C01 HPCR (21ton) QSB Engine Concept p50

Common Rail(HPCR)
QSB Engine, Tier-3
Technical Training Center

-1- Technical Training Center
1. Engine Item Specification
Model(Cummins) QSB6.7(Tier-3)
Type In-line
Controller ECM
Harness connection & position Cyl. No. 6
Intake manifold
pressure/temper Firing order 1-5-3-6-2-4
Fuel rail pressure
ature sensor
sensor
Coolant temp.
Cyl. bore x stroke 104 x 132mm
sensor WIF
sensor, at Displacement 6,700cc
Barometric pre-
pressure filter(FS) Aspiration Turbo & CAC
sensor
Data-link
Rated power(Gross) 155HP at 1,900rpm
Speed & Peak torque 990Nm
position
sensor
Oil quantity 24ℓ
Oil pressure switch
Coolant quantity 10ℓ
Weight(wet) 475kg
Rated fuel 163.2g/ps.h at
consumption 1,900rpm

Improved performance
Increased
displacement
High pressure
High common rail
performance of fuel system
4 valve head
New ECM,
Tier2, 3 times
Automatic faster
tensionor, processer
adjusted fan
Rear
gear train
Optimized
position
New block,
low noise,
high strength
Front or rear
sump option

Integrated technique
Cummins
cylinder
head Cummins
HPCR,
Cummins turbo-tech Bosch design
co., wastegate
turbocharger
Cummins CM850
Motorola design,
Cummins Electronic control
starter & module
alternator
Cummins fleet
Cummins controller, guard, lubricate,
communication & fuel, coolant filters,
diagnostic software intake & exhaust
system

2. HPCR(High Pressure Common Rail) system
2.1 HPCR vs. mechanical pump
Injection pump, HPCR(QSB) Mechanical injection pump

2.2 Merit of HPCR fuel system
※ High Pressure Common Rail system
※ Simple pump for high pressure
※ Small and simple line for fuel supply to injectors
※ Improved reliability
- simple deign of pump, electronic injector
※ Improved cold cranking ability
- cranking time : 10→ 3sec.

V.C. HPCR(3min) - HL
2.3 Fuel system circuit

Circuit Description
The fuel pressure control loop relies on fuel pressure supplied to
the high-pressure pump by the lift pump and low-pressure gear
pump. The ECM monitors rail fuel pressure and engine operating
conditions and changes the flow command to maintain the
proper rail fuel pressure. Changes to the flow command result in
opening (or closing) of the fuel pump actuator to supply more (or
less) fuel to the high-pressure pump.
The fuel flow circuit includes, in the following order of fuel flow :
Fuel tank
- OEM fuel supply line
- OEM 300 micron filter
- ECM cooling plate
- Lift pump
- Fuel filter (7micron)
- Gear pump : 6~9bar, over-flow valve for fuel lubrication
- Fuel pump actuator
- High-pressure fuel pump
- Rail fuel (includes fuel pressure relief valve and pressure sensor)
- High-pressure fuel lines (300 ~ 1,600bar)
- High-pressure fuel connectors
- Injectors
- Return to tank. (1.3~2bar)
Component Location
The fuel pump is located at the rear of the engine, on the intake
side of the engine.

2.4 HPCR fuel charging system
Circuit Description
The electronic control module (ECM) monitors engine operating conditions, including the reading of rail fuel pressure,
and changes the flow command either to increase (OPEN the electronic fuel control actuator) or to decrease (CLOSE
the electronic fuel control actuator) the fuel supply to the high-pressure pump.
FAULT CODE 449 (ISB/QSB Industrial

Application)
Injector Metering Rail Pressure - Data
Valid But Above Normal Operating
Range - Most Severe Level
The fuel flow circuit includes, in the following order of fuel flow:
- Fuel tank
- OEM 300 micron filter
- ECM cooling plate
- Lift pump
- Fuel filter
- Gear pump
- Electronic fuel control actuator
- Fuel rail (includes rail pressure relief valve and
pressure sensor) ※ 300 ∼ 1,600Kg/㎠
- High-pressure fuel lines
- High-pressure fuel connectors (HPCs)
- Injectors
- Return to tank.
※ Out of range, fault code
- over ; 449, 553, 2216, - Incorrect ; 554
- below ; 2215, 2249, 559 occurrence

