Professional Documents
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C Properties and uses of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
(Book 2A, p. 10)
⚫ Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen have some common properties. They are all
(12) _______________ and (13) _______________ (無氣味的) gases.
⚫ Oxygen (14) _______________ (supports / does not support) burning. It can be mixed with a
fuel gas to produce a flame of very high (15) _______________ for cutting and
(16) _______________ (焊接) metals.
⚫ Oxygen is essential for the (17) _______________ of humans. It can be used to help patients
with (18) _______________ difficulties.
⚫ Solid carbon dioxide is also called (24) _______________. It is commonly used in stage to
show the effect of dense fog.
⚫ Nitrogen has a very (29) _______________ (high / low) boiling point (–196 °C).
(30) _______________ nitrogen can be used to store living cells at a very low temperature.
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7.2 Photosynthesis (Book 2A, p. 13)
⚫ Chlorophyll absorbs (4) _______________ energy. The light energy is used to convert
(5) _______________________ and water into food ((6) _______________ (葡萄糖)).
light
(8) _____________ + (9) ____________ (10) ____________ + (11) ____________
chlorophyll
light
(12) ______________ + (13) ______________ C6H12O6 + (14) ______________
chlorophyll
⚫ (16) _______________ solution is used to test for starch in a green leaf. It turns from
(17) _______________ to (18) _______________ when starch is present.
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⚫ The purposes of the steps in testing for starch in a green leaf:
Step Purpose
iodine
solution
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B Necessary factors for photosynthesis (Book 2A, p. 19)
⚫ Before carrying out experiments to find out the factors necessary for photosynthesis, we have
to put the plant in the dark for at least 24 hours. This is called (24) _______________ (脫澱粉).
4 Carry out iodine test to test for the starch in the leaf.
The part exposed to light turns (26) _______________
while the part covered with the foil remains (27) _______________.
A control set-up (對照裝置) is (29) _______________ to the experimental set-up except that the
factor under investigation is absent.
The photo below shows a leaf for investigating whether chlorophyll is necessary for
photosynthesis. Identify which part of the leaf is the control set-up. Put a ‘✓’ in the correct box.
(30)
wrapped
part
exposed
part
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⚫ To find out whether chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis:
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1 Providing a source of energy (Book 2A, p. 25)
⚫ When animals (e.g. rabbits) eat plants (e.g. grass), (42) _______________ is transferred from
the grass to the rabbits. When the rabbits are eaten by other animals (e.g. foxes), energy is
(43) _______________ from the rabbits to the foxes.
⚫ A food chain of grass, rabbits and foxes is as follows: ( means ‘eaten by’)
⚫ In most food chains, plants are the (49) _______________ (生產者) and animals are the
(50) _______________ (消費者).
⚫ Food stores (3) _______________ energy. In our body, the chemical energy in food is released
slowly through a series of chemical reactions in our cells. The process is called
(4) _______________ (呼吸作用).
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(8) _______________ + oxygen (9) _______________ + (10) _______________
⚫ Gas exchange in plants is carried out through the (10) _______________ (氣孔) on the leaves.
stomata
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7.5 Gas exchange in animals (Book 2A, p. 38)
⚫ Compared with inhaled air (吸入的空氣), exhaled air (呼出的空氣) :
(5)
(6)
(11)
(7)
(8) (12)
(9) (13)
(10) (14)
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⚫ In humans, gas exchange takes place at the (18) _______________, which are covered with
(19) _______________ (微血管).
⚫ The (20) _______________ protect the lungs. The actions of the (21) _______________
muscles (肋間肌) and (22) _______________ (橫膈膜) bring about breathing.
(25) ____________________
(23) _______________ passes passes from the blood in the
from the air sac into the blood capillaries into the air sac and
in the capillary and is carried to leaves the body when we
cells around the body for breathe out.
(24) _______________.
⚫ The trachea and the lung tissue in the lungs of a smoker darken because of the
(26) _______________ (焦油) in the cigarette smoke.
