v=arctg ( xy + yz + zx ) , M 0 ( 5 ;3 ;−1 )

'
{
v'x =( arctg ( xy+ yz+ zx )) x = ( arctg u ) =
'
2
1
u +1
∙ u' =
}1
2
( xy + yz + zx ) +1
∙ ( xy+ yz+ zx )x = {( f + g ) =f ' +g ' }=
' ' 1
( xy + yz + zx )2+1

'
{
v'y =( arctg ( xy + yz + zx ) ) y = ( arctg u ) =
' 1
2
u +1
∙u ' =
}1
2
( xy + yz + zx ) +1
∙ ( xy + yz + zx ) y = {( f + g ) =f ' + g' }=
' ' 1
( xy + yz + zx )2 +

'
{
v z= ( arctg ( xy + yz + zx ) ) z= ( arctg u ) =
' '
2
1
u +1
'
∙u = }
1
2
( xy + yz + zx ) +1
∙ ( xy + yz+ zx ) z= {( f + g ) =f + g }=
' ' ' ' 1
( xy + yz + zx )2+ 1

' '
v x ( M 0 ) =v x ( 5 ;3 ;−1 )=
(( y+z
2
xy + yz + zx ) + 1 )|
( x; y; z ) = ( 5 ;3 ;−1)
=
3+ (−1 )
( 5 ∙ 3+3 ∙ (−1 ) + (−1 ) ∙5 ) +1
2
=
3−1
2
2
= =
1
( 15−3−5 ) +1 50 25

v'y ( M 0 ) =v 'y ( 5 ;3;−1 )=

(( x+ z
2
xy + yz + zx ) +1 )| ( x ; y ; z) = ( 5 ;3 ;−1 )
=
5−1 2
50
=
25

v'z ( M 0 )=v 'z ( 5 ; 3 ;−1 ) =

( y+x
( xy+ yz+ zx )2+1 )|
( x; y; z ) =( 5 ;3 ;−1)
=
3+5 4
=
50 25

∂u ∂u ∂u
du= dx+ dy + dz
∂x ∂y ∂z

d v =v 'x ( M 0 ) dx +v 'y ( M 0 ) dy +v 'z ( M 0 ) dz=

∂u
∂x | ( x ; y ; z )= ( 5; 3;−1)
dx+
∂u
∂y |
( x ; y ; z) = ( 5 ;3 ; −1 )
dy + |
∂u
∂z ( x; y; z )= ( 5; 3;−1)
dz=
1
25
2
dx + d
25

() ( )
x ' '
1 1 '
= ∙ x = (x )
y x y x y x

( xy ) =( 1y ∙ x ) =x ( y
' '
) = {( y n ) =n y n−1 }=x ∙ (−1 ) y−1−1=−x ∙ y−2= −x2
−1 ' '
y
y y y
() ( )
'' '
x −x 2x
=− ( x y ) y =−x ( y ) y ={ ( y ) =n y }=−x (−2 ) y
−2 ' −2 ' n ' n−1 −2−1 −3
= 2
=2 x ∙ y = 3
y yy y y y

x 2 sin z +3 z y 3 +8 xyz=4
Extremele funcției
3 2
z= y + x y −3 xy
Stabilim punctele critice, pentru aceasta vom rezolva sistemul

{
∂z
=0
∂x
∂z
=0
∂y

{ }
( c ∙ f )' =c ( f )'
∂z '
=( y + x y−3 xy )x ={ ( f ± g ) =f ± g }=[ ( y )x + ( x y ) x −( 3 x y )x ]= c =0
3 2 ' ' ' ' 3 ' 2 ' '
=0+ y ∙2 ∙ x−3 y ∙ 1=2 xy−3 y
∂x '
x =1
'
( x n ) =n x n−1

{ }
( c ∙ f )' =c ( f )'
∂z c' =0
= ( y + x y−3 xy ) y ={ ( f ± g ) =f ± g }=[ ( y ) y + ( x y ) y −( 3 x y ) y ] =
3 2 ' ' ' ' 3 ' 2 ' ' 3−1 2 ' ' 2
=3 y + x ( y ) y −3 x ( y ) y =3 y +
∂y '
y =1
n '
( y ) =n ∙ y n−1

[{
{x −3y=0x=
{ [ {
2

{
∂z y=0
∂x
=0
⟺
{
2 xy −3 y=0
⟺
{
y ( 2 x−3 )=0
⟺
y=0
2 x−3=0 ⟺ [
3 y + x 2−3 x=0
2
⟺ x=
3

{
2 2
∂z 3 y + x −3 x=0 3 y 2
+ x 2
−3 x=0 2 x−3=0 2
=0 2 2
3 y + x −3 x=0
∂y
()
2 2 2
3 y + x −3 x=0 2 3
3y + −3
2

M 1(0 ; 0 ), M 2(3 ; 0 ), M 3 ( 32 ;− √23 ) , M ( 32 ; √23 )

4

2
∆=z 'x' ∙ z 'y' −( z 'xy' )
2 2

Calculăm derivatele parțiale de ordinal doi:

∂z
=2 xy−3 y
∂x
∂z
=3 y 2 + x 2−3 x
∂y

{ }
( c ∙ f )' =c ( f )'
z =( z ) =( 2 xy −3 y ) = {( f ± g ) =f ± g }=( 2 x y ) − ( 3 y ) =
'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
x
2
x x x
'
c =0 =2 y ( x )x −0=2 y
x x
'
x =1
' ' ' '
z ''y =( z 'y ) y =( 3 y 2 + x 2−3 x ) y =( 3 y 2 ) y + ( x 2 ) y −( 3 x )'y =3 ∙ 2 y + 0−0=6 y
2

'
z ''xy =( z 'x ) y =( 2 xy−3 y )'y =( 2 x y ) y −( 3 y ) y =2 x ( y ) y −3 ( y ) y =2 x ∙ 1−3 ∙ 1=2 x −3
' ' ' '

Pentru fiecare punct calculăm ∆ .

M 1 ( 0 ;0 )

z ''x =2 y , z ''y =6 y , z ''xy =2 x −3

2 2

z 'x' |M =z ''x ( 0 ; 0 )=2 ∙0 =0

2 2
1

z y |M =z y ( 0 ; 0 )=6 ∙0=0
'' ''
2 2
1

z xy|M =z xy ( 0 ; 0 )=2∙ 0−3=−3

'' ''
1

2
∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z'xy' |M ) =0∙ 0−(−3 )2=−9<0
2 2
1
1 1

În punctul M 1 nu avem extrem.

M 2(3 ; 0 )
'' ''
z x =2 y , z y =6 y , z ''xy =2 x −3
2 2

z 'x' |M =z ''x ( 3 ; 0 )=2 ∙0 =0

2 2
2

z 'y' |M = z'y' ( 3 ; 0 )=6 ∙ 0=0

2 2
2

z 'xy' |M =z 'xy' ( 3 ; 0 ) =2∙ 3−3=3

2

∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z'xy' |M ) =0∙ 0−32=−9<0

2
2 2
2 2 2

În punctul M 2 nu avem extrem.

M3 ( 32 ;− √23 )
'' ''
z x =2 y , z y =6 y , z ''xy =2 x −3
2 2
 2
( 32 ;− √23 )=2 ∙(−2√3 )=−√ 3<0
z 'x' |M =z ''x
3
2

z | =z ( ;− )=6 ∙ (
2 )
''
2
3 √3 ''
2
− √3
=−3 √ 3
y M3
2 2 y

z | =z ( ;− ) =2∙ −3=0
'' 3 √3 '' 3
xy M 3 xy
2 2 2

∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z ''xy|M ) =−√3 ∙ (−3 √ 3 )−02=9> 0

2
2 2
3 3 3

Punctul M 3 este punct de maxim.

M4 ( 32 ; √23 )
'' ''
z x =2 y , z y =6 y , z ''xy =2 x −3
2 2

2
( 32 ; √23 )=2 ∙( √23 )= √3> 0
z x |M =z x
''
4
''
2

z | =z ( ; √ )=6 ∙ ( √ )=3 √ 3
'' 3 3 '' 3
2 2
y M4
2 2 y
2

z | =z ( ; )=2 ∙ −3=0
'' 3 √3 '' 3
xy M 4 xy
2 2 2

∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z ''xy|M ) =√ 3 ∙ ( 3 √ 3 )−0 2=9>0 .

2
2 2
3 3 3

Punctul M 4 este punct de minim.

{ }
'
( eu ) =eu ∙u '
∂z
=( e ∙ ( 3 x − y ) ) ={( f ∙ g ) =f g+ f g }=( e )x ( 3 x − y ) + e ( 3 x − y ) x = ( f ± g )' =f ' ± g' =e ( x− y
x− y 2 2 '
' ' ' x− y ' 2 2 x− y 2 2 ' x− y
x
∂x '
( x n ) =n x n−1

{ }
u '
∂z
=( e ∙ ( 3 x − y ) ) y ={( f ∙ g ) =f g+ f g }=( e ) y ( 3 x − y ) + e ( 3 x − y ) y = ( e ) =e
u '
x− y 2 2 ' ' ' ' x− y ' 2 2 x− y 2 2 ' u =e x− y ( x−
∂y '
( f ± g ) =f ± g'
'
Stabilim punctele staționare, pentru aceasta vom rezolva sistemul

{
∂z
=0
∂x
∂z
=0
∂y

{ {
∂ z x− y
=e ( 3 x2 − y 2+ 6 x ) =0 2 2

{
3 x − y =−
{ {
2 2 2 2
∂x ⟺ 3 x − y +6 x=0 2 2
⟺ 3 x − y =−6 x ⟺ 3 x − y =−6 x ⟺ 1
∂z
=e
x− y
( 2 2
)
−3 x + y −2 y =0 − ( 3 x 2
− y 2
) −2 y=0 − ( −6 x ) −2 y =0 6 x−2 y=0 x= y
3
∂y

{ { { { ( )
1 2 2 1 2 2 −2 2 −1
3 2
y − y =−2 y y − y =−2 y y + 2 y =0 2y y+ 1 =0
3 ⟺ 3 ⟺ 3 ⟺ 3
1 1 1 1
x= y x= y x= y x= y
3 3 3 3