2.5 Electronic injectors
1) When solenoid is close ;

F1＜ F2, nozzle is close, P1 = P2, but A1 ＜ A2
2) When solenoid is open ;
F1＞ F2, nozzle is open, fuel is injected,
so P2= 0 Kg/㎠
armature
To return line
piston
From common rail
nozzle
- 10 - Technical Training Center

Injector Details
Fuel at high pressure is
conveyed to each injector
by its high pressure fuel
connector.
Injector Solenoid Leakage
Leakage fuel from the

match fits in the injector
HPC to Injector Leakage
and injector solenoid
travels through a drilling in
the cylinder head and exits
at the rear of the cylinder
head.
Match Fit Leakage
A damaged high pressure

fuel connector-to-injector
interface will result in
excessive drain flow from
the back of the cylinder
head.

* Photo of electronic injector
Injection
valve
(nozzle)
High pressure
fuel pipe

2.6 Data during engine cranking
EFC Commo Common Accel

DML time Feed pump Engine Fuel control Oil Boost
actuator n rail rail pressure pedal
stamp duty cycle speed condition pressure pressure
duty cycle pressure -target position
Unit % % RPM bar_A bar HEX kPa_G % kPa_G
00:31:56.106 0 0 0 -3 1,055 -0.09 0.0 -0.34
00:31:56.285 23 0.5 0 -2 1,055 -0.34 0.0 -0.34

Fuel supply stop
00:31:56.465 23 9 0 131 1,055 -0.09 0.0 -0.34
00:31:56.682 21 18 0 148 1,055 0.59 0.0 -0.38
00:31:56.865 21 29 158.4 138 312 0.78 0.0 -0.31
00:31:57.052 19 38 184.8 118 312 1.41 0.0 -0.34
00:31:57.227 19 47 228.5 85 312 1.59 0.0 -0.34
00:31:57.405 19 56 218.6 60 312 Fuel supply for 1.63 0.0 -0.09

crank
00:31:57.586 20 66 188 79 312 1.63 0.0 -0.34
00:31:57.768 20 74 173.1 71 312 1.63 0.0 -0.31
00:31:57.952 19 83 196.4 113 312 1.59 0.0 -0.38
00:31:58.126 19 92 251.9 156 312 1.63 0.0 -0.38
00:31:58.306 18 100 355.8 178 411 2.41 0.0 -1.03

fuel EFC
00:31:58.492 17 100 550.5 287 696 low(DERATE) 2.59 0.0 -1.09
00:31:58.668 18 100 690 631 656 2.75 0.0 -1.41
00:31:58.849 17 100 736.9 975 1,055 Fuel supply LSG 4.00 0.0 -1.09

2.7 Rpm & fuel pressure changing during cranking
bar rpm
Warming -up
rpm
Fuel rail pressure bar_

Fuel rail commanded pressure bar
Engine speed RPM
low rpm

bar rpm
Increased target pressure,

to recover the target(real)
rpm.
Warming-up
rpm
When real rpm is

idling higher than target
rpm, target pressure
is decreasing.

