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Territorial waters
Contiguous Zone
Continetal Shelf
Territorial waters extends upto 12 Nautical miles from the base line.
This part of the sea is owned by the country. They have all the rights
in this area as they would on the land.
Customs
Taxation
Immigration and
Pollution
This means that a country has the right in these areas to prevent
activities related to these four matters.
EEZ is extended upto 200 Nautical Miles from the baseline. In the
EEZ, the country has only one right. That is "Exploitation of Natural
resources".
Which means that even though the country do not own this part of
the sea, each country owns the natural resources upto EEZ.
The perfect example of this is Gulf of Mexico which lies in the EEZ
zone of US. If you have been to this area, you would see lot of rigs
extracting oil & other natural resources.