ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BY SAGAR DODEJA, EX IES, FACULTY, MADE EASY & NEXT IAS

CONTENT LIST FOR REVISE WITH ME - LIVE ONLY

SESSION - 30TH JAN - YOUTUBE. WE WILL TRY AS
MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO COVER THIS.

CHAPTER 1 - WATER DEMAND

What is Water Demand?

How to determine Water Demand?

Concept of Design Period

Population Forecasting

Mathematical Methods

Arithmetic Increase Method

Geometric Increase Method

Incremental Increase Method

Decreasing Rate of Growth Method

Graphical Methods

Simple Graphical Method

Comparative Graphical Method

Logistic Curve method

Types of Water Demand

Domestic Water Demand

Industrial Water Demand

Institutional & Commercial Water Demand

Public Use Demand

Demand for Losses & Thefts

Fire Demand

The Per Capita Demand

Fluctuations in the per capita demand

Coincident Demand

Total Demand

CHAPTER 2 - SOURCES OF WATER

Scope of this chapter

Types of Geological Formations

Types of Aquifers

Darcy’s Law

Speci c Yield and Speci c Retention

Extraction of Ground Water

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 In ltration Well

Jack Well

Ranney Well

Open Well and Tube Well

Types of Open Wells

Types of Tube Wells

Yield of Well

Theoretical Methods

Dupit’s and Theims’ theory

Field Methods

Pumping & Recuperation Test

Transmissibility of an aquifer

Speci c Capacity of a well

Speci c Storage and Storativity

Interference of Wells

In ltration Gallery

CHAPTER 3 - WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

Introduction

Types of Impurities in water

Physical Water Quality Parameters

Suspended Solids (a part of Total Solids)

Turbidity

Colour

Odour

Taste

Temperature

Chemical Water Quality Parameters

Dissolved Solids (a part of Total Solids)

pH

Alkalinity

Hardness

Nitrogen Content

Chlorides

Fluorides

Metals

Iron and Manganese

Dissolved Gases

Biological Water Quality Parameters

Types of Organics

Types of Microbial Reactions with BOM

Types of Micro-organisms

Coliforms

Testing of Coliforms

Membrane Filter Technique

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 MPN Test

Thomas Equation

Water borne diseases

Nuisance bacteria

IS 10500:2012(Revised 2015) pdf

CHAPTER 4 - TREATMENT OF WATER

General process of treatment

Screening

Types of Screens

Design Data

Aeration

Objectives of Aeration

Types of Aerators

Sedimentation

Introduction

Types of Settling

Analysis of Type 1 Settling

Types of Settling Tanks

Quiescent Type

Continuous Flow Type

Rectangular Tank

Analysis

Design

Horizontal Flow Circular Tank

Analysis

Design

Vertical Flow Circular Tank (overview)

Short Circuiting in a Sedimentation Tank

Coagulation

De nition

Properties of a coagulant

Coagulants used in treatment

Alum

Properties

Reaction

Quantity of sludge formed

Optimum dosage

Copperas

Chlorinated Copperas

Sodium Aluminate

Di erence between Aluminium Salts and Iron Salts

Fast Mixing

Theory of mixing

Theoretical meaning

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 Practical meaning

Techniques of Fast mixing

Flash or Mechanical Mixer

Hydraulic Jump Mixing

Ba ed Channel Mixing

Pneumatic Mixing

Flocculation

De nition

Types of Flocculation Chamber

Analysis and Design of Mechanical Type Flocculator

Type of Floc Formed

Types of Flocculation

Mechanism of Coagulation and Flocculation

Filtration

De nition

Types of Filtration

Mechanism of Filtration

Comparison between SSF and RSF

Slow Sand Filter*

Operation

Design Data

Rapid Sand Filter

Operation

Design Data

Expansion of lter bed during backwash

Operational Troubles in RSF

Dual and Multi Media Filter

Double Filtration

Disinfection

Introduction

Methods of Disinfection

Minor methods of disinfection

Boiling

UV Treatment

Ozone

Potassium Permanganate

Iodine and Bromine

Acids and Bases

Metallic Ions

Chlorination

Introduction

Theory of Chlorine Reactions

Demand and Dosage of Chlorine

Chlorination Curve

Chick’s Law

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 Chick Watson Model or Ct Concept