2.8 Fuel injection system
Injection volume and injection time are controlled by

ECM, depends on accel signal and load condition.
Injection
time
Injection point
Crankshaft speed sensor

2.9 Fuel pump

V.C. Fuel sys(24min) - HL
2.10 Fuel injection

3. Combustion?
3.1 Perfect combustion
1) Maximum condition for the perfect combustion
(1) Good optimization(combustion speed)
(2) Even distribution( expansion speed, flow of gas)
(3) No delay time of Ignition.
2) Combustion
diesel Air(oxygen + nitrogen)
CO2 + H2O + N2 + O2
NX + CH + CO + SO + PM
Natural main product Harmful product of chemical reaction

3.2 Characteristics of diesel combustion
Temperature 2,427 ℃
~1,327 ℃
677 ℃ 552 ℃
27℃
fuel Enough fuel/air

mixing Φ = 4
Warm air
Abundant combustion results NOx
CO2 &
CO, HC, & Particles
H2O
Combustion(chemical) reaction

3.3 Timing of perfect combustion
1) Maximum timing of perfect combustion

: ATDC 10 ∼ 15˚ Delayed
2) Combustion time
- ex. : 2,000rpm
- 33.3 rev./ 1 sec
- 0.03 sec / 1 rev.
- 0.00083 sec / 10˚ rev.
- 10˚ advanced : 0.0017 sec.
- Total combustion time : 0.010 ∼ 0.011 sec.

3.4 Timing & duty time

3.5 Comparison of swirl (vortex) & direct injection
Swirl chamber type Direct injection type
(1) Exhaust valve opened angle : 284˚ (1) Exhaust valve opened angle : 268˚
(2) Intake valve opened angle : 260˚ (2) Intake valve opened angle : 252˚

3.6 Injection type
Conventional Injection Pilot Injection
※ There is noise by peak vibration. ※ The effective pressure is increased

higher than the conventional injection.

4. Electric components
T-MAP Common rail
sensor fuel pressure
sensor
Camshaft
position/spe
ed sensor
Crankshaft Engine oil

position pressure
sensor switch

Barometric Coolant
pressure temp.
sensor sensor
Water Fuel pump ECM

sensor(WIF) actuator

5. Fault code
5.1 Fault code “559” & “2249”
1) Description : Fault Code 559 ; Fuel Pump Delivery Pressure Low - Data Valid but Below Normal
Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level
(100Kg/㎠).
Circuit Description
The fuel pressure control loop relies on fuel pressure supplied to the high-pressure pump by the lift pump and low-pressure pump.
The ECM monitors rail fuel pressure and engine operating conditions and changes the flow command to maintain the proper rail
fuel pressure.

2) Condition
ECM changes to the flow command result in opening
(or closing) of the electronic fuel control actuator to
supply more (or less) fuel to the high-pressure pump.
But real rail pressure is still lower (over 100bar) than
the target pressure.
3) Shop Talk
Causes of this fault code include the following:
- High inlet restriction
- Excessive air in fuel
- Loss of fuel prime during cranking
- Plugged fuel filter
- Low lift pump pressure
- Stuck or restricted electronic fuel control actuator
- System return (excessive return flow from the injector,
high-pressure pump, or rail pressure relief valve)
- Tampering.
4) Related fault code
CODE REASON EFFECT

553 Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range - None or possible engine noise associated
Moderately Severe Level. The ECM has detected that fuel with higher injection pressures (especially
pressure is higher than commanded pressure. at idle or light load). Engine power is
reduced.
2249 Data Valid but Below Normal Operational Range - Most Possibly hard to start, low power, or engine
Severe Level. The ECM has detected that fuel pressure is smoke.
lower than commanded pressure.

5) Possible cause
(1) Low fuel supply pressure
① Low fuel supply pressure

If fuel supply pressure is low, even if ECM opens
fuel pump actuator, to supply fuel to the fuel pump
is impossible.
② Measuring for fuel supply pressure
Engine condition Fuel supply pressure

Measuring point
At cranking 0.8 bar(11.6 psi)
High idling Min. 6.2bar(70psi)

(2) Injector leakage test (QSL)
Measures the over fuel leakage volume from injectors.
Leakage test
※ Maximum fuel leakage volume from injectors.
Engine condition Leakage volume

At cranking Below 100cc /30 sec.
At 1,500bar Below 300cc /45 sec.

(3) Leakage test of common rail fuel pressure (QSL)
Measures fuel leakage volume from

common rail.
Leakage test
※ Maximum fuel leakage volume of common rail
Engine condition Leakage volume

At idling Below 30 drops /min.

