State First law of Thermodynamics.

It states that energy may be converted from one form to another, but it is never lost from the system.
A 3-phase AC induction motor (20 kW capacity) is used for pumping operation. Electrical parameter
such as current, volt and power factor were measured with power analyzer. Find energy consumption
of motor in one hour? (line volts. = 440 V, line current = 25 amps and PF=0.90).
Energy consumption = √ 3 x 0.440 (kV) x 25(A) x 0.90(PF) x 1(hour) = 17.15 kWh

Define luminous efficacy.

It is the ratio of luminous flux emitted by a lamp to the power consumed by the lamp. It is reflection of
efficiency of energy conversion from electricity to light form.
Define harmonics in power system
In power systems, harmonics are defined as positive integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Thus, the third order harmonic is the third multiple of the fundamental frequency. This type of
harmonics is generated in non-linear loads.
Define Evaporation Ratio.
Quantity of steam generation to Qty of fuel consumption
List the merits of Direct method to calculate boiler efficiency
• Requires few parameters for computation
• Needs few instruments for monitoring
List the different types of refrigeration plants used in industrial applications
• Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) and
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR).
List the difference between Fans and Blowers.

Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure rise (mmWg)

Fans Up to 1.11 1136
Blowers 1.11 to 1.20 1136 – 2066
Compressors more than 1.20 –
Define ROI .
ROI expresses the "annual return" from the project as a percentage of capital cost. The annual return
takes into account the cash flows over the project life and the discount rate by converting the total
present value of ongoing cash flows to an equivalent annual amount over the life of the project, which
can then be compared to the capital cost
Define Net Present Value (NPV) and Cash Flow
It measures that allow financial planning of the project and provide the company with all the
information needed to incorporate energy efficiency projects into the corporate financial system
A 400 Watt mercury vapor lamp was switched on for 10 hours per day. The supply volt is 230V. Find
the power consumption per day? (Volt = 230 V, Current = 2 amps, PF = 0.8)

Electricity consumption (kWh) = V x I x Cos x No of Hours

= 0.230 x 2 x 0.8 x 10 = 3.7 kWh or Units
Define Per Capita Energy Consumption
Electricity consumption per capita measures the average kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electrical power
generated per person in a particular country or region. The per capita energy consumption is too low
for India as compared to developed countries. It is just 4% of USA and 20% of the world average.
Define Luminaire
Luminaire is a device that distributes, filters or transforms the light emitted from one or more lamps. The
luminaire includes, all the parts necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps, except the lamps
themselves
Define Lux
It is the illuminance produced by a luminous flux of one lumen, uniformly distributed over a surface
area of one square metre. One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter
Define Refrigeration
Refrigeration deals with the transfer of heat from a low temperature level at the heat source to a high
temperature level at the heat sink by using a low boiling refrigerant.
Define Return on Investment (ROI) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) –
It is the measure that allow comparison with other investment options
A 400 Watt mercury vapor lamp was switched on for 10 hours per day. The supply volt is 230V. Find
the power consumption per day? (Volt = 230 V, Current = 2 amps, PF = 0.8)
Electricity consumption (kWh) = V x I x Cos x No of Hours
= 0.230 x 2 x 0.8 x 10 = 3.7 kWh or Units
Define Per Capita Energy Consumption
Electricity consumption per capita measures the average kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electrical power
generated per person in a particular country or region. The per capita energy consumption is too low
for India as compared to developed countries. It is just 4% of USA and 20% of the world average.
Define Luminaire
Luminaire is a device that distributes, filters or transforms the light emitted from one or more lamps. The
luminaire includes, all the parts necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps, except the lamps
themselves
Define Lux
It is the illuminance produced by a luminous flux of one lumen, uniformly distributed over a surface
area of one square metre. One lux is equal to one lumen per square meter
Define Gross calorific value (GCV)
The amount of heat liberated by the complete combustion, under specified conditions, by a unit volume
of a gas or of a unit mass of a solid or liquid fuel, in the determination of which the water produced by
combustion of the fuel is assumed to be completely condensed and its latent and sensible heat made
available.

Define Net calorific value (NCV)

The amount of heat generated by the complete combustion, under specified conditions, by a unit volume
of a gas or of a unit mass of a solid or liquid fuel, in the determination of which the water produced by
the combustion of the fuel is assumed to remain as vapour.

List any four varieties of Reciprocating compressors

Lubricated and non-lubricated, Single or multiple cylinder, Water or air-cooled., Single or multi stage
Define Refrigeration
Refrigeration deals with the transfer of heat from a low temperature level at the heat source to a high
temperature level at the heat sink by using a low boiling refrigerant.
Define Simple Payback
A measure of how long it will be before the investment makes money,
and how long the financing term needs to be