ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE BUILDING

A DISSERTATION REPORT

Submitted By

FARZANA SHAJI
REGISTER NO: 723818251017
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

SASI CREATIVE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

COIMBATORE- 641032
(Affiliated To Anna University, Chennai)

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

JUNE 2022

1
 SASI CREATIVE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Coimbatore-641032
(Affiliated To Anna University, Chennai)

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this dissertation report titled ” ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE

BUILDING” is the bonafide work of ”FARZANA SHAJI” who carried out the
dissertation work under my supervision

(Asst. Prof. Matilda Correya) (Prof. Gayathri Viswanathan)

SUPERVISOR DIRECTOR

2
 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 LYNNWOOD HALL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

Figure 2 TAJ MAHAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24
Figure 3 BEFORE AND AFTER OF KUND STEP WELL DURING CONSERVATION------------------25
Figure 4 BEFORE AND AFTER OF KUND STEP WELLS DURING CONSERVATION----------------25
Figure 5 PEPPER HOUSE, KOCHI---------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Figure 6 RESTORATION OF QUTAB MINAR--------------------------------------------------------------27
Figure 7 RECONSTRUCTION OF MUMBAI TAJMAHAL PALACE AFTER AN ATTACK-------------28
Figure 8 QUTAB SHAHI TOMBS----------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Figure 9 HUMAYUN'S TOMB-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 10 BOLGATTY PALCE TOP VIEW-------------------------------------------------------------------30
Figure 11 BOLGATTY PALCE DETAILED VIEW------------------------------------------------------------31
Figure 12 BOLGATTY PALCE SIDE VIEW-------------------------------------------------------------------31
Figure 13 BOLGATTY IN OLD FRAME----------------------------------------------------------------------32
Figure 14 BOLGATTY PALCE---------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
Figure 15 BOLGATTY ISLAND AROUND VEMBANAD LAKE--------------------------------------------34
Figure 16 REPEATED SASH GLASS PATTERNS------------------------------------------------------------35
Figure 17 INSIDE VIEW OF NALLUKETTU-----------------------------------------------------------------35
Figure 18 PATHWAY INDOOR-------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
Figure 19 BEAUTIFUL CHANDELIER HANGED------------------------------------------------------------36
Figure 20 KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA--------------------------------------------------------------37
Figure 21 MARINA YACHT SPOT (strange (2003))------------------------------------------------------38

3
 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER 1..................................................................................................................................7

1.1 BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................7
1.2 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................7
1.3 AIM..............................................................................................................................8
1.4 OBJECTIVE....................................................................................................................8
1.5 METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................8
................................................................................................................................................8
1.6 INFERENCE...................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER 2................................................................................................................................10

2.1 ADAPTIVE REUSE............................................................................................................10

2.2 ADAPTIVE REUSE’S IMPORTANCE..................................................................................11
2.3 PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE....................................................................................11
2.4 TYPES OF ABANDONED BUILDINGS................................................................................12
2.5 ADVANTAGES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE................................................................................12
2.6 BENEFITS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE.......................................................................................13
2.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL....................................................................................................15
2.6.2 SOCIAL......................................................................................................................15
2.6.3 ECONOMIC...............................................................................................................15
2.7 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE............................................................................................16
2.8 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ADAPTIVE REUSE DECISION PROCESS...............................16
2.9 CRITERIA FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE.....................................................................................16
2.10 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHILE DECIDING ON ADAPTIVE REUSE.................................17
2.11 IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE REUSE ON CITY GROWTH.........................................................17
2.12 PRESERVATION STRATEGY............................................................................................17
2.13 ADAPTING TO REUSE....................................................................................................18

4
CHAPTER 3................................................................................................................................19

3.1 HERITAGE CONSERVATION.............................................................................................19

3.2 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE STRUCTURES................................................................20
3.3 HERITAGE PRESERVATION AND THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION........................21
3.4 MODERN CONCERN ABOUT PRESERVING BUILT HERITAGE..........................................22
3.5 KEYWORDS.....................................................................................................................22
3.5.1 ABANDONED BUILDINGS.........................................................................................22
3.5.2 HERITAGE BUILDINGS..............................................................................................23
3.5.3 CONSERVATION.......................................................................................................24
3.5.4 ADAPTIVE REUSE......................................................................................................26
3.5.5 RESTORATION..........................................................................................................26
3.5.6 RECONSTRUCTION...................................................................................................27
3.5.7 PRESERVATION........................................................................................................28
3.5.8 REVITALIZATION.......................................................................................................28
3.5.9 RENOVATION...........................................................................................................29

CHAPTER 4................................................................................................................................30

4.1 SITE.................................................................................................................................30
4.2 HISTORY........................................................................................................................32
4.3 ACCESS TO THE SITE.......................................................................................................33
4.4 DUTCH ARCHITECTURE...................................................................................................34
4.5 KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA...................................................................................36

5. CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................38

6 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................39

5
 ABSTRACT

ADAPTIVE DEVELOPMENT IS THE PRACTICE BY WHICH AN ORGANISM OR A BODY ADJUSTS

ITSELF IN RESPONSE TO THE CHANGES IN THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. THIS HAS BEEN
PROVED IN NATURE AS WELL AS IN OTHER SPHERES. THE IDEA OF EVOLUTION IS BASED ON
ADAPTATION TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT, WHERE THE MOST ADAPTATIVE
ORGANISM MANAGES TO SURVIVE IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
AS TIME GOES ON, THE AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF VENUES DECREASES. THESE
STRUCTURES, WHOSE FUNCTION IS JUST NO LONGER ESSENTIAL, ARE LET TO DECAY.
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES, POLITICAL BUILDINGS, AND COMMUNAL BUILDINGS ARE THE
TYPES OF PROPERTY THAT ARE MOST PRONE TO BE FORGOTTEN IN VARIOUS SCENARIOS.
ADAPTIVE REUSE IS ONE OF THE POTENTIAL LIFELINES FOR SUCH STRUCTURES, AS IT
REINFORCES THEIR ROLE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. AS A RESULT, JUST ONE STRUCTURE IS
INTRODUCED TO THE URBAN FABRIC, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IS REDUCED.
EVEN WHEN THE CONTEXT IS CHANGING, IT MIGHT NEVERTHELESS RETAIN SOME OF ITS
PAST.
IT WILL BE ABLE TO PREVENT MORE BUILDINGS FROM BEING ABANDONED IF WE CAN
UNDERSTAND WHY THEY FAIL. RENOVATION, RESTORATION, RETROFITTING, OR SIMPLY
REUSE CAN ALL BE USED TO GIVE SOMETHING NEW LIFE. ADAPTIVE REUSE IS ONE
TECHNIQUE, BUT IT APPEARS TO BE THE MOST POPULAR DUE TO ITS NUMEROUS BENEFITS.
IT CAN INCLUDE ALL OF THE PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED OPTIONS. DUE TO A VARIETY OF
FACTORS, INCLUDING BUILDING SAFETY AND THE AVAILABILITY OF BETTER NEW
AMENITIES, THE OLD BUILDING HAS BEEN NEGLECTED. SOME OF THE STRUCTURES MAY BE
HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT AND THEREFORE SHOULD BE PRESERVED TO RECOGNISE THE
AREA'S HISTORY AND RESIDENTS. DEVELOPMENT COSTS CAN BE CUT BY REPURPOSING
THESE ABANDONED BUILDINGS. IN TERMS OF THE ENVIRONMENT, WHEN COMPARED TO
CREATING A NEW STRUCTURE, THE BUILDING REQUIRES LESS CONSTRUCTION OR
MODIFICATION. AS A RESULT OF FEWER MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS, THERE IS LESS AIR
POLLUTION CAUSED BY TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MANUFACTURE. THE GOAL OF
THE STUDY IS TO PROVIDE A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO BUILDING REVITALIZATION USING
THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION METHOD IN ORDER TO AVOID STRUCTURES BECOMING
OBSOLETE.