(4) Supply volume test of high pressure pump (QSL)
Measures fuel supply volume of high pressure pump.
Measuring of supply volume
※ Minimum supply volume of high pressure pump
Engine condition Fuel feed volume

At cranking Over 200cc/30 sec.

(5) Injector leakage from piston
: The leaked fuel from injectors is contained in the piston.
Very small
space at
TDC

5.2 Fault Code 449
Injector Metering Rail Pressure - Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range - Most Severe Level
1) Overview
2) Circuit Description
The ECM monitors engine-operating conditions, including
the reading of rail fuel pressure, and changes the flow
command to either increase (OPEN the electric fuel
control valve) or decrease (CLOSE the electric fuel
control valve) the fuel supply to the high-pressure pump.

3) Check point Rail fuel pressure sensor circuit
- Check the rail fuel pressure sensor.
- Check the operation of the low-pressure fuel system.
- Check for air in fuel. : Air present?
- Check for excessive lift pump fuel pressure. : Less
than 20 psi(1.4bar)?
- Check the fuel return drain line for excessive
restriction. : Less than 2.7 psi(0.19bar)?
- Check for leakage from the fuel rail pressure relief
valve. : Fuel return within specification?
※ Specification of common rail pressure sensor
Spec. Description
Signal voltage 0.44 ∼ 0.56VDC/key on
Resistance 10Ω, at barometric pressure
Fuel pressure range 300 ~ 1,600 bar
※ Shop Talk
Fault Code 449 is activated when the sensed rail fuel pressure reaches the opening pressure of the rail fuel pressure
relief valve. Sensed pressure has exceeded system target range.
An electric fuel control actuator with excessive leakage will result in high rail fuel pressures at idle or light load, and Fault Code
449 can possibly be logged. A restriction in the fuel-drain-to-tank return line can prevent unneeded fuel from exiting the high-
pressure fuel pump. This excess drain fuel can enter the pumping chamber and pressurize the rail. Check the fuel drain line
restriction. High resistance or an open circuit in the electric fuel control actuator can cause this fault to log (though Fault Codes
272 and 2311 will become active in these cases). Air in the fuel can result in pressure changes that would cause this fault to log
very high. High lift pump delivery pressure could cause this fault to log, as could tampering with the rail fuel pressure sensor.

4) Graph of pressure changing
ECM has detected that fuel pressure in the rail fuel is higher(over 100bar) than the commanded pressure.

5.3 Fault Code 268, 554
1) Overview
The fuel pressure sensor contains supply, signal, and return pins. The
ECM provides +5 VDC to the fuel pressure sensor. This +5 VDC power
supply is a shared supply. Other sensors on this circuit are the intake
manifold pressure sensor, backup engine position sensor.
3) Shop Talk
This fault code can become active any time the engine is loaded and the ECM detects that fuel pressure in the rail fuel
is not changing. This fault code will become inactive whenever the ECM is powered down or if the ECM detects that the engine
is loaded and the fuel pressure is changing normally. If there are many inactive counts of this fault code or if the fault is not
repeatable, look for signs of tampering to the fuel pressure sensor circuit. If the fault code occurs intermittently (can not be
reproduced during a road test), then inspect each of the following for poor connections or damage: Intake manifold pressure
sensor , Backup engine position sensor, Fuel pressure sensor.
4) Related fault code
Fault code Description Signal
451 1) Injector Metering Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit - Voltage Above Normal or Shorted Over 5.3Volt
to High Source. (4.75 ∼ 5.25V)
2) High signal voltage detected at rail fuel pressure sensor circuit.
452 - Low signal voltage detected at the rail fuel pressure sensor circuit. Below 4.70V

