔáT+~.
is / are / am
>
1 2
A mango is
Rule - 3 : helping verb ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v3 (past participle) sÁÖ|Ÿ+ çy•jáÖ*.

1 2 3
A
A mango is eaten
ç|Ÿ¿£Øq nqT –+#•*.
HN
Rule - 4 : v3 by preposition
1 2 3 4
A mango is eaten by
Rule - 5: ‚|ŸÚ&ƒT subject qT object >± eÖ]Ì object kÍœq+ýË çy•jáÖ*. Subject kÍœq+ýË“ I, object
kÍœq+ýË“¿ì yîÞø—ßq|ŸÚ&ƒT me >± eÖsÁTqT.
RIS A mango
1 2
is
3
eaten
4
by
5
me
Note : subject qT object >± object qT subject eÖsÁTÌ³Å£” ‡ table –|ŸjîÖ>·|Ÿ&ƒTqT.

IK
Subject < > Object Subject < > Object
I < > me She < > her
We < > us It < > it
MS
You < > you They < > them

He < > him Sita < > Sita
I eat a mango (HûqT eÖ$T&• Ü+{²qT) → Activive voice

A mango is eaten by me. (eÖ$T&• |Ÿ+&ƒT H• #ûÔá Üq‹&ƒTqT) → Passive voice
VA
Note : ç|ŸÜ tense ýË eTÖ&ƒe sÁÖýÙýË helping verb, subject ¿ì nqT>·TD+>± eÖsÁTqT. M{ì ¿=sÁÅ£” ‡
ç¿ì+~ structures “ n<ó‘«jáTq+ #û•dï passive voice ýË eÖsÁTÌ³ nÜ dŸT\uó+„ .
S + V1 (s / es) + O → A.V.
Simple present
O + is / are / am + V3 + by + S → P.V.
Examples :
1. She writes letters → A.V. 3. Ramu blames me. → A.V.
Letters are written by her → P.V. I am blamed by Ramu → P.V.
2. He repairs the radio. → A.V. 4. He praises me → A.V.
The radio is repaired by him. → P.V. I am praised by him → P.V.
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S + is / are / am + V1 + ing + O → A.V.

Present
continous tense → P.V.
O + is being / are being / am being + V3 + by + S
Examples :
3. Srilekha is using a dictionary. → A.V.
1. She is washing plates. → A.V.
A dictionary is being used by Srilekha. → P.V.
Plates are being washed by her. → P.V.
4. I am watering the plants. → A.V.
2. He is writing an examination. → A.V.
The plants are being watered by me. → P.V.
An examination is being written by him.→ P.V.
S + have / has + V3 + O → A.V.

Present perfect tense
O + has been / have been + V3 + by + S → P.V.
A
Examples :
1. I have eaten a banana. → A.V. 3. Sindhu has taken my pen. → A.V.
HN
A banana has been eaten by me. → P.V. My pen has been taken by Sindhu. → P.V.
2. You have drawn the picture. → A.V. 4. Revathi has written a letter. → A.V.
The picture has been drawn by you. → P.V. A letter has been written by Revathi. → P.V.
RIS
Present perfect continuous, Past perfect continouse, Future perfect continuous tense
\Å£” passive voice sÁÖ|ŸeTT\T ýñeÚ.
S + V2 + O → Active voice
Simple past
IK
O + was / were + V3 + by + S → Passive voice
Examples :
1. The fire damaged the building. → A.V. 4. The girl finished her project work. → A.V.
MS
The building was damaged by the fire.→ P.V. The project work was finished by the girl→P.V.
2. Tagore wrote the Geetanjali. → A.V. 5. Alice posted the letters. →A.V.
The Geetanjali was written by Tagore. → P.V. The letters were posted by Alice. →A.V.
3. The teacher praised him → A.V. 6. The hostess received us. → A.V.
VA
He was praised by the teacher. → P.V. We were received by the hotess.→P.V.
S + was / were + V1 + ing + O → Active voice

Past continuous Tense:
O + was / were + being + V3 + by + S → Passive voice
Examples :
1. She was counting the eggs. → A.V.
3. Sindhu was painting a picture. → A.V.
The eggs were being counted by her. → P.V.
A picture was being painted by Sindhu → P.V.
2. I was writing a letter. → A.V.
4. Malathi was watching T.V. → A.V.
A letter was written by me. → P.V.
T.V. was being watched by Malathi. → P.V.
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S + had + V3 + O → Active voice

Past perfect tense :
O + had been + V3 + by + S → Passive voice
Examples : 3. Latha had made pots. → A.V.
1. B.Chari had completed the work. → A.V. Pots had been made by Latha. → P.V.
The work had been completed by B.Chari →P.V. 4. Father had provided for my education. → A.V.
2. She had painted the doors. → A.V. My education had been provided for by
The doors had been painted by her. → P.V. my father. → P.V.
S + shall / will + V1 + O → Active voice

Simple Future :
O + will be / shall be + V3 + by + S → Passive voice
A
Examples :
1. I shall buy a book tomorrow. → A.V. 3. He will damage my popularity. → A.V.
HN
A book will be bought by me. → P.V. My popularity will be damaged by him. → P.V.
2. She will meet me tomorrow. → A.V. 4. Latha will complete the work. → A.V.
I shall be met by her tomorrow. → P.V. The work will be completed by Latha. → P.V.
RIS Future continuouse tens e ¿ì passive form ýñ<ŠT.
Future perfect tense : S + will have / shall have + V3 + O → Active voice

IK
O + will have been / shall have been + V3 + by + S → Passive voice
Examples : 3. Vijaya Lakshmi will have cooked

1. I shall have completed the work. → A.V. food.→A.V.
MS
The work will have been completed by me. → P.V. Food will have been cooked by Vijaya
2. He will have bought a car. → A.V. Lakshmi → P.V.
A car will have been bought by him.→ P.V. 4. Jayaram will have painted the door. → A.V.
The door will have been painted by
Jayaram. → P.V.
VA
Learn some other structures :

S + can / could / would / should / may / might / must / ought to + V1 + O → A.V.
O + can be / could be / would be/ should be / may be / might be / must be /

→ P.V.
ought to be + V3 + by + S
Examples :
3. You ought to keep your promises clean. → A.V.
1. I can speak English. → A.V.
Your pomises ought to be kept clean. → P.V.
English can be spoken by me.→ P.V.
4. Anandini could win the prize. → A.V.
2. You should use the passive voice sparingly.→A.V.
The prize could be won by Anandini → P.V.
The passive voice should be used by you
sparingly. → P.V.
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Note : - ‚ºÌq y•¿£«+ýË 2 objects –q•³¢sTTÔû @ object ýËHîÕH• çbÍsÁ+_ó+º passive voice s•jáTe#áTÌ.
@ object ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+_ó+ºq|ŸÎ{ì¿¡ Âs+&ƒe object qT V3 ç|Ÿ¿£Øq çy•jáÖ*.
1. Mr. Rao teaches us grammar.. → A.V.
We are taught grammar by Mr. Rao.→ P.V. ......... (1)
(OR)
Grammar is taught to us by Mr. Rao. → P.V. ..... (2)
2. She wrote me a letters. → A.V.
I was written a letter by her. → ............... (1) P.V.
(OR)
A letter was written to me by her. → ............... (2) P.V.
Note : - Subject kÍœq+ýË Indefinite pronouns (someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, every-
A
one, everybody, none, nobody \T –q•³¢sTTÔû M{ì“ passive voice ýË çy•jáTqedŸsÁ+ýñ<ŠT.
Someone has stolen my pen. → A.V. ⇒
HN
1. My pen has been stolen.→ P.V.
2. Somebody killed a dog. → A.V. ⇒ A dog was killed. → P.V.
3. Everyone can speak Telugu. → A.V. ⇒ Telugu can be spoken.→ P.V.
Do / Does + S + V1 + O ? → Active voice

RIS
(Simple present)
Interrogative Is / am / are + O + V3 + by + S ? → Passive voice
1. Do they paint the wall ? → A.V. ⇒ Is the wall painted by them ? → P.V.
2. Does she buy mangoes ? → A.V. ⇒ Are mangoes bought by her ? → P.V.
IK
Did + S + V1 + O ? → Active voice
(Simple past)
Interrogative was / were + O + V3 + by + S ? → Passive voice
MS
1. Did they paint the wall ? → A.V. ⇒ Was the wall painted by them ? → P.V.
2. Did Tagore write the Geetanjali ? → A.V. ⇒ Was the Geetanjali written by Tagore?→ P.V.
Yes / No questions “ passive ýË çy•jáTT³Å£”structure : (future, continuous & perfect tenses)

VA
H.V. + obj + be / been/being +V3 + by + subject ?

1. Have you solved the problem ? (present perfect) ⇒ Has the problem been solved by you ?
⇒ Is the door being painted by her ?
2. Is she painting the door ? (present continuous)
3. Will he buy a book ? (simple furure) ⇒ Will a book be bought by him ?
4. Had Sridevi written a letter ? (past perfect) ⇒ Had a letter been written by Sridevi ?
5. Was Sujatha cooking food ? (past continuous) ⇒ Was food being cooked by Sujatha ?
Imperative Sentence : Subject ýñ“ y•¿±«“• imperative sentence n+{²sÁT. ‚~ V1 ÔÃ >±“
Don't ÔÃ >±“ Please ÔÃ>±“ çbÍsÁ+uó„yîT® fullstop ÔÃ n+ÔáeT>·TqT. ‚+<ŠTýË Objet qT ¿£*Ð –q• y•¿±«“•
Transitive sentence n+{²sÁT. B“¿ì passive structure :
Let + obj + be + V3
1. Close the door. → Let the door be closed.3. Paint the wall. → Let the wall be painted.
2. Pay the fee → Let the fee be paid. 4. Post the letter. → Let the letter be posted.
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Note : ¿=“• verbs qT passive ýË çy•jáTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT by ¿ì ‹<ŠT\T yû¹s preposition e#áTÌqT.
marry - married to
know - known to 1. I know her. (A.V.) ⇒ She is known to me. (P.V.)
surprise - surprised at 2. He married her (A.V.) ⇒ She was married to him. (P.V.)
vex - vexed with 3. His answers pleased me (A.V.) ⇒ I was pleased with his answers (P.V.)
please - pleased with
Who : Who ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„eTjûT« y•¿±«“¿ì passive structure

By whom + h.v + obj + V3 ?
Note : Modern English ýË By whom ¿ì ‹<ŠT\T By who Å£L&† –|ŸjîÖÐdŸTïH••sÁT. ‡ Âs+&ƒT dŸ]jî®Tqyû.
1. Who writes a letter ? (simple present) ⇒ By whom is a letter written ?
A
2. Who wrote a letter ? (simple past) ⇒ By whom was a letter written ?
3. Who is writing a letter ? (present continuous) ⇒ By whom is a letter being written ?
HN
4. Who can speak English ? (simple future) ⇒ By whom can English be spoken ?
5. Who has eaten a mango ? (present perfect) ⇒ By whom has a mango been eaten ?
6. Who was painting the wall ? (past continuous) ⇒ By whom was the wall being painted ?
RIS
Q. 12 Change the following sentence into passive voice 1 Mark
1. Anandini eats a mango. 11. Kaleswar had written a letter.

A. A mango is eaten by Anandini. A. A letter had been written by Kaleswar.
IK
2. He is painting the door. 12. Mokshasri can sing songs.
A. The door is being painted by him. A. Songs can be sung by Mokshasri.
3. The boy has completed his homework. 13. Close the door.
MS
A. The homework has been completed by the A. Let the door be closed.
boy. 14. Krishna teaches us grammar.
4. The police have arrested the terrorist. A. We are taught grammar by Krishna
A. The terrorist has been arrested. (Or)
5. Tagore wrote the Geetanjali. Grammar is taught to us by Krishna.
VA
A. The Geetanjali was written by Tagore. 15. Johnavi would buy a car.
6. They marketed our products. A. A car would be bought by johnavi.
A. Our products were marketed (by them) 16. Who wrote the Ramayana ?
7. Parvathi posted the letter. A. By whom was the Ramayana written ?
A. The letter was posted by Parvathi. 17. She will damage my popularity.
A. My popularity will be damaged by her.
8. The girl finished her project work.
18. I know her.
A. The project work was finished by the girl.
A. She is known to me.
9. Someone killed the snake with a stick.
19. They should feed the cat twice a day.
A. The snake was killed with a stick.
A. The cat should be fed twice a day.
10. She was counting the eggs.
20. Columbus discovered America.
A. The eggs were being counted by her.
A. America was discovered by Columbus.
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Q. 13 REPORTED SPEECH
Q. 13 Change the following into Reported speech. 1 Mark
Reported Speech $uó²>·+ýË mark kÍ~ó+#•\+fñ Direct Speech ýË“ Indirect Speech ýË“ sÁÖbÍ\™|Õ
ne>±VŸ²q –+&†*. ‡ uó²>·+ýË“ ç|ŸXø•qT 5e Unit qT+&• n&•Â><ŠsÁT. ç¿ì+<Š ‚ºÌq $esÁDqT #á<Še>·\sÁT. ‡
ç|ŸXø•™|Õ ne>±VŸ²q ¿=sÁÅ£” ¿=“• Tables qT kÍ<óqŠ #ûjÖá * eT]jáTT Text Book ýË“ n+Xæ\qT bõ+<ŠT|Ÿs#Á &á +ƒ
È]Ð+~.
Reported speech qT 2 uó²>±\T>± $uó› „ +#•sÁT. (1) Direct Speech (2) Indirect speech
Direct Speech : ÿ¿£sÁT #î|¾Îq $wŸjáÖ“• n<û $<óŠ+>± #î|¾Îq³¢sTTÔû € y•¿£«eTT Direct speech ýË –+<Š“
#îbÍïeTT. ‚+<ŠTýË 2 uó²>±\T ¿£\eÚ.
1) Reporting part : Quotations ‹jáT³ –+&ƒTqT. 2) Reported part : Quotations ýË|Ÿ\ –+&ƒTqT.
A
Anandini said, "I am singing now" (D.S.)
⇓ ⇓
HN
Reporting part Reported part
Note : Reporting part ýË“ verb - saidn>·TqT. Reported part ýË“ verb - am singing n>·TqT.
Ôî\T>·T : €q+~“ #î™|ÎqT »»HûqT ‚|Ÿð&ƒT bÍ&ƒT#áTH••qTµµ. (D.S.)
Indirect Speech : ÿ¿£sÁT #î|¾Îq $wŸjáÖ“• nÔá“ ÔásÁ|˜ŸÚq yûs=¿£]¿ì #î|¾Îq³¢sTTÔû € y•¿£«eTT Indirect
speech ýË –+<Š“ #îbÍïeTT.
RIS Anandini said that she was singing then. (I.D.S.)
Ôî\T>·T : €q+~“ n|ŸÚ&ƒT €yîT bÍ&ƒT#áTH••q“ #î™|ÎqT. (I.D.S.)
ÿ¿£ y•¿±«“• Direct speech qT+&• Indirect speech ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌ³Å£” ç¿ì+~ “jáTeÖ\T bÍ{ì+#áeýÉqT.
Rule - 1 : yîTT<Š³ Reported part ýË“ persons qT >·T]ï+º y•{ì“ Reporting part ýË“ person ¿ì
nqT>·TD+>± 3rd person ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTkÍï+.
IK
Anandini said, "I am singing now" Sukumar said, "I wrote a letter"
⇓ ⇓
She he
MS
B“ ¿=sÁÅ£” ‡ ç¿ì+~ table –|ŸjÖî >·|&Ÿ Tƒ qT. ‡ n+Xø+ #•ý² C²ç>·Ô>ïá ± >·eT“+#áeýÉqT.
Direct speech Indirect spech Direct speech Indirect spech
I he / she me him / her
my his / her we they
us them our their
VA
you he / she your his / her

you him / her
Rule - 2 : persons “ eÖ]q Ôás•ÇÔá verb “ eÖs•Ì*. Reporting part ýË“ verb, simple past ýË
–q•³¢sTTÔû (V2) reported part ýË“ verb “ ‡ ç¿ì+~ $<óŠ+>± eÖs•Ì*.
Direct speech Indirect spech
S + V1 (s / es) ⇒ S + V2
S + V2 ⇒ S + had + V3
S + is / am / are + V1 + ing ⇒ S + was / were + V1 + ing
S + was / were + V1 + ing ⇒ S + had been + V1 + ing
S + have / has + V3 ⇒ S + had + V3
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S + have been / has been + V1 + ing ⇒ S + had been + V1 + ing

S + had been + V1 + ing ⇒ S + had been + V1 + ing
S + shall / will + V1 ⇒ S + would / should + V1
S + should + V1 ⇒ S + should + V1
S + can / could + V1 ⇒ S + could + V1
S + may / might + V1 ⇒ S + might + V1
S + must + V1 ⇒ S + had to + V1
S + don't / doesn't + V1 ⇒ S + didn't + V1
S + didn't + V1 ⇒ S + had not + V3
Anandini said, "I am singing now"
⇓ ⇓
A
She was singing
Rule - 3 : Direct speech ýË ‚¿£Ø&ƒ nqT eÖ³ Indirect speech ýË n¿£Ø&ƒ nqT eÖ³>± eÖsÁTqT.
Direct speech Indirect spech Direct speech Indirect spech
HN
now then this that
these those here there
just then ago before
RIS today that day yesterday the previousday /
the day before
tomorrow the next day /
the following day
Anandini said, "I am singing now"
⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓
IK
She was singing then
‚|ŸÎ{ì esÁÅ£”Reported part ýË“ uó²>±\qT eÖsÁTÌ³ Ôî\TdŸTÅ£”H••+. M{ì“ Reporting part ¿ì ¿£\T|ŸÚÔáÖ
Indirect speech çy•kÍï+. 4 sÁ¿±\ y•¿±«\Å£” eTqeTT Indirect Speech ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTkÍï+. >·eT“+#á>\
· sÁT.
1. Assertive sentence 3. Imperative sentence
MS
2. Interrogative sentence 4. Exclamatory sentence

MODEL - 1 : ASSERTIVE SENTENCE
Assertive Sentence : Subject ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uóy„ Tî ® Fullstop ÔÃ n+ÔáeTjûT« y•¿£«+.
Ex. : I am eating a banana now.
I went to school yesterday.
VA
she is watching T.V.

eÖsÁTÌ $<ó‘q+ → Reporting Verb : said = said
said to = told
connecting word : that
Note : Indirect speech ýË quotations qT Ô=\Ð+º Reporting part “ Reported part qT that nHû
Mokshaconjunction ÔÃ ¿£\bÍ*.
ÿ¿£ –<‘VŸ²sÁDqT |Ÿ]o*<‘Ý+ :
Swetha said to her brother, "I went to school yesterday".
1 2 3 4
Reportint part ýË verb said to Indirect ýË told >± eÖsÁTqT. I, Swetha ¿ì dŸ+‹+~ó+ºq~ ¿±eÚq she >±qT,
went – V2 ¿±eÚq had + V3 >±qT, yesterday the previous day >± eÖsÁTqT.
Swetha told her brother that she had gone to school the previous day.
1 2 3 4
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‡ ç¿ì+~ –<‘VŸ²sÁD\T |Ÿ]o*+#á+&•. 9. They said, "we were watching T.V."
1. Ram said, " I am feeling well" A. They said that they had been watching
A. Ram said that he was feeling well. T.V.
2. Neelima said "my job is very interesting" 10. Malathi said to Harathi, "I did not go to
A. Neelima said that her job was very inter- college yesterday".
esting. A. Malathi told Harathi that she had n't
3. Ravi said, "I want to go to New York next year. gone to college the previous day.
A. Ravi said that he wanted to go to New 11. Krishna said to Iswarya, "I met your father
York the following year. yesterday".
4. Ravi said, "I woke up feeling well, so I didn't A. Krishna told Iswarya that he had met
go to work". her father the previous day.
A. Ravi said that he had woken up feeling 12. Soumya said to Sarala "You are studying
A
well, so he hadn't gone to work. well"
5. Man said to woman "I am doing a survey on A. Soumya told Sarala that she was study-
HN
shopping habits" ing well.
A. Man told woman that she was doing a sur- Note : Reported part ýË universal truths,
vey on shopping habits. general truths, proverbs –q•³¢sTTÔû
I.D.S. ýË y•{ì sÁÖ|Ÿ+ eÖsÁÌs•<ŠT.
6. She said, "I have seen this film"
1. He said "Honey is sweet"
A. She said that she had seen that film.
7.
A.
RIS
He said, "I am hungry"
He said that he was hungry.
A. He said that honey is sweet.
2. She said, "The earth moves around the sun.
A. She said that the earth moves around
8. My uncle said, "I will go to London next year".
the sun.
A. My uncle said that he would go to Lon-
3. He said, "The sun rises in the east"
IK
don the following year.
A. He said that the sun rises in the east
MODEL - 2 : INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
ç|Ÿ¥•+#á&†“¿ì –|ŸjîÖÐ+#áT y•¿±«\T. ‚$ 2 sÁ¿±\T (1) Yes / No questions, (2) Wh - questions
MS
(1) Yes / No questions

Helping verb ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„yîT® question mark ÔÃ n+ÔáeTjûT« y•¿±«\T.
Ex. : 1) Are you studying now ?
2) Is she reading a book ?
VA
3) Can you speak English ?