⚫ Match the chemicals in cigarette smoke with their effects on gas exchange:
Chemical Effect
I Tar a Reduces the oxygen-carrying i Less oxygen can enter the
ability of blood blood
II Carbon monoxide b Covers the surface of the air ii Reduces surface area for
(一氧化碳) sacs gas exchange
III Other chemicals c Causes the walls of the air sacs
to break down
I: (28) _______ , _______ II: (29) _______ , _______ III: (30) _______ , _______
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D Effects of smoking on our health (Book 2A, p. 52)
⚫ (31) _______________ (尼古丁) in cigarette smoke is addictive (使人上癮的).
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C Effects of increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere on environment (Book 2A, p. 58)
⚫ Some gases in the atmosphere trap (9) _________________________ in the atmosphere and
help keep the Earth warm. This natural phenomenon is called the (10) ___________________
______________ (温室效應).
⚫ The gases that trap thermal energy are called (11) _________________________ (温室氣體).
Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen ⚫ (2) _______________ the eyes, throats and lungs
oxides and ozone ⚫ Worsen (3) _______________ (支氣管炎) and asthma (哮喘)
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Answers
7 Living things and air
7.1
1 mixture 2 nitrogen 3 oxygen 4 carbon dioxide
5 noble gases 6 relights 7 yellow 8 lime water
9 blue 10 pink 11 nitrogen 12 colourless
13 odourless 14 supports 15 temperature 16 welding
17 survival 18 breathing 19 does not support 20 denser
21 fire extinguisher 22 displace 23 oxygen 24 dry ice
25 unreactive 26 food packaging 27 air 28 longer
29 low 30 Liquid
7.2
1 photosynthesis 2 leaves 3 chlorophyll 4 light
5 carbon dioxide 6 glucose 7 chemical 8 carbon dioxide / water
9 water / carbon dioxide 10 food (glucose) / oxygen 11 oxygen / food (glucose) 12 6CO2 / 6H2O
13 6H2O / 6CO2 14 6O2 15 starch 16 Iodine
17 brown 18 blue-black 19 cell membranes 20 alcohol
21 chlorophyll 22 soft 23 starch 24 destarching
25 aluminium foil 26 blue-black 27 brown 28 Light
29 identical 30 wrapped part 31 variegated 32 non-green
33 green 34 non-green 35 Chlorophyll 36 carbon dioxide
37 A 38 B 39 A 40 Carbon dioxide
41 water 42 energy 43 transferred 44 energy
45 food chain 46 grass 47 rabbits 48 foxes
49 producers 50 consumers 51 oxygen
7.3
1 energy 2 food 3 chemical 4 respiration
5 oxygen 6 Carbon dioxide 7 water 8 glucose
9 carbon dioxide / water 10 water / carbon dioxide 11 C6H12O6 12 6CO2 / 6H2O
13 6H2O / 6CO2
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Answers
7.4
1 gas exchange 2 photosynthesis 3 respiration 4 carbon dioxide
5 oxygen 6 photosynthesis 7 respiration 8 oxygen
9 carbon dioxide 10 stomata
7.5
1 less 2 more 3 more 4 higher
5 nasal cavity 6 nostril 7 bronchus 8 bronchiole
9 air sac 10 intercostal muscle 11 trachea 12 rib
13 lung 14 diaphragm 15 trachea 16 bronchi
17 bronchioles 18 air sacs 19 capillaries 20 ribs
21 intercostal 22 diaphragm 23 oxygen 24 respiration
25 carbon dioxide 26 tar 27 efficiency 28 b, ii
29 a, i 30 c, ii 31 nicotine 32 stroke
33 lung cancer 34 heart diseases
7.6
1 carbon dioxide 2 photosynthesis 3 oxygen 4 respiration
5 risen 6 fossil fuels 7 forests 8 balance
9 thermal energy 10 greenhouse effect 11 greenhouse gases 12 enhances
13 increase 14 global warming 15 Polar 16 Flooding
17 weather patterns
7.7
1 air pollutants 2 Irritate 3 bronchitis 4 oxygen-carrying
5 asthma 6 Air Quality Health Index
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