5.4 Fault Code 2215/2216
1) Overview
The fuel pressure control loop relies on fuel pressure supplied to the high-pressure pump by the lift pump and low-
pressure gear pump. The ECM monitors rail fuel pressure and engine operating conditions and changes the flow
command to maintain the proper rail fuel pressure. Changes to the flow command result in opening (or closing) of the fuel
pump actuator to supply more (or less) fuel to the high-pressure pump.
The fuel flow circuit includes, in the following order of fuel flow:
- Fuel tank
- OEM filter
- ECM cooling plate(QSB-by air)
- Lift pump
- Fuel filter
- Gear pump
- Fuel pump actuator
- Rail fuel (includes fuel pressure relief valve and pressure sensor)
- High-pressure fuel lines
- High-pressure fuel connectors
- Injectors
- Return to tank.

3) Condition
Fault Code 2215 logs when measured rail fuel pressure remains at least 10 MPa [1450 psi, 100bar] less than
commanded rail fuel pressure.
Once detected, Fault Code 2215 will remain active until the engine is turned off or until the measured rail fuel pressure
matches the commanded rail fuel pressure. When a condition exists that causes Fault Code 2215 to become active, it is
typical for the fault code to become active when the engine is heavily loaded and become inactive when the engine is lightly
loaded.
Fault Code 2292 sets when the ECM commands the fuel pump actuator to open more than expected to maintain rail pressure.
4) Possible cause
- Low fuel suction pressure

(100bar)
5) Shop Talk
When Fault Code 2215 occurs, the fuel system has lost its ability
to maintain rail fuel pressure. Causes of this fault can include:
- Fuel inlet restrictions
- Fuel filter plugging (below 5psi)
- Excessive air in the fuel
- Loss of prime during cranking
- Low fuel lift pump pressure (automotive/marine engines)
- Stuck or restricted electronic fuel control actuator
- System return (excessive return flow from the injectors, high-
pressure pump, or rail pressure relief valve)
- Tampering.

5.5 Fault Code 2293/(2292)
1) Overview
The electronic control module (ECM) monitors engine-operating conditions, including the reading of rail fuel pressure,
and changes the flow command to either increase (OPEN the electronic fuel control actuator) or decrease (CLOSE the
electronic fuel control actuator) the fuel supply to the high-pressure pump.
3) Shop Talk
Fault Code 2293 is activated when the electronic fuel control actuator is closed more than expected to lower rail fuel
pressure.
An electric fuel control actuator with excessive leakage can possibly result in high rail fuel pressures at idle or light load. A
restriction in the fuel-drain-to-tank return line can prevent unneeded fuel from exiting the high-pressure fuel pump. This excess
drain fuel can enter the pumping chamber and pressurize the rail. Check the fuel drain line restriction. High resistance or an open
circuit in the electric fuel control actuator can cause this fault to log. Air in the fuel can result in pressure changes that would
cause this fault to log. High lift pump delivery pressure could cause this fault to log, as could tampering with the rail fuel pressure
sensor.
Once the repair has been made, this fault code will require approximately 15 to 20 minutes of road test or dynamometer run to be
set inactive.
※Fault Code 2292 : Fuel Inlet Meter Device - Data Valid but Above Normal Operational Range -
Moderately Severe Level. The flow demand is higher than expected
4) Possible cause
Condition Current of actuator Cause
ECM changes the flow command to increase [OPEN 1) Below normal operational
Fuel inlet meter device flow range .
the electronic fuel control actuator(current is
demand lower than expected.
increased)] the fuel supply to the high-pressure pump. 2) Over leakage at actuator
5) Conclusion
- Current of actuator is lower than normal

current values at required rpm, so ECM
detects low current.
Below
normal
operational
range
Current

5) Circuit Description of actuator
The circuit is a pulse width modulated (PWM)
driver in the Electronic Control Module (ECM) that
controls the electronic fuel control actuator.
The actuator is grounded in the ECM. The actuator is a
normally open. Pulse width modulation (PWM) duty
cycle to the electronic fuel control actuator depends on
the difference between desired rail pressure and
sensed rail pressure. Duty cycle will also decrease
(electronic fuel control actuator opens) as fueling
increases.
6) Related fault codes with actuator
Fault Code Description Remarks

High Fuel Pressure Solenoid Valve Circuit - Voltage Below Normal or
271 Over current, short
Shorted to Low Source. Electronic fuel control actuator shorted low.
272 Shorted to High Source. Electronic fuel control actuator shorted high. disconnected
Fueling Actuator Number Circuit Error Conditions Exists. Fuel pump
2311 2 ~ 4.5Ω
actuator circuit resistance too high or too low.