I.D.S. ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌ $<ó‘q+ : Reporting verb : said to → asked
Connecting word : if / whether
Note : Yes / No questions “ Indirect speech ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT Reported part “
If / whether + S + V sÁÖ|Ÿ+ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTkÍï+.
1) She said to him, "Can you speak English" 3) He said to her, "Are you studying well"?
⇓ ⇓ ↓ ⇓ ⇓ ↓
asked if he could speak Englishasked if she was studying well
A) She asked him if he could speak English. A) He asked her if she was studying.
2) He said to me, "Have you bougt a car ?"
⇓ ⇓
↓
asked if I had bought a car

A) He asked me if I had bought a car.
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1. He said to her, "Have you done your home work?"
A. He asked her if she had done her home work.
2. My father said to me, "were you watching T.V. last night" ?
A. My father asked me if I had been watching T.V. the previous night
Note : Reported part ýË do / does ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„eTjûT« question “ I.D.S ýË If + S + V2 >±qT, did
ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„eTjûT« question “ I.D.S. ýË if + S + had + V3 >±qT eÖsÁTkÍï+.
1. Revathi said to Krishna "Do you drink coffee"?
A. Revati asked Krishna if he drank coffee.
2. Revathi said to Krishna, "Did you see the king yesterday?"
A. Ravathi asked Krishna if he had seen the king the previous day.
3. She said to him, "Do you sing" ?
A
A. She asked him if he sang.
4. He said to her "Did you go to college yesterday?"
HN
A. He asked her if she had gone to college the previous day.
2. Wh - Questions
Wh - words (where, why, how, when, what, which) ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„yîT® question mark ÔÃ n+ÔáeT>·TqT.
‚$ Wh - word + h.v. + S + V ? sÁÖ|Ÿ+ýË –+&ƒTqT.
RIS Ex. : 1) What are you doing ?
2) Where is she going ?
3) How are you ?
eÖsÁTÌ $<ó‘q+ → Reporting verb → asked, questioned, enquired
IK
Connecting word → Wh - word
Note : Wh - questions “ I.D.S. ýË“¿ì eÖsÁTÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT Wh - word + S + V sÁÖbÍ“• nqTdŸ]kÍï+.

MS
1. Renuka said to Mounica "Where are you going ?"

⇓
↓
asked Where she was going

A. Renuka asked Mounica where she was going.
2. Roshan said to Ranjit "Why have you done this ?"
VA
⇓
↓
asked Why he had done that

A. Roshan asked Ranjit why he had done that.
3. Sindhu said to Mamatha "why do you drink coffee"?
A. Sindhu asked Mamatha why she drank coffee.
4. Sravan said to Gopi "Where did you go yesterday ?"
A. Sravan asked Gopi where he had gone yesterday.
5. Bhavyasri said to Sruthi, "How many marks have you got in English?"
A. Bhavyasri asked Sruthi how many marks she had got in English.
6. He said to her "How are you ?"
A. He asked her how he was.
7. He said to me, "What are you doing ?"
A. He asked me what I was doing.
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8. He said to her, "Where is your house ?"
A. He asked her where her house was.
9. The man said to the woman, " How often do you eat hamburgers ?"
A. The man asked the woman how often she ate hamburgers.
10. N.K.H. Radio said "How is peace connected to a good environment" ?
A. N.K.H. Radio asked how peace was connected to a good environment.
MODEL - 3 : IMPERATIVE SENTENCE
V1 ýË >±“ Don't ÔÃ >±“ please ÔÃ >±“ çbÍsÁ+uó„yîT® Fullstop ÔÃ n+ÔáeTjûT« y•¿£«+.
1) Please come in.
2) Get out.
3) Dont smoke.
A
eÖsÁTÌ $<ó‘q+ : Reporting verb → said to → requested
ordered
HN
advised
commanded
asked
RIS Connecting word ⇒ to + infinitive (to + V1 )
Note: Don't ÔÃ çbÍsÁ+uó„eTjûT« y•¿±«“¿ì not to + Infinitive “ –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+.
1. She said to him, "Get out of the room". 6. The judge said, "Call the witness"
A. She ordered him to get out of room. A. The judge ordered to call the witness.
2. The doctor said to the patient, "Take rest" 7. The officer said to the peon, "Come early".
IK
A. The doctor advised the patient to take A. The officer ordered the peon to come
rest. early.
3. The visitor said to them, "Please take me to 8. The officer said to the peon, "Dont come
the officer" late again"
MS
A. The visitor requested them to take him A. The officer ordered the peon not to
to the officer. come late again.
4. He said to her, "Sit here" 9. She said to him, "Post this letter".
A. He ordered her to sit there. A. She asked him to post that letter.
VA
5. The doctor said to the patient "Don't smoke"

A. The doctor advised the patient not to
smoke.
Model 4 : Exclamatory Sentence
€XøÌsÁ«+, dŸ+ÔÃwŸ+, <ŠT'K+ yîTTöö uó²y•\T Ôî*jáTCñjáTT y•¿±«\T. ‚+<ŠTýË exclamatory mark (!) –+&ƒTqT.
How big the elephant is !
Hurrah ! I have won the first prize.
What a beautiful flower the rose is !
eÖsÁTÌ $<ó‘q+ : Reporting verb : said → exclaimed / wondered
Connecting word : that
Note : I.D.S. ýË quotations qT Ô=\Ð+#•* eT]jáTT Interjections (Alas! Hurrah!) qT Å£L&† Ô=\Ð+#•*.
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1. He said, "What a fool I am !" 4. He said, "Hurrah ! I have won the first prize"
He exclaimed that he was a fool. He exclaimed with joy that he had won
2. He said, "How selfish I have been !" the first prize.
He exclaimed that he had been very 5. The frog said, "What a feast it is !"
selfish. The frog exclaimed that it was a great
3. He said, Alas ! I am ruined !" feast.
He exclaimed with a sigh that he was 6. The boy said, "How big the elephant is !"
ruined. The boy wondered that it was a big el-
ephant.
Q. 13 Change the following into Reported speech (Text Book) 1 Mark
A
Report the following into Indirect speech 7. The man said to the woman, "How often
1. Ram said, "I am feeling well" do you eat hamburgers?"
HN
A. Ram said that he was feeling well. A. The man asked the woman how often
she ate hamburgers.
2. Neelima said, "My new job is very interest-
ing" 8. The teacher said to her students "use Ox-
A. Neelima said that her new job was very
RIS ford dictionary"
interesting. A. The teacher advised her students to use
(Or) Oxford dictionary.
Neelima said that her new job is very 9. She said to Ramana, "Are you busy now?"
interesting. A. She asked Ramana if he was busy then.
IK
3. Ravi said, "I want to go to New York next 10. She said, "Honey is sweet"
year "
A. She said that honey is sweet.
A. Ravi told me that he wanted to go to New
11. "I can remember the time" she said wist-
MS
York the following year

fully, when all the fields around this village
(Or)
were green and the harvests good "
Ravi told me that he wants to go to New
A. She said wistfully that she could remem-
York the following year.
ber the time when all the fields around
VA
4. Ravi said "I woke up feeling well, so I did that village had been green and harvests
n't go to work. good.
A. Ravi said that he had woken up feeling
12. "They said that factories need leather to
well. So he had n't gone to work.
make shoes, handbags and clothes. They
5. N.K.H Radio : How is peace connected to a said our menfolk would get jobs. They said
good environment ? we would all become rich.
A. N.K.H. Radio asked how peace was con- A. It was reported that they had said that
nected to a good environment. the factories needed leather to make
6. Man to woman "I am doing a survey on shoes, handbags and clothes, their
shopping habits". menfolk would get jobs and they would
A. Man told woman that he was doing a sur- all become rich
vey on shopping habits.
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Q. 14 COMBINING THE SENTENCES USING ADVERBS

Q. 14 Combining the senteces using adverbs : as / since / because / if / when /
inspite of / such -that / although / so that / neighter - nor / besides 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË“ ç|ŸXø•qT unit - 3 eT]jáTT unit - 6 ýË ‚ºÌq combination of sentences ™|Õ n&•Â><ŠsÁT.
¿±eÚq € n+Xæ\qT ‡ ç¿ì+<Š bõ+<ŠT|ŸsÁ#á&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. M{ì“ m¿£Ø&ƒ –|ŸjîÖÐ+#•yîÖ >·eT“+º kÍ<óŠq #ûjáT+&•.
1. The roads were not good. He preferred less luggage. (Combine the sentences using "as")
A. As the roads were not good, he preferred less luggage.
2. He wanted to stay at home for some more days. He wanted to apply for leave.
(Combine the sentences using "since"
A. Since he wanted to stay at home for some more days, he wanted to apply for leave.
A
3. There was nobody in the village to carry the author's luggage. Everybody was engaged in some
important work. (Combine the sentences using "because")
HN
A. There was nobody in the village to carry the auther's luggage because everybody was
engaged in some important work.
4. You may not attend the class. You don't want to come again. (Combine the sentences using "if")
A. You may not attend the class if you don't want to come again.
5.
RIS
The boy was about to come down the stairs. Then it crumbled down.
(Combine the sentences using "When"
A. When the boy was about to come down the stairs, it crumbled down.
6. There were freezing temperatures. They trekked for hours.
IK
(Combine the sentences using "Inspite of"
A. In spite of freezing temperatures, they trekked for hours.
7. It's an interesting city. We are going to visit it again.
MS
(Combine the sentences using" such - that")

A. It is such an interesting story that we are going to visit it again.
8. We booked a holiday. We had very little money. (Combine the sentences using "Although")
A. We booked a holiday although we had very little money.
VA
9. The tour guide was informative. We didn't need to read our guide book.
(Combine the sentences using "so - that")
A. The tour guide was so informative that we didn't need to read our guide book.
10. Jainulabdeen had no formal education and wealth. (Combine the sentences using " neither - nor")
A. Jainulabdeen had neither formal education nor wealth.
11. The continental dimensions of the country account for the variations and diversities. There are
several religious sets and beliefes. (Combine the sentences using "Besides")
A. Besides there being several religious sets and beliefs, the continental dimensions of
the country account for the variations and diversities.
12. Preachers preach many good things. Many of them don't practice when they preach.
(Combine the sentences using "However"
A. Preachers preach many good things, however many of them don't practise what they preach.
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Q. 15 g PREPOSITIONS (TEXTUAL) g
Q. 15 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in brackets. 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË 2 n+Xæ\™|Õ ç|ŸX•ø \T n&•>Â <ŠsTÁ . 15 a. ç¿ì+<Š compound prepositional phrases, 15. b ç¿ì+<Š
prepositions ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•\T ‚eÇ‹&ƒTqT. Compound prepositional phrases >·T]+º unit - 2 ýË ¿£\eÚ. prepo-
sitions >·T]+º unit - 4 ýË ¿£\eÚ. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË eÖsÁTØqT kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” ‚¿£Ø&ƒ bõ+<ŠT|Ÿ]ºq compound
preposition phrases qT nsÁe œ +Ôá+>± #á<eŠ >·\sÁT. prepositions qT #á~yû³|Ÿð&ƒT @ verb ç|Ÿ¿£Øq @ preposi-
tion –+<Ã >·TsÁTï+#áT¿Ã+&•. prepositions qT mÅ£”ØekÍsÁT¢ #á~$q|ŸÚ&ƒT y•{ì“ >·TsÁTï™|³T¼¿Ãe#áTÌqT.
15 a. Compound prepositional phrases

1. I finished my project work several days ahead of the deadline (eTT+<ŠT>±qT)
A
2. Sravani goes to school along with Yamula daily. (¿£*d¾)
3. My house stands apart from all the other houses in the street as it is big in size. (nqT>·TD+>±)
HN
4. Madhu got a job by means of his own abilities and skills. (‡ eÖsÁ+Z ýË)
5. She was unable to attend the party due to her marriage enagement. (€¿±sÁD+ #ûÔá)
6. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. (ný² È]Ðq |Ÿ¿£Œ+ýË)
Sriram continued his batting carefully for the sake of his team though he was hungry. (eT+º¿=sÁÅ”£ )
7.
8.
RIS
You should complete your B.Ed. in addition to your B.S.C to get a teacher job. (n<Šq+>±)
9. The physical director of our school selected me in place of my friend, Ganesh, for tomorrow's
match. (€ kÍœq+ýË)
10. Inspite of his poverty, he completed his Ph.D in English. (¿£wŸ¼+nsTTq|ŸÎ{ì¿¡)
IK
11. Victoria dressed according to her mother's instructions (nqTdŸ]+º)
12. You both say that because of what I have told you about leaving my money. (m+<ŠT¿£q>±)
13. It was here instead of in his room. (‹<ŠT\T>±)
MS
15 b. Prepositions : Verbs ç|Ÿ¿£Øq –q• preposition qT >·TsÁTï+#áT+¿Ã+&•

1. All last winter Sharath suffered from coughs 11. If you continue to support someone who is
and colds. in trouble you are loyal to them.
VA
2. Anand is unaccustomed to the heat. 12. If you don't understand any of these words,
3. Kumar was afraid of his enemies. You could refer to a dictionary.
4. Sriram was always arguing with his brother. 13. It wasn't his car, infact I don't know who it
belongs to,
5. Sindhu was dedicated to her job.
14. My problems are very similar to yours.
6. Priyanka was shocked at the hatred they had
shown. 15. People started to shout at the driver.
7. I said to you, "I am thinking of going to 16. She had always been bad at languages.
America. I have actually dreamt of it. 17. She listened to me and then told me about
her problems.
8. I want to talk to the group about their exams.
18. The accident sadly resulted in the death
9. I was terrified by her. of a man.
10. I've always been terribly fond of you. 19. The buses are often late, so you can't
depend on them.
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20. They may feel jealous of your success. 24. He was very fond of Jimmy.
21. I am amazed at you, victoria. 25. I am sure I am sorry for it.
22. Victoria, a precocious girl of ten, was 26. You have been waiting for me to begin tea.
dressed in colours. 27. I see the little trifles that belonged to father
23. He is trying to adapt himself to the regret- lying around.
table occasion. 28. This always appelaed to me.
Q. 15 a) Compound prepositional phrases (Practice)

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in brackets.
1. I finished my project work several days ........................... (ahead of / in spite of) the deadline.
2. Sravani goes to school ......................................................(along with / in spite of) Yamuna.
A
3. My house stands ..................................................(in accordance with / apart from) all the other
houses in the street as it is big in size.
HN
4. Madhu got a good job ..........................(instead of / by means of) his own abilities and skills.
5. She was unable to attend the party ............. (in addition to / due to) her marriage engagement.
6. .................................................................. (In spite of / in case of) fire, ring the alarm bell.
7. Sriram continued his batting carefully ..................................................................................
(in addition to / for the sake of) his team though he was hungry.
RIS
8. You should complete your B.Ed. .........................................................................................
(in addition to / according to ) your B.Sc. to get a teacher job.
9. The physical director of our school selected me ...................................................................
(in spite of / in place of) my friend, Ganesh for tomorrow's match.
10. ........................ (In spite of / For the sake of) his poverty, he completed his Ph.D. in English.
IK
ANSWERS
1. ahead of 2. along with 3. apart from 4. by means of 5. due to
6 In case of 7. for the sake of 8. In additoin to 9. In place of 10. Inspite of
MS
Q. 15 b) Suitable Prepositions (Practice)

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions given in brackets.
1. All last winter Sharath suffered............................................. (from / with) coughs and colds.
VA
2. Anand is unaccustomed............................................................................ (for / to) the heat.

3. Kumar was afraid .......................................................................... (about / of) his enemies.
4. Sriram was always arguing ................................................................. (to / with) his brother.
5. Sindhu was dedicated................................................................................ (to / for) her job.
6. Priyanka was shocked ................................................. (with / at) the hatred they had shown.
7. I said ................................................(to / for) you, "I am thinking ............ (about / of) going
to America. I have actually dreamt ................................................................ (about / of) it."
8. I want to talk .............................................................. (to / by) the group about their exams.
9. I was terrified.............................................................................................. (with / by) her.
10. I've always been terribly fond ........................................................................(with / of) her.
11. If you continue to support someone who is in trouble, you are loyal ................. (to / for) them.
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12. If you don't understand any of these words, you could refer .................(with / to) a dictionary.
13. It wasn't his car, in fact I don't know who it belongs ............................................... (for / to).
14. My problems are very similar .................................................................... (with / to) yours.
15. People started to shout .........................................................................(with / at) the driver.
16. She had always been bad ........................................................................(in / at) languages.
17. She listened ....................(by / to) me and then told me ............... (with/ about) her problems.
18. The accident sadly resulted ..........................................................(by / in) the death of man.
19. The buses are often late, so you can't depend ................................................ (by / on) them.
20. They may feel jealous .................................................................... (of / with) your success.
21. I am amazed ..................................................................................... (to / at) you, Victoria.
A
22. Victoria, a precocious girl of ten, was dressed........................................... (in / with) colours.
23. He is trying to adapt himself ............................................... (to / in) the regrettable occasion.
HN
24. He was very fond ...................................................................................... (of / for) Jimmy.
25. I am sure I am sorry ..........................................................................................(to / for) it.
26. You've been waiting ..................................................................... (by / for) me to begin tea.
27. I see the little trifles that belonged ............................................. (for / to) father lying around.
RIS
28. This always appealed ...................................................................................... (to / for) me.
ANSWERS
1. from 2. to 3. of 4. with 5. to 6 at 7. to, of, of 8. to
9. by 10. of 11. to 12. to 13. to 14. to 15. at 16 at
17. to, about 18. in 19. on 20. of 21. at 22. in 23. to 24. of
IK
25. for 26 for 27. to 28. to
Q. 16
g SUITABLE FORMS OF VERBS g
Q. 16 Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of verbs given in brackets. 1 Mark
MS
Verb forms $uó²>·+ýË tenses ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•\T n&•Â><ŠsÁT. Tenses ýË #•ý² sÁ¿±\T –q•|ŸÎ{ì¿¡ SCERT y•sÁT
ç|Ÿ#áT]+ºq n¿±&ƒMT fÉ¿ùà ¼ýË“ tenses ™|Õ eÖçÔáyûT ç|ŸXø•\T n&•Â><ŠsÁT. Text book ýË“ present perfect
tense, simple past, past perfect \™|Õ ç|ŸXø•\T e#áTÌqT. ¿±eÚq ‡ n+Xæ\™|Õ ne>±VŸ²q ¿=sÁÅ£” y•{ì“ ÿ¿£
<Š>·ZsÁ #û]Ì çy•jáT&ƒ+ È]Ð+~.
VA
Present Perfect Tense

$esÁD : ÿ¿£ |Ÿ“ È]Ð #•ý² ÔáÅ£”Øe dŸeTjáT+ nsTTq³¢sTTÔû € |Ÿ““ Ôî*jáTÈsÁT#áT³Å£” Present perfect
tense “ –|ŸjÖ î ÐkÍï+.
Ex. HûqT ‚|ŸÚ&û ¿±|˜Ó çÔ•>±qT.
I have drunk coffee just now.
Structure : S + have / has + V3 + O
Agreement : I, we, you, they → have + V3
He, she, it → has + V3
3rd person (singular) → has + V3
3rd person (plural) → have + V3
Note : ‡ tense ™|Õ |Ÿ³T¼ kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” V3 (past participle) form ™|Õ ne>±VŸ²q –+&†*.
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V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3
drink drank drunk pass passed passed
rain rained rained ring rang rung
cut cut cut take took taken
see saw seen complete completed completed
go went gone leave left left
arrive arrived arrived come came come
meet met met disturb disturbed disturbed
visit visited visited
Indications : - ‡ tense qT >·TsÁTï|Ÿ³T¼³Å£” ‡ >·TsÁTï\T –|ŸjîÖ>·|Ÿ&ƒTqT.
F just, just now (‚|ŸÚ&û) , recently (‚{¡e\), yet (‚+¿£qT), already (eTT+<ŠT>±), ever (m|Ÿð&îÕH•), sofar
A
(‡eT<óŠ«), today (‡ sÃE), this morning (‡ –<ŠjáT+), this week (‡ y•sÁ+), this month (‡ Hî\)
Practice : -
HN
1. I .................................................................(see) the Taj Mahal recently. Ans : have seen
2. I .......................................................................... (cut) my finger just now. Ans. have cut.
3. I ............................................................................(see) Raju his week. Ans : have seen.
4. They ...................... just .................................................................(go) Ans : have, gone
5. He ............................................... already ............................. (arrive) Ans : has, arrived
RIS
6. ......................... .............. you ............................ (see) my diary today? Ans : have, seen
7. I ........................................................... (see) it on the table this morning. Ans : have seen
8. Recently we ........................(meet) at the wedding of mutual friend of us. Ans : have, met.
9. Look ! the ground is wet. It ............................................................(rain) Ans : has rained
10. Anandini.......................................................... (write) a letter just now. Ans : has written.
IK
11. Have you finished your work ?
Yes, I ......................................................................(finish) my work. Ans : have finished
12. She ................................................................(paint) a picture just now. Ans : has painted
Simple past
MS
$esÁD : >·&•ºbþsTTq $wŸjáÖ\qT Ôî*jáT|ŸsÁT#áT³Å£” ‡ tense “ –|ŸjÖî ÐkÍï+.

nÔá&ƒT “q• dŸÖØ\T¿ì yîÞèßqT. ⇒ He went to school yesterday.
Structure : S + V2 + O
Agreement : I, we, you, he, she, it, they → V2
VA
Note : Subject kÍœq+ýË @ person –q•qT ‡ tense ýË V2 eÖçÔáyûT çy•kÍïeTT.