6
 CHAPTER 1

1.1 BACKGROUND

WITH THE GROWING TREND TOWARD PRESERVING GLOBAL ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE,

THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILT HERITAGE BUILDINGS BECOMING INCREASINGLY POPULAR.
IN CONSIDERING ADAPTIVE REUSE, URBAN DEVELOPERS AND PLANNERS REACHED AN
EQUILIBRIUM BATTLE BETWEEN TIME AND SPACE. THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF
ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE ASSETS WHILE ASLO MEETS THE NEED OF THE CONTEMPORARY
WORLD. NEGLECTION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS, WHERE MOST OF THE BUILDINGS IN INDIA
BUILT BEFORE INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ARE LEFT ABANDONED DUE TO MANY REASONS AND
FACTORS SUCH AS BUILDING SAFETY AND BETTER NEW FACILITIES. SOME OF THE
BUILDINGS MAY BE IMPORTANT TO THE LOCATION AND SHOULD BE PRESERVED TO
HONOUR THE LOCALS AND THEIR HISTORY.
REUSE OF THESE BUILDINGS CAN REDUCE COSTS SUCH AS THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW
FOUNDATIONS, STRUCTURES, AND TIME CONSUMPTION FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IN A
SUSTAINABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT. WHEN COMPARED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW
BUILDINGS, THE BUILDING REQUIRES LESS NEW CONSTRUCTION OR MODIFICATION FOR
THE ENVIRONMENT. FEWER MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED TO CONTRIBUTE TO LESS AIR
POLLUTION CAUSED BY MATERIALS TRANSPORT AND PRODUCTION. REPURPOSING AN
EXISTING STRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE A NEW USE

1.2 INTRODUCTION

THIS IS ONE OF THE SOLUTIONS FOR MAINTAINING HERITAGE VALUE BY RECYCLING USABLE
COMPONENTS FOR NEW APPLICATIONS, UP TO THE PROCESS OF BUILDING
REHABILITATION, AND APPLIED TO CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION. ADAPTIVE
HERITAGE BUILDING REUSE IS A PRESERVATION TECHNIQUE THAT PROTECTS THE
STRUCTURE FROM DETERIORATION WHILE ALSO KEEPING ITS VALUE. THIS IS REGARDED AS
ONE OF THE MOST CRUCIAL TACTICS FOR COPING WITH MONUMENTAL STRUCTURES. IT
STRIVES TO STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN THE BUILDING PRESERVATION AND THE
ENHANCEMENT OF ITS POSITION IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT. AESTHETIC CHANGES TO A
BUILDING CAN BE INCLUDED INTO IN ADAPTIVE USAGE WHILE RETAINING THE STRUCTURE
AND CHARACTER OF THE BUILDING. TO REUSE, THE CORRECT BALANCE OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
PROJECTS SHOULD INCORPORATE THE FIVE PRINCIPLES INTO THEIR DESIGN. THE FACT THAT
THE STAGE OF THE PROCESS IS BASED ON A SIMILAR TO THE CONCEPT, SOME HARD AND
FAST CRITERIA GOVERN, HOW AN ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECT WILL PROCEED.
FURTHERMORE, THE BUILDINGS ARE FREQUENTLY COMPOSED OF SOLID MATERIALS AND A

7
LOT OF FEATURES CAN HELP TO HEAT AND COOL THEM TO RUN MORE EFFICIENTLY. THE
RESTORATION OF THE BUILDING’S HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE IS ONE OF THE
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF THE REUSE PROJECT.

1.3 AIM

 A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO BUILDING THROUGH THE REUSE AND RECYCLING

METHODOLOGY TO AVOID BUILDINGS FROM BEING ABANDONED.
 CREATE A NEW IDENTITY FOR THE BUILDING WITH INTEGRITY
 TO STUDY THE TECHNIQUES USED TO REUSE THE ABANDONED BUILDINGS

1.4 OBJECTIVE

 TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING THEM AND USING

 TO STUDY AND ANALYZE THE HERITAGE VALUE.
 WHY ADAPTIVE REUSE IS IMPORTANT IN THIS MODERN ERA.

1.5 METHODOLOGY

TOPIC IDENTIFICATION AND

SELECTION

UNDERSTANDING THE TOPIC

INVESTIGATING THE LITERATURE

STUDY

ANALYSIS

INFERENCE

8
THE STUDY IS CONDUCTED BASED ON THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS WHERE THE
GENERAL IDEA OF ADAPTIVE REUSE TOWARDS VARIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS.
BOLGATTY PALACE IS ONE OF THE CASE STUDIES SELECTED TO PRESENT THE RESEARCH. THE
STUDY WILL EXPLAIN ON THE STRATEGIES, TYPES, AND METHODS.

1.6 INFERENCE

CONSTRUCTING A NEW STRUCTURE GENERALLY TAKES MUCH LONGER THAN

REFURBISHING AN OLD STRUCTURE. PEOPLE ENJOY THE HISTORICAL PRESERVATION OF
SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS IN THAT AREA AS WELL AS THE PRODUCTION OF NEW DISTINCTIVE
MONUMENTS THROUGH CREATIVE ADAPTIVE REUSE WORKS.
ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS WITH PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES TO PREVENT
BUILDINGS FROM DETERIORATION AND TO PRESERVE THEIR VALUE. IT USUALLY TAKES A
LONGER TIME TO CONSTRUCT A NEW BUILDING THAN TO REHABITAT AN EXISTING
BUILDING. THIS POLICY IS CONCERNED WITH IMPROVING THE WHOLE OF THE AREA AND
RAISING ITS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL LEVEL BY BRINGING THE HISTORIC BUILDINGS BACK TO
LIFE WITH PROPER USAGE.THE GOAL OF THE RESEARCH IS TO FORMULATE A
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO REVITALISING BUILDINGS USING THE HISTORIC
PRESERVATION METHOD IN ORDER TO PREVENT BUILDINGS FROM BEING ABANDONED.
THIS WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH A STUDY OF VARIOUS ADAPTIVE REUSE METHODS
AS WELL AS A STUDY OF THE ELEMENTS AND FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE THE DECISION
TO USE ADAPTIVE REUSE.

9
 CHAPTER 2

2.1 ADAPTIVE REUSE

THIS CHAPTER MAINLY FOCUSES ON THE CONCEPT OF AN ADAPTIVE REUSE IN BUILDINGS

CONTAINING DEFINITIONS, KINDS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE, ADVANTAGES, AND APPROACHES.
THIS IS ONE OF THE STUDIES WITH THE STRATEGIES TO PRESERVE HERITAGE VALUE TILL THE
PROCESS OF CONVERTING BUILDINGS BY RECYCLING THEIR USABLE COMPONENTS FOR A
NEW USE AND ALSO A METHOD AND STRATEGY THAT CAN BE USED TO PRESERVE
CULTURAL HERITAGE. HERITAGE IS DEFINED AS “SOMETHING WHICH HAS BEEN OR MAY BE
INHERITED AND INVOLVES FROM BOTH PAST AND FUTURE GENERATIONS “AS DERIVED
FROM THE INHERITANCE.
A PERSPECTIVE ON SOMETHING AS A RUIN IS EASY TO OBTAIN. URBAN PLANNERS
CONSIDER INDUSTRIAL RUINS FOR REVITALIZATION INTO MUSEUMS, ART GALLERIES, OR
MODERN APARTMENTS. INDUSTRIAL RUINS ARE SEEN BY POLITICAL ECONOMISTS AS
WASTE PRODUCTS OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL RUINSAPHY. INDUSTRIAL
RUINS ARE BEAUTIFUL YET TRAGIC MORTALITY MIND FINALITY FOR DERELICTION TOURISTS,
ARTISTS, AND PHOTOJOURNALISTS.BUT, WHERE SOME SEE RUINS, OTHERS SEE HOMES INA
PAINFUL TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS IS A PRESERVATION METHOD USED TO
PROTECT BUILDINGS FROM DETERIORATION AND SUSTAIN THEIR VALUE. IT’S CONSIDERED
AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STRATEGIES WHEN DEALING WITH HERITAGE
BUILDINGS. IT WORKS TO ACHIEVE A BALANCE BETWEEN PRESERVING A BUILDING AND
ENHANCING ITS ROLE IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT.