6. Trouble Shooting
6.1 Engine Rpm Drop
1/2
Model R320LC-7 Serial 1817 Hrs 1459 Hours
Customer Delta Company
Problem
(1) Problem
a. Rpm Drop when Boom, Arm, Bucket is relief position
(400rpm drop)
b. Machine was sunken in Swampy area
Air-Cleaner was blocked

completely with a lot of
(2) Action Taken dust
a. Wash out the machine completely
Full of a lot of swampy
materials
b. Check the Intake-system
- Turbocharger, Rubber Hose and Clamp condition : Normal
- Air-Cleaner Condition: Contaminated with a lot of dust
- Charged Air Cooler : Contaminated with a lot of dust
d. Check EPPR Pressure : Pressure increase to 28 bar when Rpm Drop

2/2
(3) Suspected Cause

a. Low Intake Air Pressure
(4) How to repair

a. Air-Cleaner Ass’y Replaced
b. Cleaned completely CAC.
c. After cleaning, Test engine again
: Test Result (Boom, Arm, Bucket Relief)
1980 rpm → (Relief) → 1850 rpm : Normal
d. Teach Operator how to maintain engine, Air-cleaner and CAC
Charged Air-Cooler
A lot of dust

6.2 R360LC-7A Black Smoke
1/2
Model R360LC-7A Serial 238 Hrs 5461 Hours
Customer Ikh Alt LLC co.
Problem Black Smoke
(1) Problem
: Black Smoke is coming out
(Attachment is at relief position)
(2) Machine Repair History

a. Replaced Injection Pumps(2 EA)
Replaced
b. Replaced Injectors (5EA) Injectors
→ Replaced above parts without proper diagnosis
Replaced Fuel
Pumps

(3) Action 2/2
a. Check the engine with Insite Tool (Error code) : 325 (Inactive)
b. Data Monitoring with Insite Tool (Bucket Relief Position)

: Intake Pressure Value is under spec.
[Spec : 140.9KPa(1.4bar), Actual: 103.9Kpa(1.04bar)]
c. Check the Intake system
- Air-Cleaner, Turbo-charger, Rubber-Hose
: Normal
- Charged Air Cooler
: Find out the Crack (15cm)
Crack

3) HL770-7A Hard Starting
1/4
Model HL770-7A Serial 165 Hrs 4982 Hours
Customer Bahria Town
Problem
(1)Problem
- Hard Starting
(2) Action Taken

- Insite Tool : No Active Error code
History Error code : 428 (2915 times), 418(397 times)
- Fuel Filter & Common Rail Relief Valve was replaced.
- Fuel Leakage Test
- High Pressure Fuel Pump Check Valve (High Pressure)
was replaced.
HL770-7A

2/4
※ Detail Taken Action Information (1/2)
No. Action Taken Result Remark
Check the Error

1 No Active Error code
Code (Insite)
Common-Rail Pressure Common-Rail Pressure :

2 Hard Starting
(Insite) Max.19bar (Cranking)
Replaced Fuel Filter &
Common-Rail Pressure:
3 Common-Rail Pressure Hard Starting
Max. 14bar (Cranking)
Sensor
Damaged O-Ring and Scratch → Re-Check the Pressure :
4 Check the EFC Condition
Replaced New EFC Max.12bar (Cranking)
Check the Gear Pump Gear Pump Pressure