Negative Structure : S + did + not + V1 + O
nÔá&ƒT “q• dŸÖØýÙ¿ì yîÞøßýñ<ŠT. ⇒ He did not go to school.
Interrogative Structure : Did + S + V1 + O ?
nÔá&ƒT “q• dŸÖØýÙýË¿ì yîÞ²ß&†? ⇒ Did he go to school yesterday?
Indications : >·TsÁT\
ï T
yesterday (“q•), previous + time (>·Ôá dŸeTjáT+) last year (>·Ôá dŸ+eÔáàsÁ+), once upon a time
(ÿ¿±H=¿£|Ÿð&ƒT), long long ago (#•ý²¿±\+ ç¿ìÔá+), 2013, 2014, 2015, in the past (>·Ôá+ýË).
Practice : -
1. He ................................................................ (pass) his examinatino in 2013. Ans : passed
2. I .............................................................................. (visit) Delhi last month. Ans : visited
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3. Raju ........................................................................ (meet) his friend yesterday. Ans : met
4. I ........................................................................... (put) it on the table last night. Ans : put
5. I ............................................................................................(see) her in 2009. Ans : saw
6. I ................................................. (cut) my finger when I was sharping my pencil. Ans : cut
7. When ..................................... you last ............................ (use) the pencil ? Ans : did, use
8. She ............................................................. (not, go) to school yesterday. Ans : did not go
Note : It's time
It's quite time
–q•³¢sTTÔû subject ç|Ÿ¿£Øq V2 “ –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+.
It's high time
It's about time
1. It is time Bhavani ...........................................................................(woke) up. Ans : woke
2. It it is time we .................................................................................(go) home. Ans : went
A
3. It it time my friend ....................................................................... (ring) me up. Ans : rang
4. It is time you ............(take) my help and......(complete) the project. Ans : took, completed
HN
5. You and your friend have spent more time that you spend daily the playground. You feel it
is late and better to go home. Give him/her advice using It's time.....
A) It's time we went home.
Past Perfect Tense
$esÁD : >·Ôá+ýË Âs+&ƒT |ŸqT\T È]ÐbþsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT € Âs+&ƒT |ŸqT\ýË eTT+<ŠT È]Ðq |Ÿ““ past perfect tense
RIS
ýËqT Ôás•ÇÔá È]Ðq |Ÿ““ simple past ýËqT Ôî*jáTCñkÍï+.
Structure
↓ ↓
eTT+<ŠT È]Ðq |Ÿ“ Ôás•ÇÔá È]Ðq |Ÿ“
⇓ ⇓
IK
Past perfect Simple past
⇓ ⇓
S + had + V3 S + V2 + O
Note : past perfect tense ýË subject kÍœq+ýË @ person –q•qT had + V3 “ s•kÍïeTT.
MS
F HûqT ÂsÕýñÇ •d¼wŸHŽ¿ì yîÞâßdŸ]¿ì eTT+<ŠT>±Hû •fÉ®HŽ •d¼wŸHŽ $&•º yî[ßbþsTT+~.

⇓ ⇓
simple past past perfect
F When I went to the railway station already the train had left
VA
⇓ ⇓
simple past past perfect
Indications : ‚ºÌq Âs+&ƒT y•¿±«\ýË ÿ¿£ y•¿£«+ simple past ýË –+&• Âs+&ƒe y•¿£«+ýË >·TsÁTï\T>± aready,
before, after \T –+&ƒTqT.
Practice : -
1. When I went to the railway station, the train already ......... (leave) the station. Ans : had left
2. The patient ....................................................(die) before the doctor came. Ans : had died
3. Everything .....(disturb) before the play..........(come) to an end. Ans : had disturbed, came
4. I ......... (pay) one hundred rupees before I ...... (enter) this theatre. Ans : had paid, entered
5. The electrician ....(restore) the power before the audience.....(leave). Ans : had restored, left
6. The hero ........... (hurl) him since he ........(do) a mischievous thing. Ans : hurled, had done
7. After I .......................................... (brush ) my teeth, I took breakfast. Ans : had brushed.
8. My father came after I ........................................... (finish) my dinner. Ans : had finished.
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Q. 17 g GIVING ADVICE (dŸ\VŸä ‚eÇ&ƒ+) g

Q. 17 Advise 1 Mark
Advise nq>± dŸ\VŸä ‚eÇ&ƒ+. eTq+ me]Â¿ÕH• ÿ¿£ |Ÿ“ #ûjáT&ƒ+ e\q eT+º ÈsÁT>·TqT n“ Ôî*jáTCñjáTT
eTs•«<Š |ŸPsÁÇ¿£ dŸ\VŸäqT advice n+{²sÁT. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË Mark Ôî#áTÌ¿=qT³ #•ý² dŸT\uó„+. B“ ¿=sÁÅ£” ¿=“•
y•¿£« “s•ˆD²\qT kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá +&•. ‡ ç¿ì+~ $wŸjÖá \qT kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá +&•. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË ç|ŸX•ø Å£” Èy•‹T çy•jáTT³Å£”
y•¿£« “s•ˆD²\qT kÍ<óŠq #ûjáT+&•.
1. Your friend has started smoking. Advise to stop smoking.
A. You should stop smoking.
2. Your friend is seriously ill. Advise him to take rest.
A. You should take rest. / why don't you take rest ? / It would be better for you to take rest.
A
3. Your friend is rather fat. Advise him to do yoga everyday.
A. You had better practice yoga to lose weight.
HN
4. Your friend goes to bed very late and so finds it difficult to get up early. Give him advice on what
to do inorder to get up early.
A. You had better go to bed early.
5. Your friend is planning to visit some places in Tamil Nadu. Advise him to learn a few words in
Tamil.
A.
6.
RIS
You had better learn a few words in Tamil.
Your friend has not been studying well. Advise him to study hard.
A. You should study well.
7. Your friend is feeling sick. Advise him to see a doctor.
IK
A. You should see a doctor / Why don't you see a doctor ?
8. Your friend has a toothache. Advise him to see a doctor.
A. You should see a dentist. / It is better to consult a dentist.
9. Your classmate is wasting his time. The exams are fast approaching. Advise him to concentrate
MS
on his studies.
A. You should concentrate on your studies.
10. Your friend has started seeing late night movies. You think he is neglecting his studies. Advise
him not to do it.
A. You should not neglect your studies by seeing late night movies.
VA
Q. 18
g REQUEST ($q•|Ÿ+)
g
Q. 18 Change the following into a polite request. 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË Request ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•qT n&•Â><ŠsÁT. ÿ¿£ edŸTïeÚqT ýñ<‘ ÿ¿£ dŸeÖ#•s•“• Ôî\TdŸT¿=qT³Å£” eTq+
#ûjáTT eTs•«<Š|ŸPsÁÇ¿£ $q•bÍ“• request n+{²sÁT. Request #ûjáTT³Å£” Please, Could you please, Would
you mind. . . . . yîTT<Š\>·T y•¿£«“s•ˆD²\qT –|ŸjîÖÐkÍï+. n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” ‡ ç¿ì+~ y•¿±«\qT kÍ<óŠq #ûjáT+&•.
1. Rama to Sindhu : give me your pen.
A. Please give me your pen. / could you please give me your pen ? / Would you mind giving
me your pen ?
2. Woman to Shopkeeper : I want one kilo of sugar.
A. Please give me one kilo of sugar.
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3. John to a co-passenger : Shut the window
A. Could you please shut the window ?
4. You to your teacher : I want to leave the room.
A. May I leave the room, Sir ?
5. Revathi to a neighbour : I have to go out. Look after my baby for an hour.
A. Please look after my baby for an hour.
6. You to a stranger : where is the post office ?
A. Could you please tell me where the post office is ?
7. You to a clerk in the bank : This note is torn. Give me a different one.
A
A. Excuse me, Sir. This note is torn. Please give me a different one.
8. Swetha to Swathi : Show me the way to central station.
HN
A. Please show me the way to central station.
9. Boy to the conductor : What is the busfare to Pamur ?
A. Could you please tell me what the busfare to Pamur is ?
RIS
10. Anandini to the post master : What is the pincode of Vijayawada ?
A. Could you please tell me what the pincode of Vijayawada is ?
Q. 19
g Right phrase
g
IK
Q. 19 Choose the right phrase (MCQ) to say in the given context. 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË ç|ŸX•ø Å£” options ‚kÍïsÁT. ÿ¿£ e«¿ìï @ dŸ+<ŠsÁÒÛ+ýË @ uó²cÍ+Xæ\T –|ŸjîÖÐ+#•* nHû ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•qT
‚kÍïsTÁ . ‡ $uó²>·+ýË eÖsÁTØ kÍ~ó+#áT³ ¿=sÁÅ”£ clues s•jáT&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. @ clue e•dï @~ dŸeÖ<ó‘q+ n>·THÃ
MS
<‘“¿ì m<ŠTsÁT>± bõ+<ŠT|Ÿs#Á &á +ƒ È]Ð+~. clues qT #á~$ dŸeÖ<ó‘q+ >·TsÁT+ï #áT¿Ã+&•. |Ÿ¯¿£ýŒ Ë ÔáÇsÁ>± answer
#ûjTá >·\sÁT.
1. meÂsÕq How are you ? n“ |Ÿ\¿£]+ºq|ŸÚ&ƒT I am fine. Thank you n“ Ü]Ð #îbÍÎ*.
2. meÂsÕq How do you do? n“ |Ÿ\¿£]+ºq|ŸÚ&ƒT Ü]Ð How do you do? n“ |Ÿ\¿£]+#•*.
VA
3. meÂsÕq |Ÿ¯¿£Œ s•jáTT³Å£” yîÞø—ÔáTq•|ŸÚinterview

&ƒT, ¿ì yîÞø—ïq•|Ÿð&ƒAll
T the Best / Good luck/ Best of luck #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : going to take an examination, appear an interview ⇒ All the Best / Good luck/ Best of luck
4. |Ÿ¯¿£Œ bÍdŸsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT, –<Ã«>·+ eºÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT, lottery ýË &ƒ‹TÒ\T eºÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT, award eºÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT, leader >±
elect nsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT congratulations n“ #îbÍÎ*.
Passed the S.S.C examination
Clues : got the job
Congratulations
won the lottery / an award
elected leader
5. |Ÿ¯¿£Œ ýË Fail nsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT, –<Ã«>·+ s•q|ŸÚ&ƒT Better luck next time #îbÍÎ*.
Failed in the exam
Clues : Better luck next time
Failed in the interview
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6. |Ÿ¯¿£ýŒ Ë u²>± eÖsÁTØ\T Ôî#Tá Ì¿=+³Tq|ŸÚ&ƒT keep it up n“ #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : getting good marks keep it up
7. $VŸäsÁjáÖçÔáÅ£” yîÞø—ïq•|ŸÚ&ƒT → Have a good time / Have a nice time n“ #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : going on an excursion have a good time / have a nice time
8. meÂsHÕ • dŸVäŸ jáT+ #ûdq¾ |ŸÚ&ƒT Ü]Ð thank you y•]¿ì #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : helped / gave a pen Thank you
9. meÂsÕH• eTqÅ£” thank you #î|Î¾ q|ŸÚ&ƒT Ü]Ð It's my pleasure / you are welcome n“ #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : He said, "Thank you" It's my pleasure / You are welcome
A
10. ™|[ß Xø—uó²¿±+¿£Œ\T #î|Ÿð³Å£” → Best wishes #îbÍÎ*.
HN
Clues : has just got married Best wishes
11. me] ‹+<óTŠ yîHÕ • #á“bþsTTq|ŸÚ&ƒT → Condolences! (dŸ+Ô•|Ÿ+ e«¿£+ï #ûjTá T) #îbÍÎ*.
Clues : Lost his grand father Condolences
12.
RIS
eTq+ me]ÔÃHîÕ <ŠTsÁTdŸT>± ç|Ÿe]ï+ºq|ŸÚ&ƒT, ¿£Œ$T+#áeT“ n&ƒT>·T³Å£” I am sorry –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•*.
Clues : spoke rudely. You want to apologige I am sorry
13. rsÁœjáÖçÔáÅ£” yîÞø—ïq•|Ÿð&ƒT / @<îÕH• }]¿ì yîÞø—ïq•|Ÿð&ƒT → Happy journey

IK
going on a pilgrimage
Clues : Happy jurney
going on a visit to Chennai
14. eTq •d•V¾²ÔáT“¿ì ç|ŸeÖ<Š+ È]Ðq|ŸÚ&ƒT wish you a speed recovery !n“ #îbÍÎ*.
MS
Clues : met with an accident wish you a speed recovery !
15. meÂsÕH• eTq birthday sÃEq gift ‚ºÌq|ŸÚ&ƒT → Thank you

Clues : gave a present on your birthday Thank you
VA
Q. 19 Choosing a Right Phrase (MCQ) to Say in the Given text. 1M

1. Your friend is going to take an examination. What would you say to him ?
a) All the best b) Congratulations c) I'm pleased d) Thank you
2. Your cousin has passed the S.S.C examination in the first class. What would you say ?
a) Best of luck b) I am happy c) Congratulations d) Thank you
3. Your friend is going on an excursion. What would you say to him ?
a) It is a pity b) Thank you c) Good luck d) Have a good time
4. Your younger brother has been getting good marks. What would you say to him ?
a) I am happy b) All right c) Keep it up d) Thank you
5. Your teacher dropped his / her pen on the floor. You picked it up and gave it to him /
her. He/ she said "Thank you" What would you say to him / her ?
a) Thank you b) That's all right c) I'am happy d) That's my pleasure
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6. Your brother is going for his examination. What would you say to him ?
A) Congratulations B) Well done c) Have a nice day d) Best of luck
7. Your friend had just won lottery. What would you say to him / her ?
A) Congratulations b) Best of luck c) Well done d) I'am happy
8. Your brother has just passed his examination. What would you say to him ?
a) Good luck b) That' s all right c) Well done d) Try again
9. You told your father that you got a distinction in the school final examination. What
would your father say ?
A) Is it ! b) It's nice c) I'm proud of you d) Good luck !
10. Your friend says, "How are you ?" What would you say to him ?
a) Fine, thank you b) Good c) Very glad c) how do you do ?
11. Your friend greets you, "How do you do?" What would you say to him ?
a) Very good b) How do you do ? c) Fine, thank you d) I'm all right
A
12. Your friend wants to borrow your bicycle. What would you say to him ?
a) By all means b) Keep it up c) All the best d) Thank you
HN
13. Your uncle won the elections. What would you say to him ?
a) Hearty congratulations ! b) Very good !
c) How nice ! d) What a pity !
14. Your friend is going to contest as S.P.L. What will you say to him ?
a) Lucky man b) Try you best c) I'm happy d) Best of luck
RIS
15. Your friend gave a present on your birthday. What would say to him / her ?
a) I'm pleased b) Conragulations c) Thank you d) Good luck
16. You have given a lift on your scooter to an elderly man. He said 'Very kind of you'. What
would you say in return ?
a) O.K. b) It is nice c) Bye d) It's pleasure
IK
17. Your friend is leaving for Delhi to take an interview for a job. What would you say to him?
a) Contratulations b) Happy journey c) Best of luck d) Don't worry
18. You spoke rudely to your teacher. You want to apologise. What would you say to her ?
a) you don't mind, do you ? b) I'm sorry
MS
c) Excuse me sir d) I'm wrong

19. Your neightbour has won a prize in a contest. What would you tell him / her ?
a) Very good b) Contratulations c) Best of luck d) Try again
20. Your aunt is taking a test tomorrow. What would you tell her ?
a) Contratulations ! b) Best of luck !
VA
c) Wish you many happy teturns of the day d) Have a nice day
21. Your friend is going to take an examination. What would you say to him / her ?
a) Contratulations b) All the best c) Thank you d) I am pleased
22. Your parents are going on a pilgrimage. What would you say to them ?
a) Congratulations ! b) Very fine c) Good luck ! d) Happy journey
23. Your friend is going on a visit to Chennai. You are seeing him off and the station. What
would you say to him?
a) Best of luck b) Wish you a happy journey
c) Contratulations d) All the best
24. What would you say if your younger sister has been getting good marks ?
a) I am happy b) all right c) Keep it up d) Thank you
25. Your neighbour has passed on all India examination with a high rank. What would you
say to him when you meet him ?
a) Best of of luck ! b) Hearty congratulations !
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c) Congratulations ! d) Good, isn't it !
26. Your friend has just got married. What would you say to her ?
a) How nice ! b) Well done ! c) Best of luck ! d) Best wishes !
27. Your friend is about to appear for an interview for a job. What will you say to him ?
a) Best of luck ! b) Congratulations ! c) Greetings ! d) Try your best !
28. Your teacher has just won an award. You are the class leader. What do you say to her
when she comes into the class ?
a) Aren't you lucky ? b) Best of luck c) All of us are happy d) How do you feel !
29. Your friend has been elected leader of the school. What would you say to him ?
a) Luck man ! b) Congratulations ! c) Greetings d) Good for you !
30. Your friend has just lost his grandfather. What do you say to him ?
a) Don't worry b) I am sorry c) Condolences ! d) These things happen
A
31. Your friend has won a gold medal in school sports. What would you say to him ?
a) These things happen b) Congratulations !
c) Keep it up d) Good for you
HN
32. You spoke rudely to your aunt. You want to apologies. What do you say to her ?
a) You don't mind, do you ? b) Why don't you forget it ?
c) I'm sorry d) I'm a fool
ANSWERS
1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. d 7. a 8. c
9.
17.
25.
RIS
c
c
b
10.
18.
26.
a
b
d
11.
19.
27.
b
b
a
12.
20.
28.
a
b
c
13.
21.
29.
a
b
b
14.
22.
30.
d
d
c
15.
23.
31.
c
b
b
16.
24.
32.
d
c
c
Q. 20
gIDENTIFYING THE APPROPRIATE FUNCTIONg
IK
Q. 20 What do the following sentences mean ? Put tick ( 3) mark against the right
answer. 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË appropriate function ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•\T n&•Â><ŠsÁT. ÿ¿£ y•¿£«+ suggestion (dŸ\VŸä) neÚÔáT+<‘,
request ($q•|Ÿ+) neÚÔáT+<‘, offer (ç|ŸÜbÍ<Šq) neÚÔáT+<‘ n“ $<‘«]œ dŸeÖ<ó‘H•“• >·T]ï+#áe\d¾ –+³T+~.
MS
‡ $uó²>·+ýË mark kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” nuó„«]œ ¿=“• y•¿£« “s•ˆD²\qT @ function n>·THÃ >·TsÁT+ï #áT¿=+fñ #•\T.
n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” y•¿±«\qT bõ+<ŠT|ŸsÁ#á&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. eTTK«+>± $<‘«]œ y•¿±«\™|Õ –q• u²Å£”àýË“ $wŸjáÖ“•
>·TsÁTï™|³T¼¿Ãy•*.
You could take an umbrella, it is raining
Suggestion (dŸ\VŸä)
outside.
VA
You should consult a doctor.

Request ($q•|Ÿ+)
You had better consult a doctor.
Please lend me your pen.
Why don't you consult a doctor ?
Could you please lend me your pen ?
Shall we see a film this evening ?
Keep quiet, will you ?
Let's go back at once
Can you help me ?
You will sit here, will you ?
Please write your name.
It is time we bought a new car.
Will you call me before you leave ?
Perhaps you would apologize for your rudeness.
Won't you get me a little water ?
How about going for a walk ?
Would you mind closing the door ?
Could we see a film tonight, father ?
Seeking information
These books are to be returned to the library.
(dŸeÖ#•sÁ+ n&•Ð Ôî\TdŸT¿=qT)
It's getting late. Why don't you take a taxi ?
Where can I get a car for hire ?
Why couldn't we go for indoor shooting ?
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Seeking permission (nqTeTÜ rdŸT¿=qT) Giving warning (™V²#áÌ]¿£ #ûjTá T)
Can I leave now ? If I find your dog in my garden again,
Could I leave the office a little early ? I'll report to the police.
Can I see the manager ? Exclaiming (€XøÌsÁ«+)
May I come in, Sir ? What a stupid idea !
What a beautiful flower the rose is !
Giving permission (nqTeTÜ ‚#áTÌ³) Expressing opinion (n_óçbÍjáT+ e«¿£ï+#ûjáTT)
You can go now.
I think this shirt is rather expensive
you may go now. We had better stay in our own gardens today
Offer (n&ƒ>·Å£”+&† ‚#áTÌ) (ç|ŸÜbÍ<Šq) Hoping (€¥+#áT)
Shall I do it for you ? I wish you were a little more helpful
Shall I get you a cup of coffee ? Predicting (}V¾²+#áT³)
Can I help you ? There will be widespread rain in some parts of
A
Will you join us for tea ? the country.
Can I carry the bag for you ? Showing surprise (€XøÌsÁ«+ e«¿£+ï #ûjTá T)
What ! Are you out of your mind ?
HN
Could I give you a cup of coffee ?
Eh ? What's that ? Who's gone dead ?
You can have my bicycle for a few days.
Ability (Xø¿ìï, kÍeTsÁœ«+)
Shall I wait till you come ? He can sing for eight hours at a stretch.
Will you join us for tea ? Obligation (Ôá|ŸÎ“dŸ], nedŸsÁ+)
Expressing possibility(ÈsÁ>&
RIS · †“¿ì ne¿±Xø+ >·\) We should complete the shooting by tomorrow
It may rain in a few minutes. evening.
He may take your advise. Inference (y•dŸy ï •<ó‘]Ôá n+#áq / }VŸ²)
It might be an idea to postpone the release of the The car hasn't arrived yet. It must have got a
film. flat tyre.
Order (€Èã)
Apology (¿£ŒeÖ|ŸD)
IK
The agreement between the two parties shall
I am sorry
be inforce for two years.
Refusing request ($q•|Ÿ+ ÜsÁdŸØsÁD) Inadequacy (dŸ]|Ÿ&ƒq+Ôá)
I am sorry. I can't let you go in without a ticket. I have not enough money to buy a new car.
Scolding (<óŠÖw¾+#áT³) I don't have enough clothes for my journey.
MS
How careless of you to drop the camera ? Attracting attention (<Š•w¾¼“ eTsÁ\TÌ¿=qT)
Inviting (€VŸäÇq+) Hist ! Listen
I would be glad if you could attend the function Pleasure (dŸ+ÔÃwŸ+)
Oh, grandpa, I'm so glad you're not dead.
VA
Q. 20 What do the following sentences mean ? Put tick (3) mark agianst the
right answer. 1 Mark
What do the following sentences mean ? Put a tick (3) mark against the right answr.
1. A : We have nothing to do this evening.
B : Shall we see a film this evening ?
a) question ( ) b) request ( )
c) suggestion ( ) d) offer ( )
2. My uncle is visiting me this afternoon. Could I leave the office a little early ?
a) asking a question ( ) b) making a suggestion ( )
c) making an offer ( ) d) seeking permission ( )
3. Can I see the manager ?
a) making a suggestion ( ) b) seeking permission ( )
c) making an offer ( ) d) seeking help ( )
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4. Could you lend me your pen ?
a) making a request ( ) b) asking a question ( )
c) making a suggestion ( ) d) seeking help ( )
5. Shall I do it for you ?
a) offering help ( ) b) making a request ( )
c) seeking help ( ) d) seeking information ( )
6. You will sit here, will you ?
a) seeking information ( ) b) warning ( )
c) offering help ( ) d) suggesting ( )
7. Let's go back at once.
a) asking a question ( ) b) making a suggestion ( )
c) making a request ( ) d) making an offer ( )
8. Keep quiet, will you ?
a) making a request ( ) b) making an order ( )
c) making a suggestion ( ) d) asking a question ( )
A
9. If I find your dog in my garden again, I'll report to the police.
a) Making a statement ( ) b) giving a warning ( )
c) expressing surprise ( ) d) making a suggestion ( )
HN
10. May I take you to dinner ?
a) offering help ( ) b) asking a question ( )
c) seeking permission ( ) d) making a suggestion ( )
11. Could you tell me where the bus station is ?
a) making an enquiry ( ) b) giving an order ( )
c) making an offer ( ) d) making a suggestion ( )
RIS
12. Please write your name.
a) making a suggestion (
c) making an offer (
)
)
b) giving an order
d) making a request
(
(
)
)
13. Will you call me before you leave ?
a) Seeking permission ( ) b) making a suggestion ( )
c) making a request ( ) d) making an offer ( )
IK
14. How about going for a movie tonight ?
a) asking a qustion ( ) b) making an offer ( )
c) seeking permission ( ) d) making a suggestion ( )
15. Shall we go for a movie tonight ?
a) Suggesting ( ) b) requesting ( )
MS
c) offering ( ) d) seeking permission ( )

