The Police Radio

Communication

In Partial fulfillment of
LEA 3

Submitted by:
VILLALBA, NELJHON M.

INTRODUCTION
The vast majority of economically developed countries police services have access to such
equipment; also, in most countries, Police Cars have sets which are designed to receive calls
from the control room, and respond. Also, small personal radios exist that allow each officer to
carry one easily, as well as a large central room at the Police Station which directs personnel to
the location of emergency incidents. Portable police radios first appeared within the British
Police in 1969.

The Philippine National Police - Communications and Electronic Service (PNP-CES) trace its
humble beginnings at the turn of 20 th century from the American Expedition force. It played a
very vital role in the gaining of the Philippines Independence and the maintenance of the peace
and order in the country various eras. Originally, it was known as the “SIGNAL CORPS” which
contributed in the success of all military operations and in the development of the
communications systems and facilities of the police force. The accomplishments by the Signal
Corps is apt for to the adage that “The Signal Corps does not claim to have won any war but no
major has even been won without the Signal Corps”

Objectives:
At the end of the presentation the students will be able to:
a. To define the Police Radio Communication;
b. To differentiate the 2 components of a typical radio communication
system;
c. Enumerate the essential components of a radio receiver.

BODY
 POLICE RADIO COMMUNICATION

- Radio is the system of communication employing electromagnetic waves propagated through

space. Because of their varying characteristics, radio waves of different lengths are used for
different purposes and are usually identified by their frequency.

1. The shortest waves have the highest frequency, or fewest cycles per second.

2. The longest waves have the lowest frequency, or fewest cycles per second.

A.RADIO WAVES

Radio waves range from few kilohertz to several gigahertz. Waves of visible light are much shorter. In
vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at a uniform speed of about 300,000 km (about 186,000 mi)
per second.

Radio Frequency Designation Abbr. Wavelength

3-30 kHz Very low frequency VLF 100,000-10,000 m
30-300 kHz Low frequency LF 10,000-1,000 m
3000-3,000 kHz Medium Frequency MF 1,000-100 m
3-30 MHz High frequency (short wave) HF 100-1 m
30-3000 MHz Very High frequency VHF 10-1 m
300-3,000 MHz Ultrahigh frequency UHF 1 m−10 cm
3-30 GHz Super high frequency SHF 10-1 cm
30-300 GHz Extremely high frequency EHF 1 cm-1 mm

kHz= 1 kilohertz = 1,000 Hz

MHz= 1 megahertz = 1,000 kHz
GHz= 1 gigahertz = 1,000 MHz
A typical radio communication system has 2 main components:

Transmitter - generates electrical oscillations at a radio frequency called the carrier frequency.

Frequency - produces more than one pair of sidebands for each modulation frequency.

B. RADIO TRANSMITTER

1. An oscillation generator for converting commercial electric power into oscillations of

a predetermined radio frequency;
2. Amplifiers for increasing the intensity of these oscillations while retaining the desired
frequency; and
3. A transducer for converting the information to be transmitted into a varying electrical
voltage proportional to each successive instantaneous intensity. For sound transmission,
a microphone is the transducer; for picture transmission the transducer is a photoelectric
device.

Radio Modulators

- uses these proportionate voltages to control the variations in the oscillation intensity or the
instantaneous frequency of the carrier, and the antenna, which radiates a similarly modulated
carrier wave.
Modulation of the carrier wave so that it may carry impulses is performed either at low level or
high level. In the former case the audio frequency signal from the microphone, with little or no
amplification, is used to modulate the output of the oscillator, and the modulated carrier
frequency is then amplified before it is passed to the antenna.

Radio Antennas

The antenna of a transmitter need not be close to the transmitter itself.

C. RADIO RECEIVER- The essential components of a radio receiver are:

1. An antenna for receiving the electromagnetic waves and converting them into electrical
oscillations;
2. Amplifiers for increasing the intensity of these oscillations;
3. Demodulator or detection equipment for demodulating;
4. A speaker for converting the impulses into sound waves audible by the human ear (and in
television a picture tube for converting the signal into visible light waves); and
5. In most radio receivers , oscillators to generate radio-frequency waves that can “mixed” with
the incoming waves.

The incoming signal from the antenna, consisting of a radio-frequency carrier oscillation
modulated by an audio-frequency carrier oscillation modulated by an audio-frequency or video-
frequency signal containing the impulses, is generally very weak. The sensitivity of some
modern radio receivers is so great that if the antenna signal can produce an alternating current
involving the motion of only a few hundred electrons, this signal can be detected and amplified
to produce an intelligible sound from the speaker.

Most modern radio receivers are of the super heterodyne type in which an oscillator generates a
radio-frequency wave that is mixed with the incoming wave, thereby producing a radio-
frequency wave of lower frequency; the latter is called intermediate frequency. To tune the
receiver to different frequencies, the frequency of oscillations is changed, but the intermediate
frequency always remains the same (at 455 kHz for most AM receivers and at 10.7 MHz for
most FM receivers). The oscillator is tuned by altering the capacity of the capacitor in its tank
circuit; the antenna circuit is similarly tuned by a capacitor in its circuit.

D. THE COMMUNICATIONS AND COMMAND CENTER

Most police communication centers operate in a two-stage manual process. The

following is the SOP when a call is made to the police department:

1. The officer at a complaint desk position, first determines the need for police action, and then
records the details on a card.
2. The card is then routed to dispatch console where the operator has control of one or more
radio channels.

a. In the smaller organizations, this usually accomplished by handing the card from one
person to another.
b. In larger departments it is customary to use a conveyer belt system between the two
positions.
3. The operator at the dispatch console then establishes radio contact with the patrol unit and
relays the details of the complaint.
4. The dispatcher also has the duty of maintaining a record of the status of the police vehicles
under his control. If information is needed from the records division or from some computer
source, the operator must then phone for this information.

CONCLUSION

All of these are about the Police Radio Communication. From the radio waves, transmitter,
frequency, radio modulators, radio antennas, radio receiver to the communications and
command center. This is very important to all the police because every details and information
can be pass to the office by the help of this radio communication.
REFERENCE