ADAPTIVE REUSE IS A REVITALIZATION STRATEGY THAT UTILIZES A SERIES OF LINKED

PROCEDURES TO PLAN FOR, INVENTORY, ACQUIRE, MAINTAIN, AND REUSE SURPLUS OR
ABANDONED REAL ESTATE. THE LAND OR BUILDING THAT IS BEING CONSIDERED FOR
PREVIOUS USE THAT IS NO LONGER SUITABLE OR THE USE REMAINS UNUSED IN THAT TYPE
OF BUILDING LOCATION AND THEREFORE THE POTENTIAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY WILL BE
MAXIMIZED BY ADAPTING THE SPACE IS AN IMPERATIVE ASPECT OF ADAPTIVE REUSE
PROJECTS. MODIFICATIONS THAT ARE PURELY AESTHETIC AND MADE TO THE BUILDING
WHILE RETAINING ITS STRUCTURE AND CHARACTER CAN BE INCLUDED WITH THE ADAPTIVE
REUSE OF THE BUILDING. IT IS EASY TO HAVE A PERSPECTIVE ON SOMETHING AS A RUIN U
RBAN PLANNERS CONSIDER INDUSTRIAL RUINSFOR FOR REVITALIZATION INTO MUSEUMS,
ART GALLERIES, OR MODERN APARTMENTS. INDUSTRIAL RUINS ARE SEEN BY POLITICAL
ECONOMISTS AS WASTE PRODUCTS OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT AND S UNEVEN
GEOGRAPHY.

10
INDUSTRIAL RUINS ARE BEAUTIFUL YET TRAGIC PHYSICAL REMINDERS OF MORALITY AND
THE INABILITY OF DERELICTION TOURISTS, ARTISTS, AND PHOTOJOURNALISTS. BUT WHERE
SOME SEE RUIN S, OTHERS SEE HOUSES IN THE MIDDLE OF PAINFUL TRANSFORMATION
PROCESSES.

2.2 ADAPTIVE REUSE’S IMPORTANCE

ADAPTIVE REUSE AIDS IN THE REPURPOSING OF A SPACE THAT MIGHT OTHERWISE BE

DEMOLISHED OR LEFT TO DEGRADE. HISTORIC STRUCTURES ARE CURIAL TO MAINTAIN
SINCE THEY ARE PART OF OUR COLLECTIVE CULTURAL HERITAGE. TRADITIONAL
STRUCTURES SHOWCASE A WIDE RANGE OF TRADES AND AESTHETIC ABILITIES THAT ARE
NO LONGER FOUND IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE. IT SAFEGUARDS THEIR COMMUNITY’S
CULTURAL LEGACY. ALSO REPURPOSING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BUILDING’S IMPROVED
ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCE. ADAPTIVE REUSE INITIATIVES
PRESERVE DISTINCTIVE AND AUTHENTIC TRAITS THAT ARE IMPOSSIBLE TO REPLICATE IN
NEW BUILDINGS. SUCCESSFUL ADAPTIVE REUSE DEVELOPMENT COMBINES CURRENT
TECHNOLOGY WITH OLD STRUCTURES, RESULTING IN AN AMBIENCE AND SENSE OF PLACE
THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO REPLICATE IN A NEW BUILDING. SUCCESSFUL ADAPTIVE
REUSDEVELOPMENTNT COMBINES CURRENT TECHNOLOGY WITH OLD STRUCTURES,
RESULTING IN AN AMBIENCE AND SENSE OF PLACE THAT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DUPLICATE.

2.3 PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE

THE PROBLEM IS TO FIND THE DESIRED BALANCE BETWEEN CHANGE, ADPTATIONTAON,

AND RESTORATION TO APPEAL TO THE STAKE TO HOLDERS. ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECTS
SHOULD INTEGRATE FIVE PRINCIPLES INTO THE DESIGN TO FIND THE RIGHT BALANCE:

 PERFORM THE FUNCTIONS FOR WHICH THEY ARE DESIGNED.

 BE LONG-LASTING AND ADAPTABLE TO NEW USES.
 RESPOND WELL TO THEIR SURROUNDINGS AND ENHANCE THEIR CONTEXT.
 BE SUSTAINABLE – NON-POLLUTING, ENERGY-EFFICIENT, EASILY ACCESSIBLE, AND
HAVE MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
 HAVE A VISUAL COHERENCE AND CREATE DELIGHT FOR USERS AND PASSERS-BY.
THE PROCESS OF RENOVATION IS BOTH A SCIENCE AND AN ART. EACH STAGE OF THE
PROCESS IS GUIDED BY GENERAL NOTIONS, BUT THERE ARE VERY FEW HARD AND FAST
RULES THAT DICTATE WHEN AND HOW ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECTS TAKE PLACE.
ADAPTIVE REUSE IS DEVELOPMENT DONE BACKWARD THERE ARE A LOT OF BUILDINGS
AND PRE – DETERMINE, STILL USING REHABILITATION AS VARIABLES.

11
2.4 TYPES OF ABANDONED BUILDINGS

HISTORIC STRUCTURES PROVIDE NEIGHBOURHOODS WITH THEIR DISTINCT CHARACTER

WHILE ALSO PROVIDING A VISIBLE LINK TO THE PAST.HOWEVER, THEIR HISTORY, AS WELL
AS THAT OF THEIR SURROUNDINGS, IS SOMETIMES OVERLOOKED AND UNDERVALUED AS
PART OF OUR CULTURAL LEGACY. INFILL EXPANSIONS FOR ABANDONED PROPERTIES ARE
BECOMING INCREASINGLY APPEALING TO THE DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY AS CITIES FACE
RAPID GROWTH. IN LARGE CITIES, THESE SITES ARE FREQUENTLY PLACED IN THE HEART OF
THE CITY. THEY’RE FREQUENTLY FOUND NEAR MAJOR TRANSIT ROUTES, SURROUNDED BY
COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE DEVELOPED UP AROUND THEM. ABANDONED BUILDINGS IN A
ONCE-THRIVING DISTRICT OF TOWN HAVE SPARKED A CHAIN REACTION THAT HAS
RESULTED IN FURTHER DETERIORATION OF NEARBY STRUCTURES, STORES, AND HOMES.
 INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, AS CITIES BECOME GENTRIFIED AND MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES SHIFT AWAY FROM CITIES, ARE THE TYPES OF BUILDINGS MOST LIKELY
TO BECOME SUBJECTS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE IN MANY CONTEXTS.
 POLITICAL STRUCTURES, SUCH AS PALACES AND OTHER STRUCTURES THAT ARE
UNABLE TO ACCOMMODATE CURRENT AND FUTURE VISITORS TO THE SITE
BUILDINGS IN THE COMMUNITY, SUCH AS CHURCHES OR SCHOOLS, WHOSE USES
HAVE CHANGED OVER TIME.
INCREASED AUTOMOBILE USE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAJOR ROADS IN THE MID-
TWENTIETH CENTURY PROVIDED ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL RAILROAD
TRANSPORTATION, ALLOWING PEOPLE TO LIVE AND WORK FURTHER AWAY FROM THE CITY
CORE. SUBURBS GREW, AND COMPANIES MIGRATED OUT OF THE CITY, LEAVING
ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL SITES IN THE HEART OF THE METROPOLIS. BUILDINGS THAT
PREVIOUSLY SERVED INDUSTRIES IN CITIES NOW APPEAR TO BE TRESPASSERS. THERE ARE
ALREADY A PLETHORA OF PROPERTIES IN FORMER INDUSTRIAL REGIONS THAT ARE
EXCELLENT FOR ADAPTATION, SITES THAT HAVE BECOME SUPERFLUOUS AS
MANUFACTURING HAS GONE. BECAUSE THEY ARE WELL-BUILT AND LARGE IN SCALE, THESE
FACTORIES, WAREHOUSES, AND PIERS ARE TYPICALLY IDEAL FOR ALTERNATIVE PURPOSES.