16. Could you lend me your pen ?
a) offering ( ) b) suggesting ( )
c) requesting ( ) d) seeking permission ( )
17. Why don't we see a film tonight ?
VA
a) enquiring ( ) b) ordering ( )
c) suggesting ( ) d) complaining ( )
18. I wish you were a little more helpful.
a) complaining ( ) b) hoping ( )
c) ordering ( ) d) stating ( )
19. There will be widespread rain in some parts of the country.
a) hoping ( ) b) promising ( )
c) predicting ( ) d) ordering ( )
20. How careless of you to drop the camera !
a) complaining ( ) b) scolding ( )
c) warning ( ) d) disagreeding ( )
21. Could you lend me some money ?
a) showing ability ( ) b) making a request ( )
c) seeking permission ( ) d) asking a question ( )
22. Wasn't it very kind of you ?
a) exclaiming ( ) b) congratulating ( )
c) thanking ( ) d) complaining ( )
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23. Perhaps you would apologize for you rudeness.
a) suggesting ( ) b) demanding ( )
c) hoping ( ) d) enquiring ( )
24. I'd be glad if you could attend the function.
a) ordering ( ) b) request ( )
c) inviting ( ) d) stating ( )
25. It's time we took our bath.
a) offering help ( ) b) giving a suggestion ( )
c) giving an order ( ) d) seeking permission ( )
26. I have not enough money to buy a new car.
a) capability ( ) b) adequacy ( )
c) poverty ( ) d) inadequacy ( )
27. She has enough strength to lift this bag.
a) capability ( ) b) adequacy ( )
A
28. I was not trained enough for the game.
a) incapability ( ) b) adequacy ( )
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c) ordering ( ) d) stating ( )
29. I do not have enough clothes for my journey
a) inculpability ( ) b) adequacy ( )
30. Can I leave now ?
a) offering help ( ) b) asking for help ( )
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c) seeking permission (
31. Can I carry the bag for you ?
a) offering help (
)
)
d) seeking advice
b) asking for help

(
(
)
)
c) seeking permission ( ) d) seeking advice ( )
32. Shall we see a film tonight ?
IK
a) asking a question ( ) b) making a request ( )
c) making a suggestion ( ) d) making an offer ( )
33. I'm afraid you have to wait.
a) expressing fear ( ) b) expressing inability ( )
c) apologising ( ) d) ordering ( )
MS
34. I am sorry, I can't let you go in without a ticket.

a) apologising ( ) b) refusing permission ( )
c) ordering ( ) d) refusing help ( )
35. You can go now.
a) giving advice ( ) b) expressing ability ( )
c) giving permission ( ) d) expressing possibility ( )
VA
36. Can I help you ?

a) seeking permission ( ) b) asking for help ( )
c) offering help ( ) d) seeking advice ( )
37. He may take your advice.
a) giving permission ( ) b) giving advice ( )
c) expressing possibility ( ) d) making a suggestion ( )
38. Hist! Listen.
a) expressing fear ( ) b) attracting attention ( )
c) expressing inability ( ) d) offering help ( )
ANSWERS
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. a
9. b 10. c 11. a 12. d 13. c 14. d 15. a 16. c
17. c 18. b 19. c 20. b 21. b 22. c 23. a 24. c
25. b 26. d 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. c 31. a 32. c
33. b 34. b 35. c 36. c 37. c 38. b
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Time : ½ Hour. PAPER - II (PART - B) Marks : 15
Instructions :
Answer the questions in ‘Part – B’ on the paper itself.
This part of the question paper should be attached to the Main Answer Book of the student.
6. Read the paragraph and write the synonyms of the under lined words choosing from
the words given in the box. 4×½=2M
fame, prove, show, critics, prosperity, approve
Roberge does not endorse (a) the accusation of Ray's detractors (b) that the master director
made his reputation (c) selling India's poverty to the West. "What struck me most was not the
material poverty depicted (d) in the films, but the enormous spiritual poverty of some rich
A
people is much more deplorable than material poverty," he said.
(a) ............................ (b) ............................ (c) ............................ (d) ............................
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7. Read the paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words.
4x ½ = 2 M
A large (a) crowd gathered at our place the day I was to leave. People had come (b) to wish
me luck. It was 10.20 when I left for Dirang. My father had already left. As I had to do a bit
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of catching up, I walked fast (c). Three kilometres down the road, I caught up with my father.
Father said, 'You are late (d). Would you like to rest for some time?'
(a) ............................ (b) ............................ (c) ............................ (d) ............................
8. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.
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4 ×½ =2 M
Now whether this happens at the .............. (nation / national) (a) level or at the regional level,
or even at the global level, sooner or later there is ..................... (discontent / discontentment)
(b) ; and when that discontent is .................. (strong / strength) (c) enough, there is conflict.
MS
So good ........................ (manage / management) (d) of the natural resources, equitable

distribution of these resources, is important for peace.
(a) ............................ (b) ............................ (c) ............................ (d) ............................
9. Complete the spelling of the words with ‘ea’, ‘ia’, ‘ou’, ‘ae’. 2 × ½ =1 M
VA
(a) We have not shared our res __ __ rces equitably.

(b) His parents decided not to send him to a spec __ __ l school.
10. Complete the words with correct suffixes given in brackets 2×½=1M
(a) The other is the transforma ................. (tion / sion) of the landscape.
(b) I was in the fifth standard at the element ....................... (ery / ary) school in Rameswaram.
11. Find the wrongly spelt word and write its correct spelling. 2×½=1M
(a) tongue bureau creature daugter Ans : ...............
(b) desision computer strength fantastic Ans : ...............
12. Arrange the following words under correct heading. 8×¼=2M
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lethargy, protest, decide, worry, spend, carry, certainty, plight
State : 1) .................... , 2) .................... , 4) .................... , 4) ....................
Action : 1) .................... , 2) .................... , 4) .................... , 4) ....................
13. Use the following expressions in sentences of your own. 4×½=2M
(a) Phrasal Verb: see off
A. .............................................................................................................................
(b) Idiomatic Expression: on the dot
A. .............................................................................................................................
(c) Binomial Expression: part and parcel
A
A. .............................................................................................................................
(d) Foreign Expression: lingua franca
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A. .............................................................................................................................
14. Match the following one word substitutes with their meanings. 4×½=2M
RIS Part - A Part - B
1. Trilogy ( ) (A) one who spends his time and money for
others.
2. Dictum ( ) (B) one who is the first to study and develop a
particular area of knowledge, culture etc.
3. Philanthropist ( ) (C) one who hates women
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4. Pioneer ( ) (D) a life history written by three persons.
(E) a group of three films that has the same
characters or subject
(F) a statement that expresses something
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people believe is true and is to be follow.
ANSWERS (PART - B)
VA
6. a) approve b) critics c) fame d) shown

7. a) small b) go c) slow d) early
8. a) national b) discontent c) strong d) management
9. a) ou b) ia
10. a) tion b) ary
11. a) daughter b) decision
12. State : leathergy, worry, certainty, plight
Action : protest, decide, spend, carry
13. a) I saw my uncle off at the air port.
b) The programme commenced on the dot at 9 am. as the Chief Minister arrived in time.
c) Sports and games are a part and parcel of education nowadays.
d) English is the lingua franca for people speaking different languages across the word
14. 1 - E, 2 - F, 3 - A, 4 - B
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PAPER - II (VOCABULARY)
Q. 6 Q. 6 SYNONYMS 4×½=2M
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#á<Še+&•.
1. Attitude is Altitude
stretch = extend scratch = rub allow = permit
A
whole = entire brave = bold mainly = mostly
small = little pick = take decided = chose
special = particular hard = difficult made = taken
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shocked = stunned distraught = distressed disability = inability
explanation = reason taught = learnt invented = created
device = tool risk = danger bullied = frightened
mainstream = common achieved = attained luckily = fortunately
attempt
RIS = effort unsuccessful = failed purpose = use
realised = understood hope = expect encourage = support
courage = bravery perseverance = determination spin = turn
quickly = fast amazing = wonderful absolutely = completely
magazine = journal gravity = magnitude inspirational= encouraging
published = printed handle = face finish = complete
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2. The dear Departed
precocious = intelligent amazed = surprised really = actually
dead = deceased poor = pitiable sent = disaptched
heavy = weighty set foot = enter fast = hasty
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enough = adequate hard = tough like = love

nearly = almost wornout = damaged realize = understand
lucky = fortunate small = little finished = completed
always = forever arrange = fix dividing = splitting
sharp = intelligent shabby = untidy get rid of = discard
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fasten = close change = replace bring = take

pinch = steal grandpa = grandfahter died = departed
fetch = bring appealed = attracted quiet = calm
lift = carry merry = happy found = noticed
enough = adequate finished = completed jewellery = ornaments
promised = assured fond = loving premium = payment
purpose = intention swindling = cheating certain = sure
fetch = bring
3. The Journey
leisurely = restful lethargy = tiredness fact = truth
obviously = clearly decide = choose terrain = ground
certainty = assurance purpose = reason arranged = fixed
customs = traditions initially = firstly trunk = box
problem = trouble find = get labour = work
solution = answer protested = objected allow = permit
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dissuade = convince tired = exhausted quickly = fast

plight = trouble little = small handed = gave
luggage = baggage uttered = spoke improper = indecent
probably = may be truly = really admiration = appreciation
labour = work useless = ineffective bare = naked
worn = damaged noticed = observed wallet = purse
protested = objected old = shabby convince = persuade
reluctantly = unwillingly gradually = slowly giant = big
opposite = contradictory luxurious = lavish
4. Rendezvous with Ray

unique = typical impact = influence acquainted = familiar
fascinating = interesting speak = exhort arrogance = rudeness
A
convert = transfer massive = big intellectual = wise
unassuming = humble agnostic = ignorant death = demise
finished = completed landmark = milestone sterling = excellent
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control = monitor expect = estimate cinematography = photography
choreography = dance composition weave = knit captured = mesmerized
magnificent = excellent convey = communicate fake = forged
amazing = surprising agreement = pact get = obtain
tolerant
RIS = patient quest = inquiry possible = probable
intimidating = frightening endorse = approve detractors = critics
reputation = fame depicted = shown
5. Environment
source = origin shortage = dearth change = deviation
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patterns = designs almost = nearly colony = settlement
government = rule commercial = benefits sustain = maintain
interests = benefits discontent = dissatifaction conflict = contention
distribution = share important = vital know = aware
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foresters = officers complicated = difficult ordinary = common

protecting = guarding rehabilitate = locate environment = surroundings
6. My childhood
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summoned = called inequality = disparity innocent = ignorant

quit = exit myriad = many veritable = real
apparel = dress dimensions = aspects like = similar
stay = remain understood = taken recognised = treated
Q. 6 Synonyms 2 Marks
Read the paragraph and write the synonyms of the underlined words choosing from the words
given in the box. 4×½=2
EXERCISE - 1
1. entire, permit, cruel, adversity, extend, rub

Imagine having no arms to stretch (a) in the morning, to help you scratch (b) that itch, to allow
(c) you to wrap your arms around your loved ones. Imagine having no legs to kick pebbles
down the street, to walk or run, to bicycle or skateboard, or get you from point A to point B.
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Then imagine both at once, which is what Nick Vujicic has faced his whole (d) life. Have you
heard something like this before?
2. take, common, little, bold, mostly, conventional
Nick Vujicic was born with no arms and legs - but he doesn’t let the details stop him. The
brave (a) 26-year-old — who is mainly (b) torso — plays football and golf, swims and surfs,
despite having no limbs.
Nick has a small (c) foot on his left hip which helps him balance and enables him to kick.
He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick (d) things up between his toes.
3. taken, father, shocked, chose, particular, difficult
His parents decided (a) not to send him to a special (b) school - a decision he said was very hard
(c) for him, but which may have been the best decision they could have made (d) for him.
A
4. difficult, particular, stunnend, distressed, reason, inability
When Nick was born his father was so shocked (a) that he left the hospital room to vomit. His
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distraught (b) mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was four months old.
His disability (c) came without any medical explanation (d) - a rare occurrence called Phoc-
omelia - and Nick and his parents spent many years asking why this cruel trick would happen to
them. 'My mother was a nurse and she did everything right during pregnancy but she still
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blamed herself,' he said.
EXERCISE - 2
1. deceased, actually, surprised, intelligent, valuable, walked

Mrs. Slater : (sharply) Victoria, Victoria! D'ye hear? Come in, will you?
IK
(Victoria, a precocious (a) girl, dressed in colours, comes in.)
Mrs. Slater : I'm amazed (b) at you, Victoria. I really (c) am. Be off now, and change your
dress before your Aunt Elizabeth and your Uncle Ben come. It would never do
for them to find you in colours with grandfather lying dead (d), upstairs.
MS
2. tolerate, pitiable, dispatched, weighty, enter, deceased

Victoria : What are they coming for? They haven't been here for ages.
Mrs. Slater : They're coming to talk over poor (a) grandpa's affairs. Your father sent (b) them
a telegram as soon as we found he was dead. (A noise is heard)
VA
(Henry Slater, a stooping, heavy (c) man with a drooping moustache, enters.
He is wearing a black tailcoat, grey trousers, a black tie and a bowler hat.)
Henry : I'm wondering if they'll come at all. When you and Elizabeth quarrelled she
said she'd never set foot (d) in your house again.
3. enter, weighty, adequate, hasty, loves, tough
Mrs. Slater : She'll come fast (a) enough (b) after her share of what our father's left. You
know how hard (c) she can be when she likes (d). Where she gets it from I can't
tell.
EXERCISE - 3
1. clearly, truth, restful, guilt, tiredness, contradict

After spending a leisurely (a) Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on Mon-
day is tiring. Lethargy (b) creeps in if the holiday continues over an extended period. That is
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how I felt when I was preparing to return to my place of work after spending six months at
home. The fact (c) that I was to leave behind my newly-wed wife and go to a far-off place did
not help either. Obviously (d) I did not want to go.
2. assurance, truth, ground, bring, choose, tiredness
However, I finally did decide (a) to go. I did not have much to carry (b) by way of luggage – just
a trunk. Ours is a hilly terrain (c), without any motorable roads – and there is no certainty (d)
that we are ever going to have any roads.
3. traditions, fixed, guilt, reason, firstly, utter
In any case, while coming home we do not carry bedding. Besides, I had come home this time
round for a special purpose (a): to get married. My parents had arranged (b) my marriage,
according to the customs (c) of our tribal society. Time flew, and five months into my marriage
A
I realized it. Initially (d) I thought of extending my leave – even taking unpaid leave. But after
some dilly-dallying, I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsi-
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bilities and I had got into debt.
4. provided, get, admiration, work, box, trouble
On my way home from the bus stop, my trunk (a) had been carried by a porter. The problem (b)
now was we couldn’t find (c) anyone who could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. At
another time of the year, we would have easily found someone to help me, but now most of the
RIS
villagers were busy in the fields. Nobody had time to spare for me. In fact, carrying the trunk
should not have been such a worry for me except that my education had made me shun physical
labour (d). After all, I was a government officer and the idea of people seeing me carry my own
luggage was not at all amusing. Otherwise, for a young man like me it should not have been an
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issue to carry a 20- kilo chest on my back.
EXERCISE - 4
1. interesting, typical, influence, tired familiar, on the way

MS
It was a unique (a) friendship that developed between a French-Canadian priest and one of the
world’s greatest film directors, and had a singular impact (b) on Bengali films both academi-
cally and practically. It was en-route to India in1961, at a stopover in New York, that 26-year-
old Fr. Gaston Roberge was acquainted (c) with the works of Satyajit Ray through the Apu
VA
Trilogy. He found the world of Apu so fascinating (d) that he saw all three films in one sitting;
2. transfer, inquiry, solitude, rudeness, arrive, exhort, state
Roberge does not speak (a) with the arrogance (b) of the West. “ I was here on a quest (c) to
know the world and in the process know myself. I did not come here to convert (d). In fact, I am
the one who got converted,” he said.
3. big, useless, humble, weak, frightening, tricky, wise
Though to outsiders, Ray’s massive (a) stature- physical and intellectual (b)- might have made
him come across as cold, aloof and even intimidating (c), he was in reality a very simple and
unassuming (d) man with a subtle sense of humour.
4. impossible, coma, solution, advice, demise, ignorant, probable
An agnostic (a) throughout his life, it is possible (b), Roberge feels, that in the face of death (c)
Ray was searching for an answer (d). This was suggested by some of the music that he used in
Shakha Prashakha.
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EXERCISE - 5
1. deviation, afforestation, regularity, dearth, origin, variety, designs

The forested mountains were the source (a) of water and the source of rain, so when you defor-
est you cause a shortage (b) of water and a change (c) of rainfall patterns (d) and therefore
people are not able to get food and water.
2. altogether, more, settlement, habit,rule, profitable, hills, nearly
When I was a child, which is almost (a) more than fifty years ago, the environment was very
pristine, very beautiful, and very green. We were a British colony (b), and the British govern-
ment (c) at that time started to clear cut the indigenous forests in our forested mountains be-
cause they wanted to establish commercial (d) plantations of exotic species of trees such as the
pines from the northern hemisphere and the eucalyptus from Australia.
A
3. cycles, afforestation, maintain, climate, scarcity, benefits, futile
The forested mountains were the source of water and the source of rain, so when you deforest
you cause a shortage (a) of water and a change of rainfall patterns (b) and therefore people are
HN
not able to get food and water. Therefore, in order for them to have good environment that can
sustain (c) their livelihoods, it is important to have a government that accounts to them, that
protects them, that protects their interests (d), that is concerned about their lives.
EXERCISE - 6
1.
RIS exit, sorry, exist called, disparity, hatred, ignorant
Lakshmana Sastry summoned (a) the teacher, and in our presence, told the teacher that he
should not spread the poison of social inequality (b) and communal intolerance in the minds of
innocent (c) children. He bluntly asked the teacher to either apologize or quit (d) the school and
IK
the island.
2. variety, racial, dress, real, dreams, aspects, many
India, a country of many ethnic groups, is a land of myriad (a) languages, a veritable (b) babel
of tongues and numerous modes of apparel (c). For the most part, the continental dimensions
MS
(d) of the country account for these variations and diversities. Besides, there are several reli-
gions, sects and beliefs.
3. treated, continental, similar, lingo, accents, national, remain
India has one hundred and fifty dialects, and twenty two recognised regional languages, but
VA
Hindi, like (a) English, has come to stay (b) as the lingua franca of our nation. From Kashmir to
Kanyakumari and from Mumbai to Nagaland, Hindi is now understood (c) and is recognised
(d) as the national language of India.
ANSWERS
EXERCISE - 1
1. (a) extend (b) rub (c) permit (d) entire
2. (a) bold (b) mostly (c) little (d) take
3. (a) chose (b) particular (c) difficult (d) taken
4. (a) stunned (b) distressed (c) inablity (d) reason
EXERCISE - 2
1. (a) intelligent (b) surprised (c) actually (d) deceased
2. (a) pitiable (b) dispatched (c) weighty (d) enter
3. (a) hasty (b) adequate (c) tough (d) loves
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EXERCISE - 3
1. (a) restful (b) tiredness (c) truth (d) clearly
2. (a) choose (b) bring (c) ground (d) assurance
3. (a) reason (b) fixed (c) traditions (d) Firstly
4. (a) box (b) trouble (c) get (d) work
EXERCISE - 4
1. (a) typical (b) influence (c) familiar (d) interesting
2. (a) exhort (b) rudeness (c) inquiry (d) transfer
3. (a) big (b) wise (c) frightening (d) humble
4. (a) ignorant (b) probable (c) demise (d) solution
EXERCISE - 5
1. (a) origin (b) dearth (c) deviation (d) designs
2. (a) nearly (b) settlement (c) rule (d) profitable
A
3. (a) scaricity (b) cycles (c) maintain (d) benefits
EXERCISE - 6
1. (a) called (b) disparity (c) ignorant (d) exist
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2. (a) many (b) real (c) dress (d) aspects
3. (a) similar (b) remain (c) taken (d) treated
Q. 7 RIS g Q. 7 ANTONYMS g
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Atonyms nq>± opposite words (e«Ü¹s¿£ |Ÿ<‘\T) s•jáÖ*. Antonyms qT spelling ÔÃ dŸVŸä HûsÁTÌ¿Ãy•*.
eTTK«yîT®q Antonyms, n“• lessons Å£” dŸ+‹+~ó+ºq ÿ¿£ #Ã³ bõ+<ŠT|ŸsÁ#á&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. ¿±eÚq M{ì“ ÿ¿£
white paper ™|Õ kÍ<óq
Š #ûjTá >·\sÁT.
IK
1. Attitude is Altitude
stretch × shorten allow × forbid loved × hated
whole × partial stop × start brave × timid
small × big left × right send × receive
MS
special × ordinary hard × easy best × worst