Tests for Chlorine Residuals

Various Forms of Chlorine

Types of Chlorination

Minor methods of Treatment

Water Softening Methods

Lime Soda Process

Demineralisation

Ion Exchange/Zeolite Process

Fluoridation

De uoridation

Nalgonda Technique

Prashanti Technique

Reverse Osmosis

Demineralization

Desalination

Treatment with Copper Sulphate

Treatment with Activated Carbon

CHAPTER 5 - CONVEYANCE & DISTRIBUTION OF WATER

Design of Distribution or Balancing Reservoir

Graphical approach

Mathematical approach

Types of Distribution Systems

Types of Pipes

Types of Valves

Types of Joints

Testing of Pipelines for leakages

Connections in Pipes

CHAPTER 6 - BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN WASTEWATER

Introduction to Wastewater Engineering

Meaning of Decay or Decomposition of Sewage

Aerobic Decomposition

Anaerobic Decomposition

Fundamental Basis of Treatment of Sewage

Terminologies

Catabolism and Anabolism

Endogenous Metabolism

Heterotrophs and Autotrophs

Chemotrophs and Phototrophs

Nutritional Requirement for Growth of Microorganisms

CHAPTER 7 - WASTEWATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

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 Physical Wastewater Characteristics

Turbidity (same as Part 1)

Odour (same as Part 1)

Taste (kindly don’t try that)

Colour (same as Part 1)

Temperature (same as Part 1)

Suspended Solids (same as Part 1)

Settleable Solids (yes, thats new!)

Chemical Wastewater Characterisitics

Dissolved Solids (same as Part 1)

pH

Dissolved Oxygen

Theoretical Oxygen Demand

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Total Organic Carbon

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Population Equivalent

Relative Stability

Biological Wastewater Characteristics (same as Part 1)

CHAPTER 8 - DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER

Introduction

Disposal in River

Self Puri cation Mechanism

Zones of Pollution in a River

Oxygen De cit of a Polluted Stream

Analysis of Oxygen Sag Curve

WQM in Lakes

Productivity of a lake

Eutrophication in lake

Strati cation in lake

Classi cation of lakes

Disposal in Sea/Ocean

Disposal on Land

Disposal Standards

CHAPTER 9 - WASTEWATER TREATMENT

General Process of Treatment of Sewage

General Guidelines for Treatment

Screening (same as in Part 1)

Grit Removal*

Scum Removal

Flow Equalization

Primary Sedimentation

Biological Units

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 Attached Growth Units

Trickling Filter

System Biology

Operation of TF

Types of TF

Design Parameters

E ciency of TF

Rotating Biological Contactor

Bio-tower

Suspended Growth Units

System Biology

Fundamental Basis of ASP

Flow Regime in ASP

Plug Flow

Completely mixed Flow

Analysis of ASP

Process Diagram

Terminologies and De nitions

Secondary Sedimentation

Design Data of PST and SST

Sludge Handling Process

Sludge Thickening

Sludge Digestion

Introduction

Factors A ecting Sludge Digestion

Stages in Sludge Digestion

Types of Sludge Digesters

Design Data

Minimum Energy Production during Sludge Digestion

Oxidation Pond

Septic Tank

Imho Tank

CHAPTER 10 - DESIGN OF SEWERS AND THE SEWERAGE

SYSTEM
Di erence between Distribution and Collection Systems

Types of Collection Systems

Maximum and Minimum Velocity in Sewers

Determination of Actual Flow Velocity

Hydraulic Characteristics of a Sewer

Self Cleansing Action in Sewers

Sewer Design
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