[{ {
y =0

{[ [ [
y=0 1
−1
3
y +1=0
⟺ −1
y=0
⟺ =0 ⟺
x
x= y
3 { {x=0
y=0

x= y
1
3
3
y +1=0
1
y=3
x=1 { {x=1
y=3
x= y
3

M 1(0 ; 0 ), M 2 (1 ; 3)

{ }
'
2
'
z ''x =( z 'x ) x =( e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2 +6 x ) ) x ={( f ∙ g ) =f ' g+ f g ' }=( e x− y ) x ( 3 x 2− y 2 +6 x ) +e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2+ 6 x ) x =
' ' ' ' ( e u ) =e u ∙ u' =
' ' '
( f ± g ) =f ± g

{
'
2
'
z 'y' =( z 'y ) y =( e x− y (−3 x 2 + y 2−2 y ) ) y ={( f ∙ g ) =f ' g+ f g ' }=( e x− y ) y (−3 x 2 + y 2−2 y ) +e x− y (−3 x2 + y 2−2 y ) y =
' ' ' ' ( e u ) =e
'
(f ±g)=
'
z 'xy' =( z 'x ) y=

{ }
'
( 3 x 2− y 2 +6 x ) ) y ={( f ∙ g )' =f ' g+ f g ' }=( e x− y ) y ( 3 x 2− y 2 +6 x ) +e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2+6 x ) y = ( e ) =e
u u '
(e x− y ' ' '
u =e x− y ( x−
' ' '
( f ± g ) =f ± g

M 1 ( 0 ;0 )

z ''x =e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2 +12 x +6 )
2

z 'x' |M =e 0−0 ( 3 ∙ 02−02+ 12∙ 0+6 )=6

2
1
z ''y =e x− y (−3 x 2+ y 2−2 )
2

z 'y' |M =e0 −0 (−3 ∙ 02 +02−2 )=−2

2
1

z ''xy =e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2+6 x−2 y )

z 'xy' |M =e 0−0 ( 3 ∙0 2−02 +6 ∙ 0−2∙ 0 ) =0

1

∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z'xy' |M ) =6 ∙ (−2 )−02=−12<0

2
2 2
1 1 1

Punctul M 1 nu este punct extrem.

M 2 ( 1 ;3 )
''
z x =e2
x− y
( 3 x 2− y 2 +12 x +6 )
12
z 'x' |M =e 1−3 ( 3 ∙12 −32 +12∙ 1+6 ) =e−2 ∙ 12=
2
2
>0
1
e
''
z y =e2
x− y
(−3 x 2+ y 2−2 )
4
z 'y' |M =e1−3 (−3 ∙12 +32 −2 )=e−2 ∙ 4=
2
2
1
e

z ''xy =e x− y ( 3 x 2− y 2+6 x−2 y )

z xy|M =e
'' 1−3
( 3∙ 12−32 +6 ∙ 1−2 ∙3 )=e−2 ∙ (−6 )= −62
1
e

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
12 4 −6 1 1
∆= z 'x' |M ∙ z 'y' |M −( z'xy' |M ) =
2
2 2
2
∙ 2 − 2 = 2 ( 12∙ 4−36 )=12 2 > 0
1 1 1
e e e e e

În punctul M 2 ( 1 ; 3 ) avem minim local.

 −1
u=( x + y −z )
4 3 2 2

( ) = {( u ) =n ∙u
−1 ' −1 −3
−1 4 3 2 −1 4 3 2
[ ]
−1
u }=
n ' 2 ' 4 ' 3 ' 2 '
u = ( x + y −z ) ( x + y −z ) ∙ ( x + y −z ) = ( x + y −z ) ∙ ( x ) x + ( y )x − ( z ) x
' 4 3 2 2 n−1 ' 2 4 3 2
x x x
2 2

yz+1 zx +2 xy +3
u=x +y −z

{ }
'
) ={( f ± g )' = ( f )' ± ( g )' }= ( x yz+ 1) x + ( y zx+2 ) x −( z x y+3 ) x = ( u ) =n∙
n n−1 '
u x =( x
' yz+1
+y
zx +2
−z
xy+3 ' ' ' ' u u = ( yz +1 ) x yz +1−1+ y zx +2 ln
x '
( au ) =au lna u'
 2 4 3
2 x −2 y +8 z
u=e

u'x =( e 2 x −2 y + 8 z ) x ={ ( eu ) =e u ∙ u' }=e2 x −2 y ( 2 x 2−2 y 4 +8 z 3 )x =e2 x −2 y +8 z [ ( 2 x 2 )x −( 2 y 4 ) x + ( 8 z 3 ) x ]=e2 x −2 y + 8 z [ 2∙ 2 x

2 4 3 ' ' 2 4
+8 z
3 ' 2 4 3 ' ' ' 2 4 3

1 1
λ2 4 ( )
+1 =5

1 5
=5
λ 4
2

1 1
=1
λ2 4
2
4 λ =1
2 1
λ=
4

λ=±
√ 1
4