shocked × confident distraught × balanced old × young/new
disability × ability rare × common cruel × kind
blamed × praised right × wrong start × end
independent × dependent put × take/remove courage × timidity
really × doubtfully totally × partly taught × learnt
VA
little × big hold × drop mainstream × uncommon

independence × dependence teased × helped bullied × helped/delighted
mobility × immobility team × single/individual deeply × slightly/mildly
depressed × happy /cheerful terrified × unafraid impossible × possible
luckily × unluckily unsuccessful × successful strength × weakness
friend × enemy triumph × failure adversity × privilege
disabled × enabled achieve × fail great × tiny
helped × harmed hope × despair inspirational× suppressive
encourage × discourage courage × timidity/fear thankful × ungrateful
never × always beauty × ugliness good × bad
strengthen × weaken convictions × doubts bravery × timidity
perseverance × feebleness absolutely × somewhat fantastic × normal
quickly × slowly low × high continue × discontinue
beautiful × ugly guest × host blessed × cursed
birth × death healthy × unhealthy together × alone
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2. The dear Departed

come × go precocious × slow/dull before × after
dead × alive here × there poor × rich
noise × silence heavy × light fast × slow
like × dislike new × old little × big
better × worse dividing × joining sharp × blunt
daft × sensible delicate × overpowering upstairs × downstairs
fasten × open front × back appear × disappear
down × up nothing × everything now × then
merry × miserable pay × receive thoughtful × thoughtless
hard × soft shabby × clean / tidy
3. The Journey
A
spending × saving tiring × invigorating continue × discontinue
extended × shortened much × less hilly × plain
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certainly × uncertainly marriage × divorce unpaid × paid
increased × decreased debt × credit dissuade × forbid
large × small gathered × scattered carefully × carelessly
tiny × big narrow × wide different × similar
improper × proper probably × improbably provided × withdrew
truly × falsely respect × disrespect stronger × weaker
RIS
childhood
silently
×
×
adulthood
noisily
strength
sorry
×
×
weakness
glad
useless
first
×
×
useful
last
bare × covered resembled × different noticed × unnoticed
uneven × even convince × dissuade reluctantly × willingly
suddenly × gradually motionless × moving same × different
IK
luxurious × uncofortable
4. Rendezvous with Ray
compare × contrast beginning × ending immortal × mortal
lose × gain arrive × depart weak × strong
MS
child × adult inevitable × avoidable introduce × conclude

display × hide pain × pleasure confident × diffident
face × avoid hidden × revealed
5. Environment
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commercial × non-commercial local × non-local produce × consume

broken × unbroken remember × forget complete × incomplete
morning × evening thick × thin colourful × colourless
children × grown-ups large × small bright × dull
visible × invisible identical × distinct wistfully × happily
outstretched × folded built × destroyed spluttered × composed
covered × uncovered
6. My Childhood
able × unable sudden × gradual collect × distribute
sell × buy common × uncommon sufficient × insufficient
unity × disunity human × inhuman wisdom × innocence
infinite × finite materialistic × spiritualistic insignificant × significant
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Q. 7 ANTONYMS 2 Marks
Read the paragraph and write the antonyms of the underlined words. 4×½=2
EXERCISE - 1
1. Imagine having no arms to stretch (a) in the morning, to help you scratch that itch, to allow (b)
you to wrap your arms around your loved (c) ones. Imagine having no legs to kick pebbles
down the street, to walk or run, to bicycle or skateboard, or get you from point A to point B.
Then imagine both at once, which is what Nick Vujicic has faced his whole (d) life. Have you
heard something like this before?
2. Nick Vujicic was born with no arms and legs - but he doesn’t let the details stop (a) him. The
brave (b) 26-year-old — who is mainly a torso — plays football and golf, swims and surfs,
A
despite having no limbs.
Nick has a small (c) foot on his left (d) hip which helps him balance and enables him to
HN
kick. He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes.
3. His parents decided not to send (a) him to a special (b) school - a decision he said was very hard
(c) for him, but which may have been the best (d) decision they could have made for him.
4. When Nick was born his father was so shocked (a) that he left (b) the hospital room to vomit.
His distraught (c) mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was four months old (d).
RIS EXERCISE - 2
1. Mrs. Slater : (sharply) Victoria, Victoria! D'ye hear? Come (a) in, will you?
(Victoria, a precocious (b) girl, dressed in colours, comes in.)
IK
Mrs. Slater : I'm amazed (b) at you, Victoria. I really (c) am. Be off now, and change your
dress before (c) your Aunt Elizabeth and your Uncle Ben come. It would never
do for them to find you in colours with grandfather lying dead (d), upstairs.
MS
2. Victoria : What are they coming for? They haven't been here (a) for ages.
Mrs. Slater : They're coming to talk over poor (b) grandpa's affairs. Your father sent (b)
them a telegram as soon as we found he was dead. (A noise (c) is heard)
(Henry Slater, a stooping heavy (d) man with a drooping moustache, enters. He
is wearing a black tailcoat, grey trousers, a black tie and a bowler hat.)
VA
3. Henry : I'm wondering if they'll come (a) at all. When you and Elizabeth quarrelled, she
said she'd never set foot (d) in your house again.
Mrs. Slater : She'll come fast (b) enough (b) after her share of what our father's left. You
know how hard (c) she can be when she likes (d). Where she gets it from I can't
tell.
4. Henry : I suppose it's in the family. (pause) Where are my slippers?
Mrs. Slater : In the kitchen; but you want a new (a) pair, those old ones are nearly worn out.
(Nearly breaking down) You don't seem to realize what it's costing me to bear
up like I am doing. My heart's fit to break when I see the little (b) trifles that
belonged to father lying around, and think he'll never (c) use them again.
(Briskly) Here! You'd better (d) wear these slippers of my father's now. It's
lucky he'd just got a new pair.
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EXERCISE - 3
1. After spending (a) a leisurely Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on Monday
is tiring (b). Lethargy creeps in if the holiday continues (c) over an extended (d) period. That is
how I felt when I was preparing to return to my place of work after spending six months at
home. The fact (c) that I was to leave behind my newly-wed wife and go to a far-off place did
not help either. Obviously (d) I did not want to go.
2. However, I finally did decide to go. I did not have much (a) to carry by way of luggage – just a
trunk. Ours is a hilly (b) terrain, without any motorable roads – and there is no certainty (c) that
we are ever going to have any roads. In any case while coming home we do not carry bedding.
A
Besides, I had come home this time round for a special (d) purpose : to get married.
HN
EXERCISE - 4
1. Ray took off where Tagore signed out. If one compares (a) the last major prose piece by
Tagore, “ Shabhyatar Sankat” (Crisis of Civilisation), which he wrote at the beginning (b) of the
Second World War, which contains his immortal (c) dictum that in spite of what was happening
RIS
it would be a sin to lose (d) faith in Man, and the last three films of Ray- Ganashatru, Shakha
Prashakha, and Agantuk- the analogy becomes clear.
2. The last time the two friends (a) met, Ray was in hospital, on his deathbed. It was a Sunday and
Roberge, true to habit, arrived (b) on the dot at 9 a.m. “He had grown so weak (c) that he looked
IK
frail as a child (d).
EXERCISE - 5
MS
1. These trees are very nice, they grow tall (a), and they grow very fast, but as they grow they
destroy all the local biological diversity. All the flora and fauna disappeared (b). So although
we were getting commercial (c) timber for the growing timber industry, we also destroyed our
local (d) flora and fauna.
VA
2. They're the ones who plant. They're the ones who cultivate. They're the ones who produce (a)
food, so I told them that seeds of trees are like (b) any other seeds. So if they were to treat these
tree seeds the same way they treat other seeds of food crops, there is no difference (c). I told
them to look for old broken (d) pots even and put seeds there.
3. "I can remember (a) the time," she said wistfully, "when all the fields around this village were
green and the harvests good". Her outstretched arm described a complete (b) circle as she
stood in the morning (c) sun. "Then they built those monsters, those……." Her voice spluttered
in anger as she shook her fist at a collection of ominous-looking black buildings on the horizon,
covered in a low-lying shroud of thick (d) smoke.
4. The village is like (a) any other African village-picturesque, colourful (b) and noisy. The Nana
family's house too, is the same (c) as all the other houses in the village, with mud walls and a
rusting corrugated iron roof, and with children (d) and chickens sharing the compound.
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EXERCISE - 6
1. The Second World War broke out in 1939, when I was eight years old. For reasons I have never
been able (a) to understand, a sudden (b) demand for tamarind seeds erupted in the market. I
used to collect (c) the seeds and sell (d) them to a provision shop on Mosque Street.
2. "India has many features which differentiate it from that of the other regions of the world, while
they are common (a) to the whole country in degree sufficient (b) to justify its treatment as a
unity (c) in the history of human, social and intellectual development."
3. Our scriptures are the storehouses of spiritual wisdom (a). Our saints aspired to the realisation
of the infinite(b). We have inherited great spiritual values contrasted with which the materialistic(c)
progress of the West appears insignificant (d).
ANSWERS
A
EXERCISE - 1
HN
1. (a) shorten (b) forbid (c) hated (d) partial
2. (a) start / begin (b) timid (c) big (d) right
3. (a) receive (b) ordinary /common (c) easy / cheerful (d) worst
4. (a) confident (b) arrived (c) balanced (d) young / new
EXERCISE - 2
1. (a) go (b) slow / dull (c) after (d) alive
RIS
2.
3.
4.
(a)
(a)
(a)
there
go
old
(b)
(b)
(b)
rich
slow
big
(c)
(c)
(c)
silence
soft
always / ever
(d)
(d)
(d)
light
dislikes
worse
EXERCISE - 3
1. (a) saving (b) invigorating (c) discontinues (d) shortened
IK
2. (a) less (b) plain (c) uncertainty (d) common
EXERCISE - 4
1. (a) contrasts (b) ending (c) mortal (d) gain
2. (a) enemies (b) departed (c) strong (d) grown-up/adult
MS
EXERCISE - 5
1. (a) short (b) appeared (c) non-commercial (d) non-local
2. (a) consume (b) unlike (c) similarity (d) unbroken
3. (a) forget (b) incomplete (c) evening (d) thin
4. (a) unlike (b) colourless (c) different (d) grown-ups
VA
EXERCISE - 6
1. (a) unable (b) gradual (c) distribute (d) buy
2. (a) uncommon (b) insufficient (c) disunity (d) inhuman
3. (a) folly (b) finite (c) spiritualistic (d) significant
Q. 8 RIGHT FORMS OF THE WORDS

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Q. 8 Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in brackets.
2 Marks
Reading text - A : 1. Attitude is Altitude
1. Imagine having no arms to ........... (a) (stretch/stretching) in the morning, to help you scratch
that itch, to allow you to wrap your arms around your loved ones. Imagine having no legs to
kick pebbles down the street, to walk or run, to bicycle or skateboard, or get you from point A
to point B. Then imagine both at once, which is what Nick Vujicic has faced his ........... (b)
(wholly / whole) life. Have you heard something like this before ?
Nick Vujicic was ........... (c) (born / birth) with no arms and legs - but he doesn't let the
details stop him. The brave 26-year old - who is ........... (d) (mainly / main) a torso - plays
football and golf, swims and surfs, despite having no limbs.
A
2. 'I call it my chicken drumstick,' joked Nick, who was ........... (a) (birth / born) in Melbourne,
Australia, but now lives in Los Angeles. 'I'd be lost without it.'
HN
Water sports aren't Nick's ........... (b) (one / only) thing - he also plays golf with a club
tucked under his chin, and is a huge fan of the English Premier League.
His parents decided not to send him to a ........... (c) (special / speciality) school - a decision
he said was very hard for him, but which may have been the best ........... (d) (decision / decide)
they could have made for him.
RIS
3. When Nick was ........... (a) (born / birth) his father was so ........... (b) (shocked / shock) that
he left the hospital room to vomit. His distraught mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until
he was four months old.
His ........... (c) (disable / disability) came without any medical ........... (d) (explanation /
IK
explain) - a rare occurrence called Phocomelia - and Nick and his parents spent many years
asking why this cruel trick would happen to them. 'My mother was a nurse and she did every-
thing right during pregnancy but she still blamed herself, " he said.
4. 'It was so hard for them but right from the start they did their best to make me ........... (a)
MS
(independent / independence)'.
'My dad put me in the water at 18 months and gave the ........... (b) (courage / courageous)
to learn how to swim.’
'I also got ........... (c) (really / real) into football and skateboarding. I ........... (d) (total /
totally) love the English Premier League.'
VA
5. Despite the risk of being bullied, his parents ........... (a) (insist/ insisted) on his attending main-
stream school. 'It was the best ........... (b) (decision / decide) they could have made for me,'
adds Nick, who later ........... (c) ( achievement / achieved) a degree in Financial Planning and
Real Estate. 'It was very hard but it gave me ........... (d) (independent / independence).'
6. Nick, who was teased and bullied, had an ........... (a) (electrical / electric) wheelchair for ...........
(b) (mobility / mobilise), and a team of carers to help him.
'I was ........... (c) (deeply / deep) depressed when I was eight years old,' he said. 'I went to
my mum crying and told her I wanted to kill myself.'
'I felt cold and ........... (d) (bitterly / bitter). I hated God for doing this to me and was
terrified of what would happen when my parents weren't there to look after me.’
7. At age ten Nick tried to drown himself in the bath but .................. (a) (luckily / luck) the attempt
was ...................(b) (unsuccessfully / unsuccessful). 'I felt there was no purpose when you lack
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purpose and strength. It is hard to hold on,' he said. But with the help of his .................(c)
(religious / religion), friends and family, Nick managed to pull through to become an interna-
tional symbol of triumph over ......................... (d) (adversity / adverse)
8. 'When I was 13, I read a newspaper article about a ......................... (a) (disabled /disability)
man who had managed to ......................... (b) (achievement / achieve) great things and helped
others,' said Nick.
'I realised why God had made us like this - to give hope to others. It was so .........................
(c) (inspiration / inspirational) to me that I decided to use my life to encourage other people and
give them the ......................... (d) (courage/ courageous) that the article had given me.’
9. "The challenges in our lives are there to ......................... (a) (strengthen/ strengthening) our
convictions. They are not there to run us over", said Nick. In 1990 Nick won the .........................
(b) (Australia /Australian) Young Citizen of the Year award for his ......................... (c) (bravery
A
/ brave) and ......................... (persevere /perseverance).
10. 'She was ......................... (a) (amazement / amazing),’ said Nick. 'She taught me how to surf
HN
and I was terrified at first, but once I got up there it felt ...................... (b) (absolutely/ absolute)
fantastic and I caught some waves pretty well.' Nick ..................... (c) (quick /quickly) learned
how to do the 360 degree spins on his board - a feat that got him on the cover of Surfer maga-
zine within 48 hours. 'No one has ever done that in the ......................... (d) (history/ historical)
of surfing,' he said. ‘But I have a very low centre of gravity so I've got pretty good balance.’
RIS
11. He moved to Los Angeles in 2007, and planned to continue to travel the world. In 2009, he
visited South America and the Middle East. In 2008, Kane Miyahara, a ......................... (a)
(beautiful / beautifully) young girl, whose mother was a Mexican and whose father was a Japa-
nese, attended to a meeting where Nick was the guest ......................... (b) (speak / speaker) in
IK
Texas. Kanae was attracted to Nick's message. From that time they were in touch with each
other to share their ideas on giving hope to the needy and they became ......................... (c)
(close/closely) friends. Finally they fell in love and their engagement happened in August 2011.
Nick put the ......................... (d) (engagement / engage) ring on Kanae's finger with his mouth
MS
and then said the most beautiful words every girl wants to hear coming out from her man's
mouth :'Baby, I love you'.
ANSWERS
VA
1) a) stretch b) whole c) born d) mainly

2) a) born b) only c) special d) decision
3) a) born b) shocked c) disability d) explanation
4) a) independent b) courage c) really d) totally
5) a) insisted b) decision c) achieved d) independence
6) a) electric b) mobility c) deeply d) bitter
7) a) lucikly b) unsuccessful c) religion d) adversity
8) a) disabled b) achieve c) inspirational d) courage
9) a) strengthen b) Australian c) bravery d) perseverance
10) a) amazing b) absolutely c) quickly d) history
11) a) beautiful b) speaker c) close d) engagement
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Reading text - A : 2. The Dear Departed - I
1. Mrs. Slater : I'm .............. (a) (amazed /amazement) at you, Victoria. I .............. (b) (real /
really ) am. Be off now, and change your dress before your Aunt Elizabeth
and your Uncle Ben come. It would never do for them to find you in ..............(c)
(colours / colourful) with grandfather lying .......... (d) (dead / death), upstairs.
2. Henry : I suppose it's in the family. (pause) Where are my slippers?
Mrs. Slater : In the kitchen; but you want a new pair, those old ones are .............. (a) (near
/nearly) worn out. (Nearly breaking down) You don't seem to .............. (b)
(realization / realize) what it's costing me to bear up like I am doing. My
heart's fit to break when I see the little trifles that belonged to father lying
around, and think he'll never use them again. (Briskly) Here! You'd better
A
wear these slippers of my father's now. It's .............. (c) (lucky / luck) he'd just
got a .............. (d) (newly / new) pair.
HN
3. Henry : They'll be very small for me, my dear.
Mrs. Slater : They'll stretch, won't they? I'm not going to have them wasted. (She has
finished laying the table.) Henry, I've been thinking about that bureau of my
RIS father's that's in his bedroom. You know I always wanted to have it after he
.............. (a) (died / dead).
Henry : You must .............. (b) (arrangement / arrange) with Elizabeth when you're
.............. (c) (dividing / devide) things up.
Mrs. Slater : Elizabeth's that .............. (d) (sharp / sharply), she'll see I'm after it, and we'll
drive a hard bargain over it.
IK
4. Henry : (stupefied) I wouldn't care to.
Mrs. Slater : Don't look so .............. (a) (daft / daftly). Why not?
Henry : It doesn't seem .............. (b) (delicate / delicately), somehow.
MS
Mrs. Slater : We could put that .............. (c) (shabbily / shabby) old chest of drawers up-
stairs where the bureau is now. Elizabeth could have that and welcome. I've
always wanted to get rid of it. (She points to the drawers.)
Henry : Suppose they come when we're doing it.
Mrs. Slater : I'll .............. (d) (fasten / fastening) the front door. Get your coat off, Henry.
VA
We'll change it.

5. Victoria : Are you planning to .............. (a) (pinching / pinch) it?
Henry : (Shocked) No, my child. Grandpa gave it to your .............. (b) (mother/ moth-
erly) before he died.
Victoria : This morning?
Henry : Yes.
Victoria : Ah! He was .............. (c) (drink / drunk) this morning. (Mrs. Slater appears
carrying a handsome clock under her arm.)
Mrs. Slater : I thought I'd fetch this down as well. (She puts it on the mantelpiece.) Our
clock’s worth nothing and this always appealed to me.
Victoria : That's grandpa's clock.
Mrs. Slater : Be .............. (d) (quiet / quietly) ! It's ours now. Come, Henry, lift your end.
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6. Ben : My word, it's a good thing he did.
Mrs. Jordan : He always was .............. (a) (thoughtful / thoughtfully) in that way. He was
too .............. (b) (honour / honourable) to have gone without .............. (c)
(paying / pay) his premium.
Henry : And when I came in I found him underssed .............. (d) (surely / sure)
enough and snug in bed.
7. Mrs. Jordan : What do you say, Ben ?
Ben : I'm not .............. (a) (particular / particularly).
Mrs. Jordan : (surveying the table) Well, then, if the kettle's .............. (b) (readiness / ready),
we may as well have tea .............. (c) (first / firstly).
(Mrs. Slater puts the kettle on the fire and gets tea ready.)
A
Henry : One thing we may as well decide now is the .............. (d) (announce / an-
nouncement) in the papers.
HN
8. Mrs. Jordan : .............. (a) (Except / Exception) his gold watch. He .............. (b) (promise
/ promised) that to our Jimmy.
Mrs. Slate r : Promised your Jimmy ! I never heard of that.
Mrs. Jordan : Oh, but he did, Amelia, when he was living with us. He was very .............. (c)
(fond / fondly) of Jimmy.
RIS
Mrs. Slater : Well, (amazed) I don't know !
Ben : Anyhow, there's his insurance money. Have you got the .............. (d) (recep-
tion / receipt) for the premium he paid this morning ?
9. Mrs. Jordan : He's done it on .............. (a) (purpose / purposefully), just to annony us.
IK
Mrs. Slater : After all I've done for him, having to put up with him in the house these three
years. It's nothing .............. (b) (shortly / short) of swindling.
Mrs.Jordan : I had to put up with him for five years.
MS
Mrs.Slater : And you were trying to turn him over to us all the ............. (c) (time / timely).
Henry : But we don't know for .............. (d) (certainly / certain) that he's not paid the
premium.
Mrs.Slater : Victoria, run upstairs and fetch that bunch of keys that's on you Grandpa's
dressting table.
VA
ANSWERS
1) a) amazed b) really c) colours d) dead

2) a) nearly b) realize c) lucky d) new
3) a) died b) arrange c) dividing d) sharp
4) a) daft b) delicate c) shabby d) fasten
5) a) pinch b) mother c) drunk d) quiet
6) a) thoughtful b) honourable c) paying d) sure
7) a) particular b) ready c) first d) announcement
8) a) except b) promised c) fond d) receipt
9. a) purpose b) short c) time d) certain
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Reading text - A : 3. The Journey

1. After spending a .............(a) (leisurely / leisure) Sunday at home, the very thought of returning
to work on Monday is tiring. Lethargy creeps in if the holiday continues over an .............(b)
(extend / extended) period. That is how I felt when I was preparing to .............(c) (return /
returning) to my place of work after spending six months at home. The fact that I was to leave
behind my newly-wed wife and go to a far-off place did not help either. .............(d) (Obvious /
Obviously) I did not want to go.
2. However, I .............(a) (final / finally) did decide to go. I did not have much to carry by way of
luggage – just a trunk. Ours is a .............(b) (hilly / hill) terrain, without any motorable roads –
and there is no certainty that we are ever going to have any roads. In any case, while coming
A
home we do not carry bedding. Besides, I had come home this time round for a .................(special/
certainty) purpose: to get married. My parents had arranged my marriage, according to the
customs of our tribal society. Time flew, and five months into my .............(d) (marriage / marry)
HN
I realized it. Initially I thought of extending my leave – even taking unpaid leave. But after some
dilly-dallying, I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and
I had got into debt.
3. On my way home from the bus stop, my trunk had been carried by a porter. The problem now
RIS
was we couldn’t find anyone who could help me carry the trunk to the bus stop. At another time
of the year, we would have .............(a) (easily / easy) found someone to help me, but now most
of the villagers were .............(b) (busily / busy) in the fields. Nobody had time to spare for me.
In fact, carrying the trunk should not have been such a worry for me except that my .............(c)
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(educate / education) had made me shun physical labour. After all, I was a .............(d) (govern-
ment / govern) officer and the idea of people seeing me carry my own luggage was not at all
amusing. Otherwise, for a young man like me it should not have been an issue to carry a 20-
kilo chest on my back.
MS
4. Having walked fast I was tired. Moreover, I had to cross two hills on the way up to the spot. I
.............(a) (quickly / quick) sat down on a rock. My .............(b) (fatherly / father) laughed at
my plight.
‘So this little .............(c) (distance / distant) has tired you? Rest for a while. But we have
VA
to be in .............(d) (time / timely) for the bus.’

