Formula Sheet

Version 1.0-26.01.22

Module 1 Integration Techniques

Integration By Parts
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Derivatives of some trigonometric functions

𝑑
1) (sin 𝑥 ) = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
2) 𝑑𝑥 (cos 𝑥 ) = −sin 𝑥
𝑑
3) 𝑑𝑥 (tan 𝑥) = sec2 𝑥
𝑑
4) 𝑑𝑥 (cot 𝑥) = − csc2 𝑥
𝑑
5) 𝑑𝑥 (sec 𝑥 ) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝑑
6) 𝑑𝑥 (csc 𝑥 ) = −csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
8) If 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥, then 𝑑𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 1
9) If 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥, then =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

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Derivatives of some trigonometric functions
𝑑𝑦 1
10) If 𝑦 = ln(𝑎𝑥), then =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑛
11) If 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 𝑛 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑛(ln 𝑥)𝑛−1
12) If 𝑦 = (ln 𝑥 )𝑛 , then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑎
13) If 𝑦 = ln(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏), then =
𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥+𝑏

𝑑𝑦 1
14) If 𝑦 = sin(ln 𝑥 ), then = cos(ln 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
15) If 𝑦 = cos(ln 𝑥 ), then = − sin(ln 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑛+1
𝑛 (𝑓(𝑥))
1) ∫(𝑓(𝑥)) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1
+𝑐
1
2) ∫ cos 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
1
3) ∫ sin 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐
1
4) ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑥𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
5) ∫ 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑛+1) + 𝑐

1
6) ∫ tan 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|sec 𝑎𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑎
𝑥 1
7) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|1 + 𝑥 2 | + 𝑐
1+𝑥 2 2

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Useful Trigonometric Identities
sin 𝑥
1) tan 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥
2) cot 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥

1
3) sec 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
1
4) csc 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥

5) sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1

6) sec2 𝑥 = 1 + tan2 𝑥

7) csc2 𝑥 = cot2 𝑥 + 1
1−cos(2𝑥) 1 cos 𝑥
8) sin2 𝑥 = 2
=2− 2

1+cos 2𝑥 1 cos 𝑥
9) cos2 𝑥 = = +
2 2 2

10) 2 sin 𝑎 sin 𝑏 = cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) − cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)

11) 2 sin 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) + sin(𝑎 − 𝑏)

12) 2 cos 𝑎 cos 𝑏 = cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)

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Integrals of Some Trigonometric Functions

1) ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑐

2) ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝑐

3)∫ sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

4) ∫ csc2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −cot 𝑥 + 𝑐

5) ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝑐

6) ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝑐

Integrals of products of powers of sine and cosine, and also products of powers of tan and sec
𝑛+1
𝑛 (𝑓(𝑥))
∫(𝑓(𝑥)) ′ (
𝑓 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑛+1
sin𝑟+1 𝑥
∫ sin𝑟 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑟+1

𝑟
cos𝑟+1 𝑥
∫ cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − +𝐶
𝑟+1
tan𝑟+1 𝑥
∫ tan𝑟 𝑥 sec2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑟+1
sec𝑟+1 𝑥
∫ sec𝑟 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
𝑟+1

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