5 Spec.: Min 10 psi
Pressure : Above 10 psi
Fuel Pump
143cc / 30sec Below 200cc / 30sec
(Breather)
Leakage Injector 49cc / 30sec Below 100cc / 30sec
Test
6 Test Outlet of Spec.
Result 125cc / 30sec Above 200cc / 30sec
(Cranking) Fuel Pump
Relief
62cc / 1min Below 30 drop / 1 min
Valve

3/4
※ Detail Taken Action Information (2/2)
Num Action Taken Result Remark
Replaced Relief Common-Rail Pressure :

7 Valve(Common-Rail) Hard Starting
and Check the Pressure Max. 12bar (Cranking)
Checking the Damaged Check-Valve Seat

8 Check –Valve Condition → Replaced Check Valve and Starting
(High Pressure) Cranking
Teach the exact cause

9
of hard starting
- Plunger was damaged by a lot of
water in fuel (hard to lubricate)
(Damaged Water Separator)

※ Related Evidences 4/4
Damaged O-Ring
and Scratch
O-Ring
Damaged
Damaged EFC
High Pressure Pump Outlet of Fuel Pump,

Leakage Test Injector Leakage Test Supply Test Relief valve Leakage Test
Damaged
Check Valve
Thank you!

C01 HPCR (21ton) QSB Engine Concept p50

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Common Rail(HPCR)

QSB Engine, Tier-3

Technical Training Center

-2- Technical Training Center

-3- Technical Training Center

-4- Technical Training Center

2.1 HPCR vs. mechanical pump

Injection pump, HPCR(QSB) Mechanical injection pump

-5- Technical Training Center

-6- Technical Training Center

-7- Technical Training Center

-8- Technical Training Center

FAULT CODE 449 (ISB/QSB Industrial

-9- Technical Training Center

1) When solenoid is close ;

From common rail

- 10 - Technical Training Center

Leakage fuel from the

A damaged high pressure

- 11 - Technical Training Center

- 12 - Technical Training Center

EFC Commo Common Accel

Unit % % RPM bar_A bar HEX kPa_G % kPa_G

00:31:56.106 0 0 0 -3 1,055 -0.09 0.0 -0.34

00:31:56.285 23 0.5 0 -2 1,055 -0.34 0.0 -0.34

00:31:56.682 21 18 0 148 1,055 0.59 0.0 -0.38

00:31:56.865 21 29 158.4 138 312 0.78 0.0 -0.31

00:31:57.052 19 38 184.8 118 312 1.41 0.0 -0.34

00:31:57.227 19 47 228.5 85 312 1.59 0.0 -0.34

00:31:57.405 19 56 218.6 60 312 Fuel supply for 1.63 0.0 -0.09

00:31:57.768 20 74 173.1 71 312 1.63 0.0 -0.31

00:31:57.952 19 83 196.4 113 312 1.59 0.0 -0.38

00:31:58.126 19 92 251.9 156 312 1.63 0.0 -0.38

00:31:58.306 18 100 355.8 178 411 2.41 0.0 -1.03

00:31:58.668 18 100 690 631 656 2.75 0.0 -1.41

- 13 - Technical Training Center

Fuel rail pressure bar_

- 14 - Technical Training Center

Increased target pressure,

When real rpm is

- 15 - Technical Training Center

Injection volume and injection time are controlled by

Crankshaft speed sensor

- 16 - Technical Training Center

- 17 - Technical Training Center

2.10 Fuel injection

- 18 - Technical Training Center

diesel Air(oxygen + nitrogen)

Natural main product Harmful product of chemical reaction

- 19 - Technical Training Center

fuel Enough fuel/air

- 20 - Technical Training Center

1) Maximum timing of perfect combustion

- 21 - Technical Training Center

- 22 - Technical Training Center

Swirl chamber type Direct injection type

- 23 - Technical Training Center

Conventional Injection Pilot Injection

※ There is noise by peak vibration. ※ The effective pressure is increased

- 24 - Technical Training Center

Crankshaft Engine oil

- 25 - Technical Training Center

Water Fuel pump ECM