5. Father was .............(a) (quiet / quietly) for some time. He .............(b) (thoughtful / thought-
fully) looked at the sun for a .............(c) (moment / momentary), and then his eyes fell on the
can of home-made wine that I was carrying. Wetting his lips with his tongue he said in a matter-
of-fact manner, ‘I am .............(d) (thirsty / thirst)’.
6. I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can. He drank all of it
at one go. He then .............(a) (arrangement / arranged) the belt that was attached to the trunk
.............(b) (carefully / careful) on his forehead. So, this was the picture: my father carrying my
luggage on his back and me following him with a tiny bag in my hand. We were walking up a
narrow .............(c) (hilly / hill) road, and neither of us uttered a word as if we were strangers
who spoke .............(d) (different / difference) languages.
7. I did not know what was going on in his mind. From time to time it crossed my mind that it was
.............(a) (improper / impropoerly) for me to let father carry the luggage. I wanted to tell him
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that I would like to carry the trunk myself, but my guilt and .............(b) (shame / shameful) did
not allow me to do so. This self-.............(c) (consious / consciousness) had probably to do with
my .............(d) (educational / education), the white-collar job that I had, or quite simply my
pride. Somehow, I had the feeling that if I carried the luggage, my father and my people, in fact
the whole world would laugh at me and I would be belittled.
8. Father had provided for my .............(a) (education / eduational), and I had been able to .............(b)
(realize / realization) his dreams. My parents were truly .............(c) (proudly /proud) of me. It
was through me that they had earned a greater degree of admiration and .............(d) (respectful
/ respect) from the villagers.
9. My father would not like to see me carrying a trunk on my back and would be very hurt if I did
so. I .............(a) (conclude / concluded) that it would be better to let him carry it. Father was
used to carrying luggage anyway. He was stronger and more skilled than I in these matters. I had
A
never got used to .............(b) (physically / physical) labour having stayed in hostels right from
my .............(c) (childhood / childish). So, in spite of my youth and strength, I was physically
HN
useless. I continued walking .............(d) (silently / silent) with father.
10. I looked at father’s bare feet. Never having worn shoes, his feet had developed cracks and
somehow .............(a) (resembled / resemblance) those of an elephant. I noticed this for the first
time. I hadn’t noticed that the road was .............(b) (unevenly / uneven). I didn’t have to since I
was wearing a pair of .............(c) (hunt / hunting) boots. I checked my wallet and saw I still had
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around Rs.40 with me. A pair of canvas shoes would cost around Rs.12 and the remaining
amount would be enough for me to .............(d) (getting / get) to Bomdila.
11. My father protested. ‘Give me an old pair. You don’t have to spend money on .............(a) (new
/ newly) shoes.’ I couldn’t convince him to buy a new pair. .............(b) (Reluctant /Reluctantly)
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I gave him the hunting boots I was wearing. I then took out my pair of leather shoes from the
trunk, and noticed my father’s face lighting up with .................(c) (contentment / content).
.............(d) (Sudden / Suddenly) he looked at me and said, ‘Take care. Write to us...’
12. Father wanted to say something but the bus started moving. I saw my father .............(a) (gradual
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/ gradually) receding into the distance. I saw that the road we had come by looked like a giant
.............(b) (motionless / motionlessly) rope. Father would use the same road to go back home.
.............(c) (Simultaneously / simultaneous) our journeys started in two opposite directions,
with me seated in the .............(d) (luxury / luxurious) seat of a bus and father walking back with
weary legs on the pebble-strewn road.
VA
ANSWERS
1) a) leisurely b) extended c) return d) Obviously
2) a) finally b) hilly c) certainty d) marriage
3) a) easily b) busy c) education d) government
4) a) quickly b) father c) distance d) time
5) a) quiet b) thoughtfully c) moment d) thirsty
6) a) arranged b) carefully c) hilly d) different
7) a) improper b) shame c) consciousness d) education
8) a) education b) realize c) proud d) respect
9) a) concluded b) physical c) childhood d) silently
10) a) resembled b) uneven c) hunting d) get
11) a) new b) Reluctantly c) contentment d) Suddenly
12) a) gradually b) motionless c) Simultaneously d) luxurious
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Reading text - A : 4. Rendezvous with Ray

1. It was a unique ............(a)........ (friend / friendship) that developed between a French-Canadian
priest and one of the world’s ............(b)........ (greatest/ great) film directors, and had a singular
impact on Bengali films both ............(c)........(academically/ academic) and practically. It was
en-route to India in1961, at a stopover in New York, that 26-year- old Fr. Gaston Roberge was
............(d)........ (acquainted / acquaint) with the works of Satyajit Ray through the Apu Trilogy.
2. Roberge does not endorse the ............(a)........ (accuse / accusation) of Ray’s detractors that the
master director made his ............(b)........ (reputation / repute) selling India’s poverty to the
West. “What struck me most was not the material poverty ............(c)........ (depict / depicted) in
the films, but the enormous spiritual poverty of some rich people is much more ............(d)........
(deplorable / deplore) than material poverty,” he said.
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3. It was a very quiet ............(a)........ (friendship / friend) that developed over the years. Manikda
[as Ray was affectionately called by his friends] was a shy person and always very discreet
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about ............(b)........ (displaying / display) his emotions,” said Roberge. Though to outsiders,
Ray’s massive stature- physical and intellectual- might have made him come across as cold,
aloof and even ............(c)........ (intimidating / intimidate), he was in ............(d)........ (reality /
real) a very simple and unassuming man with a subtle sense of humour.
4. “In these three films Ray was at his most ............(a)........(person / personal) and when some
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critics saw the films as didactic and verbose, he felt ............(b)........(deep / deeply) hurt. For, in
these last films, Satyajit was directly ............(c)........(talking / talk) to us, conveying his
............(d)........(person / personal) message on society and civilization.
5. One ............(a)........(important / importance) fallout of this friendship was the ............(b)........
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(establish / establishment) of Chitrabani, a communication and film institute, the first of its
kind in West Bengal, which Roberge ............(c)........(found / founded) in 1970 and to which
Ray, as a token of ............(d)........(friends / friendship), lent his name as co-founder.
6. For 26 years Roberge was the ...........(a)........(director / direct) of Chitrabani and under him the
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institute not only ...........(b)........(produce / produced) important ...........(c)........(document / docu-

mentary) features, but also became breeding ground for ...........(d)........(local / locality) talent
for film-making.
ANSWERS
VA
1) a) friendship b) greatest c) academically d) acquainted

2) a) accusation b) reputation c) depicted d) deplorable
3) a) friendship b) displaying c) intimidating d) reality
4) a) personal b) deeply c) talking d) personal
5) a) important b) establishment c) founded d) friendship
6) a) director b) produced c) documentary d) local
Reading text - A : 5. Environment

1. Some wars are ...........(a)........(fight / fought) because the environment is so
...........(b)........((degrade / degraded) that it is not able to support communities and so they fight
over the little that is ...........(c)........(left / leave). Others are fought because some people want
to take a lot of resources, to ..........(d)........(controll / control) them, and to keep many other
people out.
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2. Once we had ...........(a)........(plant / planted) those trees, we saw the need for them to under-
stand why we have to have good ...........(b)........(govern / governance) ; so it became important
to give them civic ...........(c)........(eduate / education) so that they could understand how we
govern ourselves, why we govern ourselves, why we govern ourselves the way we govern
ourselves, why we are ...........(d)........(manage / managing) our environment the way we are
managing it.
3. That is why the three themes are ...........(a)........(relate / related), like the African stool, with
three legs and the basin on which yout sit. The three legs ; one leg is peace, the other leg is good
...........(b)........(govern / governance), the third leg is ...........(c)........(sustain / sustainable) man-
agement of resources. When you have those three legs, now you can put the basin, which is
...........(d)........(development / develop).
4. We lost our local ...........(a)........(biology / biological) diversity. So that's a lot of damage to our
A
environment. As a result, these forests, which were the water towers, were no longer able to
...........(b)........(containment / contain) the water, so when the rains ...........(c)........(fall / fell)
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the water ran donstream and ...........(d)........(end / ended) up in the lakes and oceans instead of
going down into the underground reservoir so that it could come back to us in the form of rivers.
5. They will ...........(a)........(germinate / germination) and they will know these are the seedlings
from the seeds they ...........(b)........(plant / planted) and we gave them ...........(c)........(plastic /
plasticity) bags to be able to put those seedlings and to nurture them and when they were about
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half a meter long then they could go and ...........(d)........(transplant / transplantation) them on
their farms.
6. That sense of ...........(a)........(proud / pride), sense of dignity that they are not begging, that they
are doing things for themselves was very ...........(b)........(empowering / empowerment). That
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...........(c)........(transformation / transform) was very ...........(d)........(power / powerful).
7. I'm very happy about the fact that now in Africa you see new efforts of ...........(a)........((ensure
/ ensuring) that Africans...........(b)........(engage / engagement) in dialogue, that they invest in
...........(c)........(peace / peaceful) negotiations for conflicts, that we manage our environment.
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We must restore our environment and try to ensure that we do not fight, because we are
...........(d)........(allow / allowing) the environment, especially the land, to be degraded.
ANSWERS
1) a) fought b) degraded c) left d) control
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2) a) planted b) governance c) education d) managing

3) a) related b) governance c) sustainable d) development
4) a) biological b) contain c) fell d) ended
5) a) germinate b) planted c) plastic d) transplant
6) a) pride b) empowering c) transformation d) powerful
7) a) ensuring b) engage c) peaceful d) allowing
Reading text - A : 6. My Childhood

1. Our area, being isolated, was ...........(a)........(complete / completely) unaffected by the War. But
soon India was forced to ...........(b)........(join / joining) the Allied Forces and something like a
state of emergency was ...........(c)........(declare / declared). The first casualty came in the form
of the ...........(d)........(suspend / suspension) of the train halt at Rameswaram station.
2. The new teacher could not stomach a Hindu priest's son sitting with a Muslim boy. In
...........(a)........(accord / accordance) with our social ranking as the new teacher saw it, I was
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...........(b)........(ask / asked) to go and sit on th eback bench. I felt very sad, and so did Ramanadha
Sastry. He looked ...........(c)........((utter / utterly) downcast as I ...........(d)........(shifted / shift)
to my seat in the last row.
3. "Abdul ! I know you have to go away to grow. Does the seagull not ...........(a)........(fly / flew)
across the sun, alone and without a nest ?" He quoted Khalil Gibran to my ...........(b)........(hesitate
/ hesitant) mother, "Your children are not your chidren. They are the sons and daughters of
Life's ...........(c)........(long / longing) for itsef. They come through you but not from you. You
may ...........(d)........(give / given) them your love but not your thoughts, for they have their own
thoughts."
4. A keen ...........(a)........(penetrating / penetrate) insight will not fail to recognise the fundamental
unity beneath the manifold ...........(b)........(variety / vary) in India. The ...........(c)........(diversity
/ diverse) itself, far from being a damaging cause of disunity and weakness, is a fertile source of
A
...........(d)........(strong / strength) and wealth.
5. Other ...........(a)........(significant / significance) features of India's cultural unity are the variety,
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colour and the ...........(b)........(emotional / emotion) richness of its dances. The country abounds
in tribal dances, old - dances as well as classical dances of great ...........(c)........(virtuousity /
virtuous). Throughout at India, dance is regarded not merely as an accompaniment to social
intercourse, but also as a mode of ...........(d)........(aesthetics / aesthetic) expression and spiritual
realization.
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6. It is this strand of cultural unity ...........(a)........(run / running) through the country that we are
heir to, and to which people in the West are ...........(b)........(increase / increasingly) turning
now. It is up to the younger generation to uphold this torch of cultural unity for the rest of the
world to see, follow and emulate and not get dazed by the superficial ...........(c)........(prosperity
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/ prosper) and material achievement of the West, where man has set foot on the Moon in his
quest for space travel, but finds himself ...........(d)........(isolated / isolate) in his own society and
community.
ANSWERS
MS
1) a) comletely b) join c) declared d) suspension

2) a) accordance b) asked c) utterly d) shifted
3) a) fly b) hesitant c) longing d) give
4) a) penetrating b) variety c) diversity d) strength
VA
5) a) significant b) emotional c) virtuousity d) aesthetic

6) a) running b) increasignly c) prosperity d) isolated
Q. 9 g COMPLETE THE SPELLING BY USING VOWEL CLUSTERS.

g
Q. 9 Completing the spelling of the words by using vowel clusters.
(ea, ie, ei, oi, io, ua, ee, ae, ia, ai, oo) 1 Mark
‡ $uó²>·+ýË vowel clusters ™|Õ ç|ŸXø•qT n&•Â><ŠsÁT. nq>± ea, ie, ai, oi, io, ua, ee, ae, ia, oo yîTT<Š\>·T
n¿£Œs•\ÔÃ |Ÿ<‘“• |ŸP]+#•*. B“ ¿=sÁÅ£” n“• Reading - A passages ýË“ |Ÿ<‘\qT #á<Šee\d¾ –+&ƒTqT.
¿±‹{ì¼ € n+Xæ\qT lesson wise >± bõ+<ŠT|Ÿs#Á &á +ƒ È]Ð+~. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË 1 Mark kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” ¿±\jáÖ|Ÿq
ÈsÁ>·Å£”+&† ¿=“• n¿£Œs•\qT underline #ûjTá &ƒ+ È]Ð+~. M{ìýË ç|ŸÜ |Ÿ<‘“• #á<TŠ eÚÔáÖ underline #ûd¾q
uó²>±“• >·T]ï+#áT¿Ãy•*. ÿ¿£ paper ™|Õ |Ÿ<‘\qT kÍ<óŠq #û•dï eT+º~.
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around street mainly football foot between distraught
four really premier mainstream achieved teased wheelchair
deeply eight teeth mounted read achieve looked
beauty degree freak taught caught speaker countries
guest speaker beautiful mouth February healthy vigorous
amount straight street really would colours upstairs
poor dead house pair nearly seem realize
break around bureau die d coat alseep leisurely
thought countrie s period terrain roads labour idea
round society easily fie lds labour people quie t
poured forehead gradually simultaneously neither language guilt
consciousnessfeeling people realize dreams proud earned
reached appeared waiter heard pair shoes wearing
A
around remaining enough wearing leather giant priest
greatest affair speak quest reaching joining museum
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piece dialogue said friendsihp death year reality
humour about receiving greatest appreciation said language
found mood personalities earlier peasants society aesthetics
goes country peath searching deathbed weak frail
fallout reservation television occasion India n screen movie
weave
young
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learning
repeatedly
associated
forehead
release
theatre
brillia nt
repertoire
expressions
teach
dictionary
beautiful
against
audience
nervous
feeling
eight
repeat
through
pierces heart leisurely obviously certainly marriage easily
mountain source cause rainfall fought resources equitable
IK
peace especially acquire clear indigenous commercia l species
rains downstream need clean compaign vegetation professionals
building meterial dealing education clearly should profound
transformation create peaceful encouraging enormous reaching colours
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leaking mountain neighbours fields green leather shoes

each thoughts hearts early cloud nuclear each
loud speaker teach houses roads appeared bodies
touched sweet died evacuated caught boarded house
die fought equal peace interview areas material
VA
rainfall sustain accounts fought communities resources enough

equitable peace beings piece especially acquire young
years biological fauna commercial contain oceans rain
professional treat gained said building dealing education
transformation peaceful negotiations tree education wealth outsiders
house built fairly avoid essential mosque about
headlines casuality teacher priest break barriers build
head quarters myriad streams our dialects regional
variety break neither education ideal distinguished fairly
necessities childhood emotionally headlines suspension train road
earn priest trained faith annual boats wear
thread equality quit behaviour society segregation science
though ritually floor freedom quoted daughters
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Q. 9 COMPLETE THE SPELLING BY USING VOWEL CLUSTERS.(Exercises) 1 Mark
Complete the spelling of words choose by using vowel clusters 'ae' 'ea', 'ee', 'oo', 'ou', 'ai',
'ia', 'io', 'oi', or 'au' 1M
VOWEL CLUSTERS
1. I also got (a) r __ __ lly into football and skateboarding. I totally love the English (b) prem __
__ r league.
2. She could only see my head so I decided to do a 360 (a) degr__ __ spin in the car seat to (b)
fr __ __ k her out.
3. When Nick was born his father was so shocked that he left the hospital room to vomit. His (a)
distr __ __ ght mother couldn't bring herself to hold him until he was (b) f __ __ r months old.
4. She is a (a) vigor __ __ s, plump, red-faced, vulgar woman prepared to do any (b) am __ __
A
nt of straight talking to get her own way.
5. Henry I've been thinking about that (a) bur __ __ u of my father's that's in his bed room. You
know I always wanted to have it after he (b) d __ __ d.
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6. After spending a (a) l __ __ surely Sunday at home, the very (b) th __ __ ght of returning to
work on Monday is tiring.
7. Lethargy creeps in if the holiday (a) contin __ __ s over an extended (b) per __ __ d.
8. It was a unique friendship that developed between a French – Canadian (a) pr __ __ st and one
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of the word's (b) gr __ __ test film directors.
9. Ray was in (a) r __ __ lity a very simple and unassuming man with a subtle sense of (b)
hum __ __ r.
10. The forested m __ __ ntains were the s __ __ rce of water.
11. I started this camp __ __ gn to restore the vegetat __ __ n.
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12. My father, Jainulabdeen, had neither much formal educat __ __ n nor much w __ __ lth.
13. My father used to av __ __ d all inessent __ __ l comforts and luxuries.
14. Infact, I would say mine was a very secure childh __ __ d, both materially and emot __ __ nally.
ANSWERS
MS
1) a) really b) premier 8) a) priest b) greatest

2) a) degree b) freak 9) a) reality b) humour
3) a) distraught b) four 10) a) mountains b) source
4) a) vigorous b) amount 11) a) campaign b) vegetation
5) a) bureau b) died 12) a) education b) wealth
VA
6) a) leisurely b) thought 13) a) avoid b) inessential

7) a) continues b) period 14) a) childhood b) emotionally
Q. 10 COMPLETE THE WORDS WITH CORRECT SUFFIXES