2.5 ADVANTAGES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE

THE ABILITY TO REUSE MATERIALS IS DUE IN PART TO THE FACT THAT OLDER BUILDINGS
ARE OFTEN CONSTRUCTED WITH HIGHER GRADE AND QUALITY MATERIALS, WHICH HAVE A
LONGER LIFE SPAN THAN THOSE USED IN CURRENT CONSTRUCTION. MOREOVER, WITH THE
ENVELOPE OF OLDER BUILDINGS GENERALLY MADE OF STRONGER MATERIALS AND HAS
MANY WINDOWS, THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HEATING AND COLLING CAN BE IMPROVED
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF REUSE PROJECTS INCLUDE REVITALISING A BUILDING’S HISTORICAL
AND CULTURAL VALUES.
WHEN THE BUILDING WAS FIRST USED, IT SERVED A SPECIFIC PURPOSE IN THE
NEIGHBOURHOOD TO WHICH PEOPLE WERE CONNECTED IN SOME WAYS. OLDER

12
BUILDINGS HAVE THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE CHARACTER TO AN AREA AND CREATE A SENSE
OF PLACE.
THERE ARE NUMEROUS FINANCIAL BENEFITS TO REUSING AN OLDER STRUCTURE,
INCLUDING LOWER STARTUP EXPENSES.FURTHERMORE, LITTLE OR NO DEMOLITION IS
NECESSARY, LAND PURCHASE IS FREQUENTLY LESS EXPENSIVE, AND MANY, IF NOT ALL, OF
THE REQUIRED UTILITIES AND SERVICES, ARE ALREADY CONNECTED AND MAY SIMPLY
REQUIRE UPDATING.ADDITIONALLY, BECAUSE THE BUILDING ID=S ALREADY IN PLACE, THE
MATERIALS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ERECTION COSTS HAVE ALREADY BEEN FACTORED
INTO THE STRUCTURE.

2.6 BENEFITS OF ADAPTIVE REUSE

THE MOST EFFECTIVE BUILT HERITAGE ADAPTIVE REUSE PROJECTS RESPECT AND PRESERVE
THE BUILDING’S HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE WHILE ALSO ADDING A CONTEMPORARY LAYER
THAT ADDS TO THE FUTURE. BUILDINGS THAT ARE DERELICT OR ABANDONED CAN HAVE A
LOT TO OFFER IN TERMS OF LOCATION AND CHARACTER AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS
OPPORTUNITIES RATHER THAN EYESORES. IN MANY CIRCUMSTANCES, PRESERVING OLDER
STRUCTURES PARTICULARLY THAT OF ARCHITECTURAL OR HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO A COMMUNITY’S LONG-TERM HERITAGE AND ENJOYMENT. THE
REHABILITATION OF EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL AS THE TRANSFORMATION OF
THESE AREAS INTO USABLE AND ACCESSIBLE LOCATIONS, IMPROVES PEOPLE’S QUALITY OF
LIFE. ADAPTIVE REUSE HELPS COMMUNITIES REMAIN LIVABLE AND SUSTAINABLE FOR
FUTURE GENERATIONS.
THERE ARE FEW WASTEFUL PROCESSES MORE WASTEFUL THAN DEMOLISHING AN
EXISTING STRUCTURE AND REPLACING IT WITH SOMETHING COMPLETELY NEW. THESE
STRUCTURES FREQUENTLY SYMBOLISE A FADED MEMORY OF MORE SETTLED OR AFFLUENT
TIMES, AND WHILE NOT ALL OF THEM HAVE REMARKABLE HISTORIC OR AESTHETIC
CREDENTIALS, THEY TYPICALLY MAKE UP FOR IT WITH THEIR AGE AND USE CHARACTER.
THEIR REPLACEMENT WITH CONTEMPORARY STRUCTURES RISKS ERASING ANY LEGACY AND
CONNECTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT, WHICH CLEVER USAGE CAN PRESERVE.

ADAPTIVE REUSE IS SOMETIMES THE ONLY METHOD TO PROPERLY CARE FOR, REVEAL, OR
INTERPRET A BUILDING’S FABRIC WHILE MAKING GREATER USE OF THE BUILDING ITSELF.
WHEN A BUILDING’S ORIGINAL PURPOSE IS NO LONGER VARIABLE, IT MAY BE NECESSARY
TO MODIFY IT FOR A NEW PURPOSE TO PRESERVE ITS HISTORICAL RELEVANCE. SIMPLY BY
KEEPING THE ORIGINAL BUILDING’S SOUND MEMBERS AND INTRODUCING
CONTEMPORARY MATERIALS, THE BUILDING’S LIFESPAN CAN BE EXTENDED FROM CRADLE
TO GRAVE.
THE FOLLOWING BENEFITS ARE RELATED TO THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF EXISTING
STRUCTURES:

13
ENERGY CONSERVATION: ENERGY CAN BE CONSERVED THROUGH RECLAIMING AND
REPURPOSING EXISTING STRUCTURES, MATERIALS, AND EMBODIED ENERGY, AS WELL AS
UTILISING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION AND UTILITIES.
CONTRIBUTES TO SUSTAINABILITY: EXISTING STRUCTURES ARE FREQUENTLY FOUND IN
ESTABLISHED GROWTH REGIONS WITH A HIGH POPULATION DENSITY AND IN DEVELOPED
LOCATIONS. REPURPOSING EXISTING STRUCTURES WILL AID IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD’S
SUPPORT. FREQUENTLY, THE MATERIALS UTILISED ARE OF GOOD QUALITY AND HAVE A
LONG CYCLE LIFE AHEAD OF THEM. BRICK, STONE, COPPER, SLATE, CONCRETE, AND
MASONRY UNITS ARE DURABLE MATERIALS THAT SHOULD LAST FOR AA LONG PERIOD.

ENHANCES COMMUNITY CHARACTER: HISTORIC REUSEPRESERVESE HISTORIC RESOURCES

AND COMMUNITY CHARACTER BY GIVING HISTORISTRUCTURESES A NEW LEASE ON LIFE IN
COST-EFFECTIVE MANNER. BUILDING REUSE CAN CONNECT A COMMUNITY’S PAST WITH ITS
PRESENT AND FUTURE WHILE MEETING CURRENT DEMANDS, AND IT IS FREQUENTLY MORE
IN KEEPING WITH THE COMMUNITY’CHARACTERER THAN A NEW BUILDING. ADAPTIVE
REUSE, WHEN DONE CORRECTLY, CAN HELP TO REPAIR AND SUSTAIN A BUILDING’S
HISTORIC RELEVANCE WHILE ALSO ENSURING ITS SURVIVALHISTORICIC STRUCTURES THAT
ARE SYMPATHETICALLY RECYCLED CAN CONTINUE TO BE USED AND VALUED RATHER THAN
FALLING INTO DETERIORATION DUE TO NEGLECT OR BEING MADE UNRECOGNIZABLE.
ENCOURAGES INVESTMENT: REUSE CAN PROMOTE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT
DEVELOPMENT, AND REVIVAL IN REGIONS AND STRUCTURES THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE
VACANT OR UNDERUTILISED, THUS CREATING JOBS.
OPPORTUNITIES: AS OUR SOCIETY EVOLVES, WE HAVE NOW THPOTENTIALIL TO OFFER
DISTINCTIVE AND INVENTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR CURRENT STRUCTURES. THERE ARE A LOT OF
EMPTY STRUCTURES OUT THERE JUST WAITING FOR CREATIVE SOLUTIONS. PROBLEMS ARE
TO SEE PAST THEIR CURRENT STATE TO RECOGNISE THEIR POTENTIAL. EMPT
BUIBUILDINGSAT BUILDINGS THAT ORIGINALLY SOLELY PROVIDED ONE USE MAY NOW BE
ABLE TO SUSTAIN SEVERAL FUNCTIONS. THESE CREATIVE DESIGN OPTIONS MIGHT HELP
YOU COME UP WITH NEW IDEAS.