Q. 10 Complete the words with correct suffixes given in brakcets. 1 Mark
‚~ Å£L&† spelling ¿ì dŸ+‹+~ó+ºq ç|ŸXø•. nsTTÔû ‡ $uó²>·+ýË eÖsÁTØ kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” |Ÿ<Š+ ºesÁ suffix qT
>·TsÁTï+#áT¿Ãy•*. n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” n“• Reading - A passages qT #á<Šy•*. ¿£qT¿£ n“• n+Xæ\qT ÿ¿£ #Ã³
#ûsÁÌ&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. ¿±\jáÖ|Ÿq ÈsÁ>·Å£”+&† –+&ƒT³ ¿=sÁÅ£”, yû>·+>± |Ÿ<Š+ýË“ suffix uó²>±“• HûsÁTÌ¿=qT³Å£”
underline #ûjTá &ƒ+ È]Ð+~. M{ì“ yû>+ · >± #á<TŠ eÚÔáÖ kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá +&•.
special decision medical occurrence independence courage programmer
accountant meant luckily successful international adversity inspirational
encourage thankful angry beauty concentrate challenges
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convictions bravery perseverance centre balance different motivational
message engagement breakfast insurance thoughtful honourable announcement
furniture jewellery reluctantly amazement luggage certainty marriage
initia lly fina lly solution thoughtfully moment carefully truly
admiration labour useless reluctantly contentment acquaintance compilation
publishers analysis greatness accusation director material deplorable
arrogance fina lly physical reality residence apprecia tion elegance
themselves reputation powerful immortal analogy personal didactic
civiliza tion aesthetics expression agnostic possible establishment communica tion
initial reservations documentary talent shortage rainfall government
national equaitable management governance sustainable development acquire
beautiful biologic a l commercial rehabilitate foresters professional sense
A
difference confidence governance sustainable development confidence importance
responsibility transformation ordinary leader wonderful ourselves compilation
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analysis generosity ancestral fairly emergency suspension characteristics
emotional priesthood contractor accordance impression presence bluntly
behaviour rebel barriers mingle horrified ritually hesitation
freedom permission hesitant children
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Q. 10 COMPLETE THE WORDS WITH CORRECT SUFFIXES (exercises)
1 Mark the words with correct suffixes given in brackets.
Complete
1. His parents decided not to send him to a (a) spe .......... (cial / sial) school a deci ..........(tion /
sion) he said was very hard for him, but which may have been the best decision they could have
made for him.
IK
2. Nick's father was a computer (a) program ..........(mar / mer) and (b) account .......... (ent / ant)
and he taught his little son how to type with his toe at just 6 years old.
3. At age ten Nick tried to drown himself in the bath but (a) lucki.......... (ley / ly) the attempt was
(b) unsuccess .......... (full / ful).
MS
4. Mrs. Slater : Father had been merry this mornig. He went out soon after (a) break ..........(past /
fast) to pay his insure ..........(ance / ence).
5. Victoria goes out (a) reluct .......... (antly / ently). They are transfixed with (b)( amaze ..........
(ment / mant); Victoria clings to Mrs. Slater.
VA
6. Fina ..........(ly / lly), my father came up with a solu ..........(tion / sion). Dont worry. I myself will
see you off at Dirang.
7. Time flew, and five months into my marri ..........(ege / age) I realized it. Initia ..........(ly / lly) I
thought of extending my leave - even taking unpaid leave.
8. Roberge does not endorse the accusa ..........(sion / tion) of Ray's detractors that the master
direct ..........(or / er) made this reputation selling India's poverty to the West.
9. An agnost ..........(icist / ic) throughout his life, it is possib ..........(ol / le), Roberge feels, that in
the face of death Ray was searching for an answer.
10. The three legs one leg is peace, the other leg is good (a) govern ..........(ance / ence), the third leg
is sustain .......... (able / eble) management of resources.
11. I used to collect the seeds and see them to a provi ..........(tion / sion) shop on Mosque street.
A day's collec .......... (sion / tion) would fetch me the princely sum of one anna.
12. His disability came without any (a) medi ..........(kal / cal) explanation - a rare (b) occurr
..........(ence / ance) called phocomelia.
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ANSWERS
1) a) special b) decision 7) a) marriage b) initially
2) a) programmer b) accountant 8) a) accusation b) director
3) a) luckily b) unsuccessful 9) a) agnostic b) possible
4) a) breakfast b) insurance 10) a) governance b) sustainable
5) a) reluctantly b) amazement 11) a) provision b) collection
6) a) finally b) solution 12) a) medical b) occurrence
Q. 11 gWRONG SPELT WORDSg
A
Q. 11 Find the wrong spelt word and write its correct spelling. 1 Mark
HN
‡ $uó²>·+™|Õ ç|ŸX•ø Identifying the wrong spelt word ¿ì dŸ+‹+~ó+ºq~. 4 |Ÿ<‘\ýË ÿ¿£{ì wrong –
+&ƒTqT. wrong >± –q• |Ÿ<Š+ jîTT¿£Ø spelling qT correct #ûd¾ çy•jáÖ*. n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” n“• Reading - A
passages ýË“ |Ÿ<‘\qT #á<y
RIS Š •*. ‡ $uó²>·+ýË eÖsÁTØ kÍ~ó+#•\+fñ |Ÿ<+Š jîTT¿£Ø spelling |ŸP]ï>± HûsÁTÌ¿Ãy•*.
n+<ŠT¿=sÁÅ£” eTTK«yîT®q |Ÿ<‘\qT ÿ¿£ <Š>·ZsÁ #ûsÁÌ&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. M{ì spelling qT ÿ¿£ paper ™|Õ kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá +&•.
1. A) Attitude is Altitude
imagine stretch scratch pebbles bicycle skateboard despite
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balance torso premier league special decision distraught
disability independent pregnancy courage programmer achieve depress
terrified triumph adversity perseverance absolutely fantastic magazine
different beautiful engagement healthy published spirit inspirational
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bravery
2.A) The Dear Departed

curtain amount vulgar vigorous window precocious amazed
upstairs kettle grandpa telegram moustache trousers quarrelled
VA
enough arrange bargain bureau guess instead stupefied

delicate daft fetch premium honourable length announcement
jewellery insurance beggar purpose swindling receipt examine
scared crazy malicious twinkle
3.A) The Journey

leisurely thought lethargy period debt tribal marriage
terrain certainty against porter education luggage amusing
issue solution dissuade already distance tongue uttered
consciousness guilt belittled waiter physical labour admire
resembled uneven protested convince shoes contentment journey
receding
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4. A) Rendezvous with Ray

unique priest impact practically route acquainted fascinating
cinema artist endorse accusation detractor material confidence
museum piece dialogue discreet intellectual aloof prevented
receive appreciation language elegance manuscript occasional fragment
reputation absolutely humane strode signed peasant humble
faith contain immortal critic verbose didactic impulse
agnostic institute founded initial docmentary deathbed arrived
frail adviser feature director music reservation
5.A) Environment
A
interview material rehabilitate mountain source pattern sustain
resource conflict global equitable sustainable governance especially
HN
equitably acquire majority indigenous establish hemisphere eucalyptus
diversity flora reservoir biological fodder restore professionals
complicated sense difference confidence importance responsibility tranformations
ordinary degraded wonderful vegetation campaign illiterate cultivate
nurture
RIS treat difficult competent influence environment ability
confident transformation profound corrupt peaceful agricultural symbol
grazing
6.A) My Childhood
island erstwhile wealth ideal innate recall distinguished
IK
ancestral nineteenth limestone inessential luxurious medicine secure
materially sudden erupted provision suspension naturally century
orthodox religious priesthood ceremony special marriage summoned
presence innocent regret apologize conveyed ultimately behaviour
MS
conservative mingle segregation ritually confronted imminent perturbed

optimism permission district hesitant
Q. 11 WRONG SPELT WORDS (Practice Exercises) 1 Mark

VA
EXERCISE - 1
1) imagine stretch scaratch pebbles Ans :...........
2) bisycle skateboard imagine despite Ans :...........
3) balance torso primier league Ans :...........
4) special decition distraught disability Ans :...........
5) independent pregnancy courage programer Ans :...........
6) device acheive depress terrified Ans :...........
7) triemph adversity encourage perseverance Ans :...........
8) absolutely fantastic magagine different Ans :...........
9) beautiful engagement healthy published Ans :...........
10) encourage spirit inspirational bravary Ans :...........
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EXERCISE - 2
1) curtain amount vulgar vigoros Ans : ..........
2) window precocious amaged upstairs Ans : ..........
3) ketle grandpa telegram moustache Ans : ..........
4) trousers quarreled enough stretch Ans : ..........
5) arrange bargain bureu guess Ans : ..........
6) insted stupefied delicate daft Ans : ..........
7) fetch premium honorble length Ans : ..........
8) kettle announcement jewelery insurance Ans : ..........
EXERCISE - 3
1) leiserely thought lethargy period Ans : ..........
A
2) debt tribal mariage terrian Ans : ..........
3) certainity against porter eduction Ans : ..........
HN
4) luggage amusing isue solution Ans : ..........
5) dissuade already distance tonge Ans : ..........
6) uttered consciousness guilte belittled Ans : ..........
7) waiter physical labor admire Ans : ..........
8) ressembled uneven amount enough Ans : ..........
9)
10)
RIS
protested
journey
convince
simultaneously
shooes
gradually
contentment
receeding
Ans :
Ans :
..........
..........
EXERCISE - 4
1) a) uniquie priest impact practically Ans :...........
IK
b) route acquinted fascinating cinema Ans : ..........
2) a) artist endorce accusation detractor Ans : ..........
b) material confidence musium piece Ans : ..........
3) a) dialoge discreet intellectual aloof Ans : ..........
MS
b) prevented recive appreciation priest Ans :...........

4) a) language eligance manuscript occasional Ans :...........
b) fragment reputation absolutly humane Ans : ..........
5) a) strod signed peasant humble Ans : ..........
VA
b) faith contain imortal critic Ans : ..........

6) a) verbose didactic impulce agnostic Ans : ..........
b) institute founded intial documentary Ans :...........
7) a) deathbed arived frail adviser Ans : ..........
b) feture director music reservation Ans : ..........
EXERCISE - 5
1) a) interviewe establish material rehabilitate Ans :...........
b) mountain source patern sustain Ans : ..........
2) a) resource confflict global equitable Ans : ..........
b) sustainable governence especially equitably Ans :...........
3) a) acquir majority indigenous establish Ans :...........
b) hemisphere eucalyptous diversity flora Ans : ..........
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4) a) reservoir biological foder restore Ans :...........
b) vegetation campain restore rehabilitate Ans :...........
5) a) plant proffesional illiterate produce Ans :...........
b) cultivate nurture treat dificult Ans :...........
6) a) compitent confidence tropics influence Ans :...........
b) governence environment education responsibility Ans :...........
EXERCISE - 6
1) a) island ersthile education wealth Ans :...........
b) ideal inate recall undistinguished Ans :...........
2) a) ancestral ninteenth limestone inessential Ans :...........
b) luxuries medicene secure materially Ans :...........
A
3) a) suden erupted provision princely Ans :...........
b) suspention naturally century inherited Ans :...........
HN
4) a) orthodox diference religious priesthood Ans :...........
b) ceremony special marrage children Ans :...........
5) a) summoned presense innocent regret Ans :...........
b) apologize conveyed ultimately behaviar Ans :...........
6) a) conservative mingle segrigation idea Ans :...........
b)
7) a)
RIS
kitchen
system
ritualy
confronted
difference
iminent
hesitation
perturbed
Ans :...........
Ans :...........
b) optimism permision district hesitant Ans :...........
ANSWERS
IK
Exercise - 1 : 1) scratch 2) bicycle 3) premier 4) decision
5) programmer 6) achieve 7) triumph 8) magazine
9) healthy 10) bravery
MS
Exercise - 2 : 1) vigorous 2) amazed 3) kettle 4) quarrelled

5) bureau 6) instead 7) honourable 8) jewellery
Exercise - 3 : 1) leisurely 2) marriage 3) certainty 4) issue
5) tongue 6) guilt 7) labour 8) resembled
9) shoes 10) receding
VA
Exercise - 4 : 1) a. unique b. acquainted 2) a. endorse b. museum

3) a. dialogue b. receive 4) a. elegance b. absolutely
5) a. strode b. immortal 6) a. impulse b. initial
7) a. arrived b. feature
Exercise - 5 : 1) a. interview b. pattern 2) a. conflict b. governance
3) a. acquire b. eucalyptus 4) a. fodder b. campaign
5) a. professional b. difficult 6) a. competent b. governance
Exercise - 6 : 1) a. erstwhile b. innate 2) a. nineteenth b. medicine
3) a. sudden b. suspension 4) a. difference b. marriage
5) a. presence b. behaviour 6) a. segregation b. ritually
7) a. imminent b. permission
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Q. 12 ARRANGING THE WORDS UNDER CORRECT HEADINGS
Q. 12 Arrange the following words undere corect heading 1 Mark

‡ $uó²>·+ýË“ ç|ŸX•ø arrange the words under corect heading ™|Õ n&•Â><ŠsÁT. ‚ºÌq |Ÿ<‘\qT persons,
places things >± $&ƒ>={ì¼ correct heading ç¿ì+<Š çy•jáÖ*. Reading - A passages ýË“ |Ÿ<‘\qT ‡
$uó²>·+ýË n&•>Â <ŠsTÁ . ‡ $uó²>·+ýË words y•{ì jîTT¿£Ø meanings qT n&ƒ>·sÁT. ¿±eÚq ‡ n+Xø+ ¿=sÁÅ£” yû>·+>±
kÍ<óqŠ #ûjTá T³ ¿=sÁÅ”£ n“• n+Xæ\T ÿ¿£#Ã³ #ûsÌÁ &ƒ+ È]Ð+~. @heading ç¿ì+<Š @ |Ÿ<‘\T –H••jîÖ >·TsÁTï+#áT¿Ã+&•.
‡ $uó²>·+ýË spellings ÔÃ nedŸsÁ+ ýñ<ŠT. Correct Spelt words qT question paper ýËHû ‚eÇ‹&ƒTqT.
PERSONS
accountant, virgin, publicist, programmer, parent, carer, speaker, master, fatalist, mercenary, mi-
sogynist, teetotaller, father, mother, nurse, producer, audience, wife, viewer, winner, child, activist,
woman, forester, leader, professional, children, teacher, Muslim, rebel, grandmother, contractor,
lord, boy, prophet, brother-in-law, helpmate, Indian, member, son, priest
A
THINGS
pebble, club, bicycle, pen, dress, bureau, clock, slippers, mantelpiece, chest, prize, fodder, food, ma-
HN
terial, timber, firewood, seeds, water, rice, door, cap, poison, thread, bench, image, prize, fodder
PLACES
school, world, country, hospital, church, street, bedroom, house, college, museum, residence, slum,
area, colony, forest, reservoir, lake, ocean, river, landscape, island, house, mosque, market, shop
RIS BODY PARTS
arms, leg, face, limb, foot, toe, torso, chin, neck, teeth, feet, head
PHRASAL VERBS
take over, break down, get off, take off, put on , look after, pick up
IK
IDIOMIATIC EXPRESSIONS
take by surprise, what the dickens, a good deal, for ages, get one's way, drive a hard bargain, at a loss
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
clear-sighted, new-laid, cold - blooded, four-day, curley-headed, well-read, half-sunk, peacock-
MS
blue, five-star, long-lasting

COMPOUND PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
inaddition to, infront of, inspiteof, inplaceof, incaseof, due to, along with, on account of, by means
of, apart from, ahead of, by way of, for the sake of, in addition to, in accordcance with
VA
SINGULARS
crisis, syllabus, thesis, fungus, datum, diagnosis, phenomenon, species, erraturn
PLURALS
crises, syllabi, theses, fungi, funguses, data, diagonoses, phenomena, species, errata
LATIN WORDS
fungus, data, erratum, species, crises, medium
GREEK WORDS
thesis, diagonses, phenomena, syllabus
WORDS WITH PREFIXES

disable, disadvantage, bicycle, bilingual, diameter, introvert, regress, bimorph
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WORDS WITH SUFFIXES
pesticide, collection, scientist, ecology, specula tion, dictionary, insecticide, civilization
Persons Nature of study Reduplicatives

anthropologist human race Duplicative Alliterative Rhyming
archaelogist remains aye - aye ding - dong bow - wow
geologist earth chuck - chuck ping - pong easy - peasy
physicist physics bang - bang zig - zag okey - dokey
environmentalist ecology chop - chop see - saw hodge - podge
psychologist mind tata hip - hop helter - skelter
dentist teeth papa tip - top itsy - bitsy
dermatologist skin ha ha chit - chat hanky - panky
A
paediatrician+ children boo - boo pitter - patter teeny - weeny
opthalmologist eyes hush - hush mish - mash hurly - burly
night - night tick - tack nitty - gritty
HN
zoologist animals
Positive Qualities
optimistic, generous, courageous, independent, sociable, trusting
creative, reliable, exuberant, cautious, competitive, imaginative,
observant, enthusiastic, outgoing, intrepid, suave, brave,
RIS
compassionate
obedient
idealistic,
affable,
logical,
valiant
cultured
level-headed
smart
positive
indepndent
confident
independent trusting
Negative Qualities
pessimistic, cowardly, arrogant, dependent, rude, lazy,
IK
quarrelsome, sarcastic, sullen, sneaky, bossy, aggressive,
haughty, malicious, finicky, slovenly, obnoxious, stingy,
mean, boorish, timid, careless self-centred nervous
dependent stubborn
MS
Q. 12 Arrange the words under correct heading (Exercises) 2 Marks

1 Mark
Arrange the following words under correct heading.
1) 3) virgin, school, publicist, world, father, hos-
accountant, bureau, virgin, pebble,
VA
programmer, club, speaker, clock pital, Indian, country
persons things people places
4) pessimistic, optimistic, generous, cowardly,

2) foot, toe, fatalist, teetotaller, mercenary,
arrogant, courageous, independent, depen-
chin, torso, misogynist
dent
people body parts positive qualities negative qualties
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5) talkover, break down, drive a hard argain, 9) disable, pesticide, collection, disadvan-
get one's eye, get off, get one's own way, tage, scientist, bicycle, bilingual, ecology
nothing sort of, take off
words with prefixes words with suffixes
phrasal verbs idoms (idiomatic
expressions)
6) crisis, crises, syllabi, theses, fungus, fungi, 10) choreography, director, peasant, cinematog-
thesis, syllabus raphy, playback, make up, critic, detractor
A
singulars plurals words related to words related to
people film making
HN
7)
RIS
clear-sight, new-laid, inaddition to, infront of,
half-sunk, inspite of, five - star, inplace of
Coumpound Compound
11) birds, cardiologist, psychiatrist, language,
mental illness, linguist, ornithologist, heart
Adjectives. Prepositional phrases persons nature of study

IK
MS
8) see-saw, chop-chop, zig-zag, ping-pong, 12) syllabi, fungus, crises, thesis, diagnoses,
bang-bang, chuk-chuk, aye-aye, ding-dong phenomena, erratum, data
duplicatives alliteratives Latin words Greek words

VA
ANSWERS
1) 2)
persons things people body parts
accountant bureau fatalist foot

virgin pebble teetotaler toe
programmer club mercenary chin
speaker clock misogynist torso
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3) 8)
people places duplicatives alliterative
virgin school aye - aye ding - dong

publicist world chuk - chuk ping - pong
father hospital bang - bang zig - zag
Indian country chop - chop see - saw
4) 9) words with words with
Positive qualities Negative qualities
prefix suffixes
optimistic pessimistic disable pesticide
generous cowardly disadvantage collection
A
courageous arrogant bicycle scientist
independent dependent bilingual ecology
HN
5) 10) words related words related to
phrasal idioms (idiomatic
verbs expressions to people film making
talk over drive a hard bargain peasant make up
break down
RIS get one's eye critic play back
get off get one's own own way detractor cinematography
take off nothing short of director choreography
6) 11)
singulars plurals persons nature of study
IK
crisis crises cardiologist heart
syllabus syllabi psychiatrist mental illness
thesis theses linguist language
fungus fungi ornithologist birds
MS
7) Compound Compound 12)

Latin words Greek words
Adjectives Prepositions phrases
clear - sight in addition to crises syllabi
new - laid infront of fungus thesis
VA
half-sunk inspite of data diagnoses

five - star in place of erratum phenomena
Q. 13 13. (a) Phrasal verbs

Q. 13 Using the following expressions in sentences of your own. ½ Mark
ÿ¿£ verb ¿ì ç|Ÿ¿£Øq $_óq• sÁ¿±\ prepositions #ûsÁTÌ e\q $_óq• sÁ¿±\ ns•œ\T e•dï n|ŸÚ&ƒT € verb “
phrasal verb n+{²sÁT. phrasal verbs “ nsÁœ+#ûdŸT¿=qT³ e\q uó²wŸ™|Õ mÅ£”Øe |Ÿ³T¼ kÍ~ó+#á e#áTÌqT.
10e ÔásÁ>·ÜýË Q.No. 13.a. $uó²>·+ýË ÿ¿£ phrasal verb qT ‚ºÌ <‘“ usage “ kõ+Ôá y•¿£«+ýË
s•jáTeT“ ç|ŸXø•“ n&ƒT>·T<ŠTsÁT. ‚+<ŠTÅ£” ½ mark ¹¿{²sTTkÍïsÁT. nsÁ eÖsÁTØ ¿£<‘ n“ ¿=+<ŠsÁT e~*yûjáT³+
ÈsÁT>·TÔáT+~. 10/10 ‚+^¢wtýË s•y•\+fñ ½ mark Å£L&† ¿¡\¿£yûT. n+<ŠT ¿=sÁÅ£” eTTKˆyîT®q phrasal verbs
“ ‡ ç¿ì+<Š s•jáT&ƒ+ È]Ð+~. y•{ì ns•œ\T Ôî\TdŸT¿Ã+&•. ¿±“ |Ÿ¯¿£ŒýË y•{ì usage s••dï #•\T.
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1. set in = begin / start (çbÍsÁ+uó„eT>·T)
set in = winter has set in early this year.
2. get into = became involved in (“eT>·•eT>·T)
get into = Srilekha got into her preparation for the exams.
3. run over = hit someone or something with something and drive over them (MT<ŠT>± q&•|+
¾ #áT)
run over = The car ran over a small goat on the main road.
4. kick down = strike forcibly with the foot (¿±*ÔÃ >·{ì¼>± ÔáqT•³)
kick down = Anadini kicked down the ball
5. speed off = left in a vehicle or on a bicycle (bÍ]bþeÚ)
speed off = The actress sped off in a waiting car.
6. bounced back = recovered quickly after a defeat (¿Ã\T¿=qT)
A
bounced back= T.D.P. bounced back in 2014 elections after 10 years.
7. freak out = make someone up-set / shock (~ç>±ÒÛ+Ü¿ì >·T]#ûjáTT)
freak out = Nick freaked out the girl at the traffic lights by doing a 360 degree spin.
HN
8. call into = call to a person to come to some place (|¾*|¾+#áT)
call into = I called my brother into the house.
9. break down = failing to function (|Ÿ“#ûjTá T³ €ÐbþeÚ)
break down = The car broke down when we were driving through the desert.
RIS
10. get rid of
get rid of
= discard as undesirable. (Ôá|¾Î+#áT¿=qT)
= He got rid of his bad company.
11. take off = remove / leave (Ô=\Ð+#áT)
take off = Revanth took off his shirt after entering his room.
IK
12. stagger in = walk (q&ƒT#áT)
stagger in = The thief staggered in and fell down.
13. talk over = speak with others about something / have a discussion (ÿ¿£ n+Xø+™|Õ dŸ+uó²w¾+#áT)
MS
talk over = The two brothers are talking over sharing of their father's assets.
14. run up = move quickly to some place (yîÞø—ß)
run up = I ran up to the post man to receive the letters.
15. get off = remove / take off (Ô=\Ð+#áT)
VA
get off = He got off his shirt after entering his room.
16. leave behind = not to take someone with you when you go somewhere (e<Š*yîÞø—ß)
leave behind = The young man left his old mother behind.
17. see off = to say goodbye to someone (M&ÃØ\T)
see off = I saw her off at the airport.
18. catch up = to come from behind and reach someone infront of you by going faster. (n~>·$T+#áT)
catch up = The old man caught up to the young man at last.
19. come across = meet by chance (¿£\TdŸT¿=qT)
come across = I came across a short person yesterday.
20. go about = tackle (e«eVŸ²]+#áT)
go about = You are not going about in the right way to find a solution.
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21. fight over = compete for / argue about something (bþ{¡|Ÿ&ƒT)
fight over = The birds were fighting over a scrap of food.
22. set off = start a journey (ç|ŸjáÖD²“• çbÍsÁ+_ó+#áT)

set off = we set off for work at 7.30 pm.
23. look after = take care (dŸ+sÁ¿ìŒ+#áT)
look after = Their auntie looked after them while their mother was in hospital
Q. 13 (b) Idiomatic expressions ½ Mark