COST SAVING: RATHER THAN DEMOLISH OLD STRUCTURES THAT HAVE OUTLINED THEIR
ORIGINAL USE, REUSE SAVES MONEY, PROMOTES RECYCLING, AND ALLOWS FOR UNIQUE
DESIGN POSSIBILITIES.
VALUE: THE PRESERVATION OF AESTHETICALLY PLEASING BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS AND
ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS, WHICH ARE COMMONLY FOUND IN OLDER STRUCTURES,
CAN BOOST THEIR VALUE. MATERIALS AND BUILDING QUALITY FROM THE PAST ARE
FREQUENTLY DIFFICULT TO REPLICATE AFFORDABLY IN TODAY’S WORLD.
SAVES TIME: BUILDING REUSE CAN SAVE TIME BECAUSE THE STRUCTURE AND
INFRASTRUCTURE ARE ALREADY IN PLACE, AND MUNICIPAL APPROVAL AND PERMITTING

14
CAN HAPPEN FASTER AND FASTER AND FOR LESS MONEY THAN COMPARABLE NEW
CONSTRUCTION.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS: THE RETENTION OF THE ORIGINAL BUILDING’S “EMBODIED
ENERGY” IS ONE OF THE KEY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REUSING STRUCTURES. THAT
IS, THE ENERGY CONSUMED BY ALL ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A
BUILDING, FROM THE PROCUREMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES THROUGH THE DELIVERY
OF FINISHED GOODS, INCLUDING MINING, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING,
TRANSPORTATION, AND ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS. THE EMBODIED ENERGY OF BUILDINGS IS
PRESERVED WHEN THEY ARE REUSED, MAKING THE ENDEAVOUR FAR MORE
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE THAN COMPLETELY NEW CONSTRUCTION. AN OLD
FACTORY MAY BE CONVERTED INTO AN APARTMENT COMPLEX, A DERELICT CHURCH INTO
A CONDOMINIUM, OR AN OUTDATED OFFICE BUILDING INTO A DYNAMIC RETAIL SPACE. IN
MANY WAYS, AN ADAPTIVE-REUSE PROJECT CAN REVITALISE A TOWN BY SATISFYING THE
POPULATION’S SHIFTING DEMANDS.
“AS MODERN ARCHITECTURE BECOMES MORE INTEGRATED INTO ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY,
ITS STRUCTURES FACE CHALLENGES RANGING FROM MATERIAL TO FUNCTIONAL
OBSOLESCENCE, NOT TO MENTION DEMOLITION DUE TO ABANDONMENT AND LACK OF
APPRECIATION, PRESERVATION, PRESERVATION CONCERNS HAVE GROWN.”

2.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
IN LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY, BUILDING ADAPTIVE REUSE IS ESSENTIAL. BECAUSE THESE
STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTE TO THE LANDSCAPE, IDENTITY, AND AMENITY OF THE
COMMUNITIES IN WHICH THEY ARE LOCATED, THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ARE MORE
IMPORTANT. ONE OF THE MAIN BENEFITS OF REUSING STRUCTURES ARE PRESERVATION OF
ORIGINAL BUILDINGS.MINING, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING,
TRANSPORTATION, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ALL CONSUME ENERGY IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING FROM THE EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES TO THE
DELIVERY OF FINISHED GOODS.

2.6.2 SOCIAL
BUILDING PRESERVATION AND REUSE HAVE LONG–TERM BENEFITS FOR COMMUNITIES
THAT VALUE THEM. ADAPTIVE REUSE CAN HELP TO RESTORE AND MAINTAIN A BUILDING’S
SIGNIFICANCE WHILE ALSO ENSURING ITS SURVIVAL.

2.6.3 ECONOMIC
ADAPTIVE REUSE OF BUILDINGS CAN RESULT IN A SEVERAL FINANCIAL SAVINGS AND
RETURNS EMBODIED ENERGY SAVINGS FROM NOT DEMOLISHING A BUILDING WILL ONLY
GROW IN THE FUTURE AS ENERGY COSTS RISE

15
2.7 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE REUSE

1. HISTORICAL PRESERVATION - REUSING A HISTORIC BUILDING WITH AN EFFORT TO

PRESERVE OR RESTORE ITS ORIGINAL STATE,
2. RENOVATION REPLACES MOST PART OF THE BUILDING THAT ARE IN POOR CONDITION OR
IN MOST CASES THE BASIC STRUCTURE AND EXTERNAL APPEARANCE OF THE ORIGINAL
BUILDING IS MAINTAINED BUT THE INSIDE IS COMPLETELY REPLACED DUE TO A CHANGE OF
FUNCTION OR ANOTHER FACTOR.
3. FACADES ADDING EXTRA SKIN ON TO BUILDING AS A FACADE WHICH ALLOW THE
BUILDING TO MAINTAIN ITS HISTORIC ELEMENT WHILE BEING USEFUL AND BECOME MORE
ENERGY EFFICIENT. AS A PRACTICAL SOLUTION THIS IS POPULAR WITH DEVELOPERS BUT
NOT AMONGST THOSE WHO SEEK TO PRESERVE THE HISTORY OF A CITY. FACADE CAN BE A
COMPROMISE FOR A BUILDING THAT IS EXCESSIVELY POOR MAINTAIN OR A SITE WITH
LITTLE HISTORICAL VALUE,
4. INTEGRATION - NEW CONSTRUCTION AROUND THE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE AND
5. INFRASTRUCTURE WHERE NEW INFRA ARE PROPOSED AS THE FUNCTION OF THE
ORIGINAL STRUCTURE CHANGE

2.8 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ADAPTIVE REUSE DECISION PROCESS

 CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
 HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE
 MEETING SD BENCHMARKS
 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
 VALUE OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
 ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING
 INFLUENCE ON THE BUILDING'S ABILITY TO ADAPT
 STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES

2.9 CRITERIA FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE

THE SOCIOLOGICAL VALUE OF CERTASITESITE AND BUILDING, IS THE IMPORTANCE OF A

PLACE’S USE BY ITS MEMBERS OR VISITORS TO THE COMMUNITY. THE POSSIBILITY OF
REPURPOSING A SPECIFIC LOCATION AND BUILDING. THE SITE’S PHYSICAL DAMAGE AND ITS
ABILITY TO SUPPORT FUTURE USAGE, THE PRESENT FORM’S CHARACTER IN TERMS OF
PROPOSED REUSE THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SITE, AND THE BUILDING BOTH IN
TERMS OF THE PROPOSED REUSE. THE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SITE AND
16
BUILDING BOTH IN TERMS OF THE PHYSICALITY OF THE STREETSCAPE AND THE
SURROUNDING REGION AS WELL AS THE SITE’S POSITION IN THE COMMUNITY’S
UNDERSTANDING OF THE PAST.

2.10 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHILE DECIDING ON ADAPTIVE REUSE

 RECYCLABILITY OF EXISTING MATERIALS

 ADAPTIVE REUSE IS BECOMING MORE WELL-KNOWN AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
 APPROVAL PROCESS FOR PLANNING
 THE BUILDING'S ORIENTATION
 POSSIBILITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
 DUE TO THE LOCATION, THERE IS A MARKET OPPORTUNITY.
 INCREASING THE DENSITY OF CITIES
 EFFECT ON VISUAL ACUITY
 GUIDELINES FROM THE HERITAGE COUNCIL
 BUILDING DEMAND AFTER ADAPTIVE REUSE
 COMPARATIVELY TO REDEVELOPMENT, IT HAS A HIGHER CREATIVE VALUE
 ADHERENCE TO BUILDING CODES
 EXISTING STRUCTURES HAVE A HIGH COMMUNITY VALUE.
 THE ADVANTAGES OF REUSE OVER REDEVELOPMENT
 AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS THAT ARE COMPATIBLE WITH THOSE ALREADY IN USE
 ABILITY TO BLEND IN WITH THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

2.11 IMPACT OF ADAPTIVE REUSE ON CITY GROWTH

THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF FORMER URBAN INDUSTRIAL SITES OR STRUCTURES IS A

CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE IN TODAY’S URBAN GROWTH. SINCE THESE LOCATIONS MAY
INCLUDE CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION, THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS BROWNFIELDS RATHER
THAN GREEN FIELDS. THIS ISSUE MUST BE RESOLVED BEFORE THE STRUCTURES CAN BE
USED FOR RESIDENTIAL OR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. A WELL-ADAPTED REUSE PROJECT
CAN HELP THE CITY THRIVE WHILE BRINGING HISTORIC TOURISM AND NEW LIFE TO ITS
SURROUNDINGS.

2.12 PRESERVATION STRATEGY

ADAPTIVE REUSE AS A STRATEGY FOR PRESERVATION ADAPTIVE REUSE AS A STRATEGY FOR

PRESERVATION FOLLOWING THE LITERATURE ON BUILDING ADAPTIVE REUSE. THE CRITICAL
CONSERVATION METHODS ARE:
1. CATEGORIZATION

17
2. STRATEGIC PLANNING
3. TECHNICAL

2.13 ADAPTING TO REUSE

APPROACHING ISSUES AND RESTRICTIONS ARE DETERMINED BY THE DIMENSIONS AND

CONDITION MATERIALS OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE REQUIRED AN INTELLIGENT AND
SENSITIVE APPROACH TO ISSUES AND RESTRICTIONS DETERMINED BY THE DIMENSIONS
AND CONDITION MATERIALS OF THE EXISTING STRUCTURE. TO ENSURE THE STRUCTURE IS
SECURE AND STANDARDS FOR SAFETY, ACCESSIBILITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY, IT IS ESSENTIAL
TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS POSSIBLE TO SAVE AND WHAT IS NEEDED TO OVERHAUL. WHEN
AN ARCHITECT TRIES TO RENOVATE A BUILDING WHILE KEEPING AS MANY OF ITS ORIGINAL
ELEMENTS AS POSSIBLE, THE MOST IMAGINATIVE SOLUTION ARE FREQUENTLY FOUND. IT IS
IMPORTANT TO EITHER FIT ANYTHING INSIDE THE EXISTING WALLS OR CONSTRUCT NEW
SPACE ON TOP OF WHAT IS ALREADY THERE IN THIS SITUATION. DAMAGE TO AN EXISTING
STRUCTURE MIGHT BE SEVERE IN SOME SITUATIONS.

IN THIS CASE, IT MAY BE WORTHWHILE TO KEEP SOME ORIGINAL ELEMENTS TO MAINTAIN

CONSISTENCY WITH SURROUNDING STRUCTURES. ONE OPTION TO GIVE THE AREA A NEW
PURPOSE WHILE CONSERVING THE LEGACY OF ITS PREDECESSOR IS TO INSTALL A NEWLY
MANUFACTURED SHELL INSIDE EXISTING WALLS.

18
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 HERITAGE CONSERVATION

IN THE MIDST OF THE URBAN SPRAWL, SURROUNDED BY HIGH AND LOW RISES, SLUMS
AND MARKETS, BUSY ROADS, AND HEAVY TRAFFIC, HISTORIC STRUCTURES THAT WERE
ONCE IMPORTANT, ENDURE WITH TIME, FORGOTTEN, NEGLECTED, DECAYING, AND
GRADUALLY LOSING THEIR CHARM. THE AWE-INSPIRING BEAUTY AND IMPACT, THE
STRUCTURES ONCE HAD FADED INSIDE AND OUTSIDE.
HERITAGE CONSERVATION IS A 'MOVEMENT,' NOT A SUBJECT. IT'S ABOUT RECREATING THE
IMPORTANCE OF THESE HISTORIC STRUCTURES IN TODAY'S WORLD, SPREADING
AWARENESS ABOUT THEM, AND PRESERVING AS MANY AS POSSIBLE, ABOUT BREATHING
NEW LIFE INTO THESE ABANDONED AND ERODING STRUCTURES. IN THE FACE OF
DECLINING ARCHITECTURAL STANDARDS AND PROFIT MOTIVATION IN THE PRESENT,
CONSERVATION IS BOUND TO CONTINUE PAST BUILDINGS AND LEGACIES INTO THE
FUTURE. THE ARTIFACTS OF THE FUTURE MUST BE SEEN AS VITAL AND CAPABLE OF
CHANGE WITHOUT LOSING THEIR ESSENTIAL QUALITY. IT'S NOT JUST AN ISSUE OF
AESTHETICS. CONSERVATION INVOLVES OUR PRIMARY VALUES.
THE CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS IS UNDERTAKEN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
UNESCO HERITAGE GUIDELINES AND PRINCIPLES, USING DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES AND
IDEAS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF DAMAGE THE BUILDING HAS SUFFERED. HERITAGE
CONSERVATION, AS A RESULT, SEEKS TO MAINTAIN AND THEREFORE INCREASE THE VALUE
OF BUILDINGS BY KEEPING THEIR ORIGINAL BUILT FORM AND ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS,
PREFERRING RESTORATION OVER REPLACEMENT, AND, WHEN RESTORATION IS
IMPOSSIBLE, RECREATING SCALE, PERIOD, AND CHARACTER.
THE HISTORIC STRUCTURE TO BE RESTORED IS PROPERLY DOCUMENTED FIRST BY
INSPECTING THE PREMISES, IDENTIFYING ITS CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE, ANALYZING ITS
CONSTRUCTION, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY BODIES, THE WORK OF RESTORATION IS
UNDERTAKEN ALONG WITH ADVOCATING THE USE OF LIKE-TO-LIKE MATERIALS AND SLIGHT
ADAPTIVE RE-USE-THE PROCESS OF REUSING A HERITAGE SITE OR BUILDING FOR A
PURPOSE OTHER THAN WHICH IT WAS BUILT OR DESIGNED-IS ONE OF THE MOST USEFUL
PROVEN TECHNIQUES UNDERTAKEN BY THE WORLD IN ORDER TO RESTORE THE
IMPORTANCE AND THEREFORE PRESERVE THE HERITAGE STRUCTURES.
WHEN RESTORING A HERITAGE STRUCTURE USING THE ADAPTIVE REUSE PRACTICE, IT
MUST BE ENSURED THAT THE FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE BEING INTRODUCED IN IT DOES NOT
CAUSE MISUSE OR OVERUSE, AND DOES NOT COMPROMISE THE STRUCTURE'S IDENTITY
AND CHARACTER, WHILE ACCOMMODATING THE REQUIREMENTS IN THE LEAST OBTRUSIVE
ADAPTIVE REUSE, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS A HERITAGE INTERIOR PRESERVATION PRACTICE.
THE MAJOR COMPROMISE MADE IN ORDER TO REGENERATE FUNCTION, OBVIOUSLY, IS
ALTERING THE INTERIORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS WHILE RESTORING THE EXTERIORS AND
FACADES.

19
HERITAGE INTERIORS ARE A COLLECTION OF ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES AND FINISHES
ORGANIZED IN SPACE WITHIN A HISTORIC BUILDING, AS WELL AS SITE-ASSOCIATED OR SITE-
APPROPRIATE FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS. IT CAN NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE
STRUCTURE IN WHICH IT IS PRESENT. BECAUSE THEY PHYSICALLY REPRESENT A PAST
MOMENT IN HISTORY, HERITAGE INTERIORS CAN PROVIDE EXTREMELY POWERFUL AND
EVOCATIVE INTERPRETIVE EXPERIENCES. TO AVOID UNNECESSARY INTERVENTIONS, THESE
AREAS NEED TO BE GIVEN SPECIAL ATTENTION. IF A CHANGE OF USE IN A HERITAGE
STRUCTURE IS APPROVED, EVERY EFFORT SHOULD BE MADE TO MINIMIZE THE LOSS OF
IMPORTANT INTERIOR SPACES. THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THAT THE
HERITAGE INTERIOR IS THE IMPORTANT BASE OF THE STRUCTURAL AND AESTHETIC
HERITAGE VALUE AND CAN NOT BE COMPROMISED IS ESSENTIAL.VARIOUS BODIES'
GUIDELINES AND PRINCIPLES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HERITAGE DO NOT APPEAR TO
PRIORITIZE THE HERITAGE INTERIORS AS A MAJOR BASIS FOR PRESERVATION.