‡ $uó²>·+ýË |Ÿ³T¼ kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” #•ý² kÍ<óqŠ nedŸs+Á . Idiomatic expressions lessons ýË #•ý² –q•$.
A
B“ýË ½ mark kÍ~ó+#áT³Å£” 2nd lesson ýË specific >± ¿=“• idiomatic expressions ‚eÇ&ƒ+ È]Ð+~.
‚$ public ýË mÅ£”Øe n&ƒT>·³Å£” ne¿±Xø+ ¿£\<ŠT. M{ì jîTT¿£Ø usage “ ÿ¿£ White paper ™|Õ #áÖ&ƒÅ£”+&†
HN
s•jáT+&•.
1. get one's own way : get what one wants even when somebody tries to opposite it;
mesÁT e«Ü¹s¿ì+ºH• ÔáqT nqTÅ£”q•~ bõ+<Š&ƒ+.
Anandini is intelligent and very particular about her interests. She gets her own way at the end.
2. for ages : for a long time ; dŸTBsÁé ¿±\+>±
RIS
He had been waiting for ages for his promotion.
3. set foot : visit ; come ; <Š]ô+#áT, e#áTÌ
When I set foot in the USA, I was really thrilled.
IK
4. drive a hard bargain : argue in an agrressive way and force someone to agree to the best
possible deal ; #•ý² €yûXø+>±, ‹\+ –|ŸjîÖÐ+º nÔáT«ÔáïeT ÿ|ŸÎ+<‘“•
‹\e+Ôá+>± Å£”<ŠTsÁTÌ¿=qT
These days many companies try to drive a hard bargain with their customers.
MS
5. get rid of : make free of something or somebody that is annoying ; $d¾Ð+#û<‘“•

/y•Dì’ e~*+#áT¿=qT
Some people are terribly boring. Every one tries to get rid of such persons.
6. give way : stop resisting ; agree to something one doesn't want to ;
VA
e«Ü¹s¿ì+#á¿£bþeÚ , ‚wŸ¼+ýñ“ <‘““ Å£L&† ÿ|Ÿð¿=qT

She refused to give way on any of the points.
7. at length : for a long time and in detail ; dŸTBsÁé+>±, dŸ$sÁ+>±
We have been discussing this topic at length.
8. on purpose : deliberately ; intentionally ; –<ûÝXø«|ŸPsÁÇ¿£+>±, ¿±y•\Hû
He opened the topic on purpose.
9. took by surprise : shocked ; ~ç>±ÒÛ+Ü¿ì >·T] #ûjáTT
He decision to join Army took his family by surprise.
10. at a loss : not knowing what to do ; ~Å£”Ø ÔÃ#á“ d¾œÜýË
All the students wereat a loss as the examination dates were announced at such a short notice.
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Q. 13 (c) Bionomial Expressions ½ Mark

‡ uó²>·+ýË“ ç|ŸXø•Å£” ½ mark ¿¹ {²sTT+#á&+ƒ È]Ð+~. Bionomial expresion jîTT¿£Ø nsÁœ+ public ýË €&ƒ>·sÁT.
<‘“ jîTT¿£Ø usage “ n&ƒT>·T<ŠTsÁT. M{ì“ u²>± kÍ<óqŠ #ûjÖá *.
These pairs of words joined by a conjunction 'and' are called 'binomials'. In these expressions,
the word order never changes. For example, we say 'near and dear' and not 'dear and near'.
Here ae some sentences with 'binomials' underlined.
1. Sports is a part and parcel of education.
2. The new theatre is rough and ready.
3. Music is not only Rahman's bread and butter but also his passion.
4. The film industry is expanding in leaps and bounds.
5. He can pick and choose anything he likes. It is the customer to decide.
A
6. 'Give and take' policy is always helpful
7. Ray gave his heart and soul to reading books.
HN
8. He stood by me through thick and thin.
9. The main goods were shifted first. Then the odds and ends were taken later.
v 'language and custom' 'cup and causer' ýË eÖ~]>± s Â +&ƒT |Ÿ<‘\T m|Ÿð&ƒT ¿£*d¾ –|ŸjÖî Ð+#á‹&•Ôû
RIS y•““ 'bionomials' n+{²sÁT.
v€ Âs+&ƒT |Ÿ<‘\T 'and' ÔÃ ¿£\T|Ÿ‹&ƒÔ•sTT.
v € Âs+&ƒT |Ÿ<‘\ ç¿£eT+ m|Ÿð&ƒÖ ÿ¹¿ rsÁT>± –+³T+~. eÖsÁ<ŠT. 'cup and saucer' eÖçÔáyûT - saucer
and cup ¿±<ŠT.
Q. 13 (c) Bionomial Expressions ½ Mark
IK
Use thethe following binomial expression in sentences of your own.
1. Part and parcel = an integral part (nedŸsÁyîT®q uó²>·+)
Ex : Sports is a part and parcel of education.
MS
2. rough and ready = almost finished (<‘<‘|ŸÚ eTTÐd¾q)

Ex : The new theatre is rough and ready.
3. bread and butter = livelihood (JeHÃbÍjáTeTT)
Ex : Direction is not only Rajamouli's bread and butter but also his passion.
VA
4. leaps and bounds = is big leaps ($ÈjáTe+Ôá+>±, nÜyû>+· >±)

Ex : The film industry is expanding in leaps and bounds
5. pick and choose = a large choice (C²ç>·Ôáï>± mqT•¿=qT)
Ex : He can pick and choose anything he likes. It is the customer to
decide.
6. give and take = help one another (ÿ¿£]¿=¿£sÁT dŸVŸäjáT+ #ûdŸT¿=qT / ‚ºÌ|ŸÚ#áTÌ¿=qT)
Ex : 'Give and take' policy is always helpful.
7. heart and soul = dedicated (n+¿ìÔáuó²e+ÔÃ)
Ex : Ray gave his heart and soul to reading books.
8. thick and thin = in difficult times (¿£cÍ¼\ýË)
Ex : He stood by me through thick and thin.
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9. odds and ends = unimportant things (çbÍeTTK«Ôá ýñ“$)
Ex : the main goods were shifted first. Then the oods and ends were
taken later.
10. language and custom= related language and culture (uó²wŸ ` dŸ+dŸØ•ÔáT\Å£” dŸ+‹+~+ºq)
Ex : Sindhu is a perfect Telugu girl in language and custom.
11. cup and saucer = seen together (¿£*d¾yîT*d¾)
Ex : The two friends are always seen like a cup and a saucer.
12. near and dear = relatives well wishers and close friends. (eTTK«yîT®qy•sÁT)
Ex : I invited all my near and dear to attend my birthday party.
Q. 13 (d) Using foreign expressions in sentences of your own. ½ Mark
A
‡ $uó²>·+ýË foreign expression qT ‚ºÌ y•{ì jîTT¿£Ø usage qT çy•jáTeT“ n&•Â><ŠsÁT. Foreign expres-
sions Unit - 4 ýË ¿£\eÚ. ¿±eÚq y•{ì“ bõ+<ŠT|Ÿs#
Á Tá ³ È]Ð+~. M{ì jîTT¿£Ø usage “ #áÖ&ƒÅ£”+&† çy•jáTT³
HN
HûsÁTÌ¿Ã+&•.
1. en masse = all together, in large numbers (ÿ¹¿kÍ] kÍeTÖV¾²¿£+>±)
Ex : The supporters of our local M.L.A. arrived en masse for the rally.
2. viva voce = a spoken exam (eTòÏ¿£, eÖ³\ <‘Çs•)
RIS Ex : The students are required to write two papers and take a viva voce
examination.
3. in toto = totally (|ŸP]ï>±)
Ex : The judge accepted the testimony in toto
IK
4. alma mater= mother of the soul (school or university) (#á<ŠTeÚÅ£”q• $<‘«\jáT+)
Ex : I visited my old alma mater last week.
5. ex officio = included because of the rank or job/ by virtue of office. (n~ó¿±sÁ¿£)
Ex : Maheswari is an ex officio member of the board of the company.
MS
6. in absentia = in the absence of (ýñ“ dŸeTjáT+ýË)

Ex : She was convicted of the crime in absentia.
7. detour = a longer route we take to avoid a danger (#áT³Ö¼ Ü] yûÞßâ <‘])
Ex : After a number of unexpected detours , we finally arrived at our
VA
destination.
8. verbatim = word for word, exactly as spoken or written (–q•~ –q•³T¢>±)
Ex : Some passages in the book are taken verbatim to write a new story.
9. status quo = situation as it is now (jáT<‘Ôá<óŠ d¾œÜ)
Ex : He is content with the status quo and does not like change.
10. ad hoc = not planned in advance (Ô•Ô•Ø*¿£, eTT+<ŠdŸTï ç|ŸD²[¿£yûdŸT¿=q“)
Ex : The minister appointed an ad hoc committee to study the quality of
education.
11. bona fide = genuine, real or legal (“ÈyîT®q, y•dŸïeyîT®q)
Ex : The candidates who join this project should submit their bona fide
certificates.
12. lingua franca= link language (_óq• uó²cÍ e«Å£”ï\T –|ŸjîÖÐ+#û uó²wŸ)
Ex : English is used as a lingua franca among many airline pilots.
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13. magnum opus =the greatest work (>=|ŸØ ¿£Þ²K+&ƒ+)
Ex : Bahubali is the magnum opus of the director Rajamouli, a famous
Telugu film director.
14. sine die = indefinitely (KºÌÔá+¿±“)
Ex : The meeting was adjourned sine die .
15. en route = on the way (eÖsÁ+ Z ýË)
Ex : I visited Hyderabad en route to Delhi.
Q. 14
g MATCHING g
Q. 14 Match the following one-word substitutes with their meanings. 2 Marks
‡ $uó²>·+ýË“ ç|ŸX•ø matching ¿ì dŸ+‹+~ó+ºq~. ¿=“• words Å£” meanings qT match #ûjÖá *. SCERT
A
y•sÁT ‚ºÌq syllabus ýË“ blue print ç|Ÿ¿±sÁ+ Unit - 1 eT]jáTT Unit - 4 ýË“ n+Xæ\™|Õ ç|ŸXø•qT n&•Â><ŠsÁT.
$<‘«]œ ‡ $uó²>·+ýË m³Te+{ì spelling HûsÁTÌ¿Ãe\d¾q nedŸsÁ+ ýñ<ŠT. ‡ ç¿ì+<Š ‚eÇ‹&•q words <‘“¿ì
m<ŠTsÁT>± –q• meanings qT 2 ýñ<‘ 3 kÍsÁT¢ #á<eŠ +&•. 2 Marks Ôî#Tá Ì¿=qT³ #•ý² dŸT\uóe„ TT.
HN
1. Fatalist = A person who believes in fate. (n<Š•cÍ¼“• qyûTˆ e«¿ìï)
2. Centenarian= A person who is above hundred years. (100 dŸ+öö\T <‘{ìq e«¿ìï)
3. Omnipresent= One who is present everywhere. (ç|ŸÜ#Ã³ –+&ûy•&ƒT) (uó„>·e+ÔáT&ƒT)
RIS
4. Mercenary = A person who can do anything for money. (&ƒ‹TÒ¿ÃdŸ+ @<îÕH• #ûjáTTe«¿ìï)
5. Misogynist = One who hates women. (•dÓï <ûÇw¾)
6. Monogamy = A practice of having one wife or husband (@¿£|Ÿr•eçÔáT&ƒT)
7. Autobiography = A life history written by oneself. (kõ+Ôá J$Ôá #á]çÔá)
IK
8. Biography = A life history written by somebody else. (‚ÔásÁT\ J$Ôá #á]çÔá)
9. Honorary = A position for which no salary is paid. (“¯’Ôá yûÔáq+ ýñÅ£”+&† >šsÁe|ŸPsÁÇ¿£yîT®q)
10. Ambiguous = A sentence whose meaning is unclear (dŸÎwŸ¼+>± “sÁÇº+#áýñ“)
11. Inimitable = That which can not be imitated (nqT¿£sÁD kÍ<óŠ«+¿±“)
MS
12. Theist = One who believes in God. (<ûeÚ“• qyûTˆ e«¿ìï)

13. Spendthirft = One who spends too much (u²>± KsÁTÌ #ûjTá T e«¿ì)ï
14. Teetotaler = One who abstains from taking alcohol. (€ý²ØVŸä\T eTT³¼“ e«¿ìï)
15. Philanthropist = One who is an icon of simplicity, uncompromising quality and fairness / who
VA
devotes his service or wealth for the love of man kind. (|ŸsÃ|Ÿ¿±])
16. Pioneer = Who is the first to study and develop a particular area of knowledge, culture
etc. that other people then continue to develop. (nHûÇwŸÅ£”&ƒT)
17. incorrigible = A person or thing that can not be corrected. (u²>·T|ŸsÁ#á nkÍ<óŠ«yîT®q)
18. Intellectual = A person of good understanding, knowledge and reasoning person. (Ôî*yîÕq)
19. Polyglot = A person who knows many languages (‹VŸQuó²wŸ ¿Ã$<ŠT&ƒT)
20. Versatile = One who possesses many talents (nHû¿£ $wŸjáÖ\ýË bÍ+&•Ôá«+ >·\)
21. Epitaph = Words inscribed on a tomb (#áse
Á TXË¢¿+£ )
22. Stopover = A short stay between two places in one's journey (ç|ŸjáÖD+ eT<óŠ«ýË ¿=~Ý•d|Ÿ{ì ‹dŸ)
23. Publisher = A person who brings out new books. (|ŸÚdŸï¿£ ç|Ÿ#áTsÁD¿£sÁï)
24. Trilogy = A group of three films that has the same characters or subject. (ÿ¿£<‘“¿=¿£{ì
dŸ+‹+<óŠ+ >·\ eTÖ&ƒT H•{²¿±\ •d¿£sÁD)
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25. Portal = An impressive entrance to a building. (eTVŸä ç|ŸyX
û ø <‘ÇsÁeTT)
26. Detractor = A person who tries to make something less good by criticising it. (ÔáÅ£”Øe#ûd¾
eÖ{²¢&yû •&ƒT)
27. Colossus = A person who is extremely important or large in size.(ç‹VŸäˆ+&ƒyîT®q ç|ŸÜeT)
28. Manuscript = A handwritten doucment.(çy•d¾q |ŸÚdŸï¿£+)
29. Culprit = A person who is responsible for a problem or a crime. (Hûs•sÃ|ŸD >±$+#á‹&•q e«¿ì)ï
30. Dictum = A statement that expresses something people believe is true and is to be
followed. (dŸÖ¿ìï)
31. Verbose = Using more words than needed. (Xø‹| Æ ÚŸ w¾>¼ \· )
32. Didactic = Something designed to teach people some moral. (Xæ•kÍï<‘jáT¿£yîT®q)
32. Agnostic = A person who is not sure about the existence of God. (<ûeÚ&ƒT –q•~ ýñ“~ #î|ŸÎ&ƒ+
A
kÍ<ó«Š +¿±<Š“ uó²$+#û e«¿ì)ï
33. Aesthetics = A branch of philosophy that studies the principles of beauty in art (kå+<Šs«Á Xæg+)
HN
34. Fall out = A result of a situation or of an action. (dŸ+uó„e+)
35. Documentary= A film that gives facts about someting. (y•dŸy
ï •\™|Õ sÁÖbõ+~+#û d¾“eÖ)
Q. 14 Match the following one-word subtutes with their meaings (Exercises)
1. Part - A Part - B
RIS
1. fatallist
2. centenarian
(
(
)
)
(A) one who can do anything for money
(B) one who is the first to study and develop a particu-
lar area of knowledge, culture etc.
3. omnipresent ( ) (C) a person who believes in fate
IK
4. mercentary ( ) (D) one who can not be corrected
(E) a person who is above hundred years
(F) one who is present everywhere
MS
1. misogynist ( ) (A) one who can do anyting for money
2. monogamy ( ) (B) a life history written by somebody else
3. autobiography ( ) (C) a life history written by oneself
VA
4. biography ( ) (D) one who can not be corrected

(E) a practice of having one wife or husband
(F) one who hates woman
1. philanthropist ( ) (A) a sentence whose meaning is unclear
2. pioneer ( ) (B) a position for which no salary is paid
3. honorary ( ) (C) a life history written by oneself
4. ambiguous ( ) (D) one who can not be corrected
(E) one who is the first to work in a particular area of
knowledge
(F) one who devotes his service or wealth for the love
of mankind.
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1. polyglot ( ) (A) a person who abstains from taking alcohol
2. intellectual ( ) (B) a person or thing that can not be corrected
3. incorrigible ( ) (C) a person of good understanding, knowledge and
reasoning power
4. versatile ( ) (D) a person wo knows many languages
(E) one who believes in God
(F) one who possesses many talents
1. inimitable ( ) (A) a person who abstains from taking alcohol
2. theist ( ) (B) a position for which no salary is paid
A
3. spendthrift ( ) (C) a life history written by oneself
4. teetotaller ( ) (D) one who spends too much
HN
(F) that which can not be imitated
1. epitaph
RIS ( ) (A) a person who can advise others
2. introvert ( ) (B) words inscribed on a tomb
3. guide ( ) (C) a person of good understanding, knowledge and
reasoning power
4. versatile ( ) (D) a quiet person who is more intersted in their own
thoughts and feelings
IK
(F) one who possesses many talents
1. rendezvous ( ) (A) a person who abstains from taking alcohol
MS
2. stopover ( ) (B) a person who brings out new books

3. publisher ( ) (C) a short stay between two places in one's journey
4. trilogy ( ) (D) a meeting place
VA
(F) a group of three films with the same characters or

subject.
1. portal ( ) (A) a person who is exteremely important or large in
size
2. detractor ( ) (B) an impressive entrance to a building
3. colossus ( ) (C) a person of good understanding knowledge and
reasoning power
4. culprit ( ) (D) a person who tries to make something less good
by criticising it
(F) a person who is responsible for a problem or a
crime
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1. manuscript ( ) (A) something designed to teach people some moral
2. dictum ( ) (B) a position for which no salary is paid
3. verbose ( ) (C) a life history writen by oneself
4. didactic ( ) (D) using more words than needed
(E) a statement that expresses something people be-
lieve is true and is to be followed
(F) a hand written document
1. agnostic ( ) (A) a person who abstains from taking alcohol
2. aesthetics ( ) (B) a result of a situation or of an action
A
3. fallout ( ) (C) a branch of philosophy that studies the principles
of beauty in art
4. documentary ( ) (D) a person who is not sure about the existence of
HN
God
(F) a film that gives facts about something
ANSWERS
1.
2.
RIS
1-C
1-F
2-E
2-E
3-F
3-C
4 -A
4-B
6.
7.
8.
1-B
1-D
1-B
2-D
2-C
2-D
3 -A
3-B
3 -A
4-F
4-F
4-F
3. 1-F 2-E 3-B 4 -A
4. 1-D 2-C 3-B 4-F 9. 1-F 2-E 3-D 4 -A
5. 1-F 2-E 3-D 4 -A 10. 1-D 2-C 3-B 4-F
IK
Wish you all the best
MS
n_óq+<Šq\ÔÃ... MT
{¡#ásYà n¿±&ƒ$T, ¿£“Ð] M. Vamsi Krishna
VA
Don't stop
when you are tired.
STOP
when you are
DONE!
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www.tlm4all.com
A
HN
RIS
IK
MS
VA
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VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

English Grammar - Made Easy 1 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

English Grammar - Made Easy 2 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

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INDEX - GRAMMAR PART (30 MARKS)

6. Identifying the suitable synonyms to the underlined words in

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

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4. He is very weak that he cann't walk. [ û ]

Rule : Subject singular ¿±eÚq was –|ŸjÖî Ð+#•+.

7. A man was lead his donkey down a road. [ û ]

English Grammar - Made Easy 5 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

18. He is a cleverest boy in the class. [ û ]

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A. Your black stiff quills are not worth having. [ ü ]

A. They would have a better chance. [ ü ]

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

Q. 9 Editing a Passage (Practice exercises) [2½ Marks

finally let the mouse go.

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English Grammar - Made Easy 9 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

the cleverest, the biggest, the most beautiful ;

2) I read the Ramayana every morning.

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VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

Q. 10 CLOSE TEST [2½ Marks

3) A) heard B) hear C) hears D) hearing

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English Grammar - Made Easy 13 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

3) A) walking B) have walked C) walk D) walks

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(Rewrite the sentence using non-finite clause)

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Q. 12 ACTIVE VOICE - PASSIVE VOICE

Subject Object Subject Object

Rama Rama Sita Sita

English Grammar - Made Easy 16 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

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Rule - 3 : helping verb ç|Ÿ¿£Øq v3 (past participle) sÁÖ|Ÿ+ çy•jáÖ*.

ç|Ÿ¿£Øq nqT –+#•*.

Note : subject qT object >± object qT subject eÖsÁTÌ³Å£” ‡ table –|ŸjîÖ>·|Ÿ&ƒTqT.

You < > you They < > them

I eat a mango (HûqT eÖ$T&• Ü+{²qT) → Activive voice

English Grammar - Made Easy 17 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

S + is / are / am + V1 + ing + O → A.V.

S + have / has + V3 + O → A.V.

He was praised by the teacher. → P.V. We were received by the hotess.→P.V.

S + was / were + V1 + ing + O → Active voice

English Grammar - Made Easy 18 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322

VAMSI Publications CLASS - X

S + had + V3 + O → Active voice

S + shall / will + V1 + O → Active voice

Future perfect tense : S + will have / shall have + V3 + O → Active voice

Examples : 3. Vijaya Lakshmi will have cooked

Learn some other structures :

O + can be / could be / would be/ should be / may be / might be / must be /

English Grammar - Made Easy 19 Vamsi Krishna - 9652115322