THE AGENCIES IN INDIA CONCERNED WITH HERITAGE ARE UNDER THE MINISTRY OF URBAN
DEVELOPMENT, THE HERITAGE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE (HCC)
 HERITAGE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE (HCC) UNDER THE MINISTRY OF URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (ASI)
 STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENTS
 CITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
 INTACH- INDIAN NATIONAL TRUST FOR ART AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF INDIA
 AGA KHAN TRUST

3.2 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HERITAGE STRUCTURES

THE IMPORTANCE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN TERMS OF TRANSMITTING CULTURAL

IDENTITY TO FUTURE GENERATIONS CAN NOT BE OVERSTATED. THE RESEARCH AIMS TO
PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING ADAPTIVE REUSE
DECISION-MAKING AND TO DEVELOP A HOLISTIC MODEL FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE STRATEGIES
FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS WHERE BUILDINGS CAN NOT FUNCTION WITH THEIR ORIGINAL
USE. TO PRESERVE THE IMPORTANCE OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS, THE RESEARCH AIMS TO
PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING ADAPTIVE REUSE
DECISION-MAKING AND TO DEVELOP A HOLISTIC MODEL FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE STRATEGIES
FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS. TO BEGIN, KNOWLEDGE WAS GATHERED THROUGH A
LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONTENT ANALYSIS. THEN IN THE LIGHT OF THE IDENTIFICATION
FACTORS, SELECTED ADAPTIVE REUSE EXAMPLES ARE INVESTIGATED.
FINALLY, THE MODEL IS USED TO OFFER ADAPTIVE REUSE SOLUTIONS FOR HERITAGE
BUILDINGS THAT HAVE BEEN ABANDONED OR ARE NO LONGER IN USE. ON THE OTHER
SIDE, IT IS COMMON TO PRACTICE ASSESSING THE APPROPRIATENESS OF A NEW USE FOR

20
RE-PURPOSED HERITAGE BUILDINGS AND TO IDENTIFY ISSUES DURING THE DECISION-
MAKING PROCESS. TO SELECT THE MOST APPROPRIATE ADAPTIVE REUSE STRATEGY FOR
HERITAGE BUILDINGS, ALL FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED HOLISTICALLY.

3.3 HERITAGE PRESERVATION AND THE CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION

THE CONCEPT OF HERITAGE HAS EVOLVED FROM AN AESTHETIC, UNIQUE, AND

GOVERNMENTAL CONCEPT TO ORDINARY CULTURES OF THE PAST, EXPANDING THE
BOUNDARY OF PRESERVATION TO INCLUDE ORDINARY CULTURAL HERITAGES, NEW
MANUFACTURING ARCHITECTURES AND SITES, COMMON REMEMBRANCES, AND
TRADITIONAL SKILLS. THESE SHIFTS INCREASED THE CITY’S DEMAND FOR THE
PRESERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF ITS HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE.
UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE (WH) SYSTEM AS THE POLICY EXAMPLE GIVEN ONGOING
EFFECTOR BY UNESCO’S WORLD HERITAGE CENTER, THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR
CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN), THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE
PRESERVATION RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY (ICCROM), AND ICOMOS TO BOTH
A) RAISE AWARENESS OF CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS TO NATURAL AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
B) DEVELOP MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE FOR ADAPTATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT.
THAT PERSISTENT TRANSFORMATION FOCUSES ON INNOVATION THROUGH THE
REGENERATION OF HERITAGE VALUES AS A RESULT OF DEGRADATION OR DESTRUCTION
CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS. THE FORMULATION AND APPLICATION OF TOOLS,
INNOVATIONS, AND MATERIALS THAT MAINTAIN OR REESTABLISH TANGIBLE HERITAGE
ASSETS THAT EXPRESS THE ORIGINAL VALUES WITH THE SMALLEST DETECTABLE CHANGE
CONSTITUTE INNOVATION IN THIS CONTEXT.
Equation 1 RESILIENCE AND TRANSFORMATION OF HERITAGE SITES TO ACCOMMODATE FOR LOSS AND LEARNING IN A
CHANGING CLIMATE.

3.4 MODERN CONCERN ABOUT PRESERVING BUILT HERITAGE

21
THE DISTINCTION OF OBJECTS AND STRUCTURES FROM THE PAST AS HERITAGE AS WELL AS
POLICIES RELATED TO THEIR PROTECTION HAVE EVOLVED ALONGSIDE MODERNITY, AND
THIS IS NOW REGARDED AS AN ESSENTIAL NEED AND PERSONAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF
MODERN SOCIETY. SINCE THE 18TH CENTURY, THE AIM OF THIS SAFEGUARD HAS BEEN
DESCRIBED AS THE PRESERVATION OF HUMANITY’S CULTURE AND HERITAGE, AND THIS HAS
SLOWLY EXPANDED TO INCLUDE NOT ONLY HISTORIC RUINS AND PAST WORKS OF ART, BUT
EVEN A WHOLE THEORIES FOR A RANGE OF NEW RESULTS MEASURED IN RECENT DECADES.
FOR INSTANCE, IN ITS MEDIUM-TERM PROGRAMME OF 1989, UNESCO DEFINED THE FULL
SCOPE OF SUCH HERITAGE IN THE FOLLOWING:” THE CULTURAL HERITAGE MAY BE DEFINED
AS ENTIRE CORPUS OF MATERIAL SIGNS- EITHER ARTISTIC OR SYMBOLIC-HANDED ON BY
THE PAST TO EACH CULTURE AND THEREFORE TO THE WHOLE HUMANKIND. AS A
CONSTITUENT PART OF THE AFFIRMATION AND ENRICHMENT OF CULTURAL IDENTITIES AS
A LEGACY BELONGING TO ALL HUMANKIND, THCULTURALRE HERITAGE GIVES EACH
PARTICULAR PLACE ITS RECOGNIZABLE FEATURES AND IS THE STOREHOUSE OF HUMAN
EXPERIENCE E. THE PRESENTATION AND THE PRESERVATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE
ARE THEREFORE A CORNERSTONE OF ANY CULTURAL POLICY”.
WEATHER, THE AGEING PROCESS, AND CONSUMPTION BY USE ALL CONTRIBUTE TO THE
CONTINUOUS DEGRADATION OF BUILT HERITAGE. BUILDING CAN ALSO BE ALTERED DUE TO
CHANGES IN FUNCTION, TASTE, OR FASHION.
ONE OF MODERN SOCIETY’S MAJOR CONCERNS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IS THE
PRESERVATION, RESTORATION, AND CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE, AS WELL AS POLICIES
RELATED TO ITS PROTECTION. THE MODERN CONSERVATION MOVEMENT HAS BEEN
IDENTIFIED AS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH THE CONCEPT AND POLICIES EMERGED.
THE ASTONISHMENT CAUSED BY RUDE AND DISRESPECTFUL CHANGES IN FAMILIAR PLACES,
THE DESTRUCTION, AND DEMOLITION OF WELL-KNOWN HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OR
BEAUTIFUL WORKS OF ART MUCH OF THESE CATASTROPHIC CHANGES HAVE BEEN
BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE SAME TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHED THE
STARTING TO EMERGE MODERN AGE SOCIETY.

3.5 KEYWORDS

3.5.1 ABANDONED BUILDINGS

BUILDING ADAPTATION IS ANY WORK DONE TO A STRUCTURE OTHER THAN ROUTINE
MAINTENANCE TO CHANGE ITS CAPACITY, FUNCTION, OR PERFORMANCE THE PROCESS OF
CHANGING A LOCATION FOR COMPATIBLE USAGE WHILE PRESERVING ITS CULTURAL-
HISTORICAL VALUE IS REFERRED TO AS ADAPTATION.ALTERATION.ALTERATION AND
ADDITION ARE TWO ADAPTATION PROCESSES. OF MODIFYING A LOCATION TO
ACCOMMODATE A CURRENT OR PROJECT PURPOSE.
STRUCTURES THAT ARE EITHER UNOCCUPIED, WHERE THE LEGAL OWNER CAN NOT BE
LOCATED OR TRACKED, AND WHERE THERE IS NO POINT WHERE THE CONDITION OF THE
BUILDING CONSTITUTES A HEALTH AND SAFETY DANGER TO THE PROPERTY’S TENANTS OR
THE OCCUPANTS OF THE SURROUNDING BUILDINGS. THE PROMOTER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
22
PROVIDING AND MAINTAINING NECESSARY SERVICES IN THE PROJECT UNTIL THE
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANISATION TAKES OVER THE PROJECT’S
MAINTENANCE WHEN THE PROJECT’S COMPLETION CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED.

Figure 1 LYNNWOOD HALL

3.5.2 HERITAGE BUILDINGS

IT IS SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN PASSED DOWN FROM GENERATION TO
GENERATION.ANY PLACE THAT HAS TO BE MAINTAINED AND /OR PRESERVED FOR
HISTORICAL ,ARCHITECTURAL, ARTISTIC, CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, OR ECOLOGICAL
REASONS IS REFERRED TO AS A “HERITAGE PRECINCT”.WALLS OR OTHER LIMITS OF THAT
REGION, SITE, OR STRUCTURE MAY ENCLOSE AN IMAGINARY LINE DRAWN AROUND THE
SPOT.
HISTORIC STRUCTURES IN ANY CITY THAT STOOD THE TEST OF TIME AND ARE STILL
STANDING STRONG IN THE FACE OF TRAGEDIES EXHIBIT THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF
THAT CITY. HERITAGE STRUCTURES ARE THOSE THAT ARE HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT, AND
AUTHORITIES TAKE PARTICULAR PRECAUTIONS TO CONSERVE THEM. A LEGACY STRUCTURE
MUST BE PRESERVED DUE TO ITS HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, CULTURAL, OR AESTHETIC
VALUE. A LEGACY STRUCTURE MUST BE CONSERVED DUE TO ITS HISTORICAL,
ARCHITECTURAL, CULTURAL, AESTHETIC, OR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SITES, RUINS, AND ARTIFACTS ARE AMONG THE WORLD HERITAGE LOCATIONS.
THE IMPORTANCE AND TYPES OF HERITAGE STRUCTURES ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT
FACTORS IN CLASSIFYING THEM. SYSTEM FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LEGACY INTO DIFFERENT
CATEGORIES BASED ON ITS PHYSICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC VALUE.

23
 Table 1HERITAGE BUILDING CLASSIFICATION

Figure 2 TAJ MAHAL

3.5.3 CONSERVATION
MAINTENANCE, PRESERVATION, RESTORATION, RECONSTRUCTION, AND ADOPTION, OR A
MIX OF MORE THAN ONE OF THESE HERITAGE PROCESSES, ARE ALL PART OF THE PROCESS
OF LOOKING AFTER A PLACE TO PRESERVE ITS HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AESTHETIC,
AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE. RENOVATION IS A TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AIMED AT
CONSTRUCTING STRUCTURES. IT ENTAILS TAKING PHYSICAL STEPS TO PROTECT THE FABRIC
AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES. IT IS A METHOD OF
PREVENTING THE DEGRADATION WTO EXTENDS THE LIFE OF THE STRUCTURES. HISTORIC
PRESERVATION EFFORTS CAN BE GREEN, ACCORDING TO AN ARTICLE. CONSERVATION IS

24
DEFINED AS A PROCEDURE THAT PRESERVES, PROTECTS, AND MAINTAINS SOMETHING
DURING A PHYSICAL CHANGE.
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION IS THE PROCESS OF USING CAREFULLY REGULATED
INTERVENTIONS TO PRESERVE A STRUCTURE’S MATERIAL, HISTORY, AND DESIGN
INTEGRITY. THE ACT OF CONSERVING OR PREVENTING CHANGE, LOSS, INJURY, OR OTHER
HARM IS KNOWN AS PRESERVATION. IT EXPLORES THE HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION
OF EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE PRESERVATION OF A RICH ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE.
CONSERVATOR AND RESTORER OF ARCHITECTURAL WORKS, A PERSON WHO WORKS IN THE
FIELD OF CONSERVATION IS KNOWN AS AN ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATOR-RESTORER.

3.5.3.1 CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES

2 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE IS PRESERVED OR RESTORED

3 RESEARCH-ACCURATE RESERVATION PROCESS
4 PHYSICAL PRESENTING NATION TO THE BARE MINIMUM
5 MAINTAINING THE VISUAL ENVIRONMENT

Figure 3 BEFORE AND AFTER OF KUND STEP WELL DURING CONSERVATION

Figure 4 BEFORE AND AFTER OF KUND STEP WELLS DURING CONSERVATION

25
3.5.4 ADAPTIVE REUSE
THE ORIGINAL ROLES OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES HAVE OUTLIVED THEM. ADAPTIVE REUSE IS
A TECHNIQUE FOR MODIFYING STRUCTURES FOR NEW USES WHILE KEEPING THEIR
HISTORIC QUALITIES.
IN ADAPTIVE REUSE TERMINOLOGY, THE TERM” REUSE” REFERS TO A STRUCTURE THAT
WAS FORMERLY UTILISED FOR A FUNCTION THAT HAS SINCE BECOME OUTDATED. AS A
RESULT, IT NECESSITATES THE POSSIBILITY OF REUSE. THE TERM “ADAPTIVE” REFERS TO THE
FACT THAT IT CAN BE UTILISED FOR ANY PURPOSE THAT IS INTEGRATED WITHIN IT. IN
ADDITION, THE NEW USW MUST BE APPROPRIATE FOR THE BUILDING SCALE, LOCATION,
AND MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTER. THE GOAL ISN’T MERELY TO IMITATE THE PAS BUT TO
BUILD SOMETHING THAT IS BOTH USEFUL AND BEAUTIFUL IN THE PRESENT. REPURPOSING
OR RESTORING A HISTORIC BUILDING THAT HAS OUTLINED ITS INTENDED USE IS REFERRED
TO AS ADAPTIVE REUSE.
REPURPOSING OR RESTORING A HISTORIC BUILDING THAT HAS OUTLINED ITS INTENDED
USE IS REFERRED TO AS ADAPTIVE REUSE. ADAPTIVE REUSE GIVES AN ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURE A NEW LEASE ON LIFE WHILE CONSERVING ITS HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL
RELEVANCE.
ADAPTIVE REUSE, ACCORDING TO SCHEMING, HAS BEEN WIDELY APPLIED IN A VARIETY OF
BUILDING TYPES ALL OVER THE WORLD.FURTHERMORE, ADAPTIVE REUSE OR
REFURBISHMENT IS BASED ON THE IDEA OF ADAPTING, RECYCLING AND REPURPOSING AN
EXISTING STRUCTURE TO MEET OUR COMMUNITY’S CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES

Figure 5 PEPPER HOUSE, KOCHI

3.5.5 RESTORATION
RESTORATION MEANS AND INCLUDES RETURNING THE EXISTING FABRIC OF A PLACE TO
KNOWN EARLIER STATED BY REMOVING ACCRETIONS OR BY REASSEMBLING. EXISTING

26
COMPONENTS WITHOUT INTRODUCING NEW MATERIALS, INACCURATE RATE AND
HEALING, REARING. PRESENTING THE STATE OF A HISTORIC PLACE AS IT APPEARED AT A
PERIOD IN ITS HISTORY. REPLACEMENT OF MISSING OR DECAYED PARTS MUST INTEGRATE
HARMONIOUSLY WITH THE WHOLE BUT BE MUST DISTINGUISHABLE ON CLOSE INSPECTION
FROM THE ORIGINAL SO THAT THE RESTORATION DOESN’T FALSIFY ARCHAEOLOGICAL OR
HISTORIC EVIDENCE.

Figure 6 RESTORATION OF QUTAB MINAR

3.5.6 RECONSTRUCTION
RECONSTRUCTION MEANS AND INCLUDES RETURNING A PLACE AS NEARLY AS POSSIBLE TO
BE KNOWN EARLIER STATE AND DISTINGUISHED BY THE INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS
INTO FABRIC. THIS SHALL NOT INCLUDE EITHER RECONSTRUCTION.
IT REFERS TO RESTORING A LOCATION AS CLOSELY AS FEASIBLE TO A PREVIOUSLY KNOWN
STATE AS DISTINGUISHED BY THE INCORPORATION OF MATERIALS INTO THE FABRIC.NEW
MATERIALS CAN INCLUDE RECYCLED MATERIAL RESCUED FROM OTHER LOCATIONS. THIS
SHOULD NOT BE DONE AT THE EXPENSE OF ANY CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT SITE, AND IT
SHOULD NOT INCLUDE RECREATION OR SPECULATIVE REBUILDING

27
 Figure 7 RECONSTRUCTION OF MUMBAI TAJMAHAL PALACE AFTER AN ATTACK

3.5.7 PRESERVATION
IT INVOLVES WITH THE PROTECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND STABILIZATION OF THE EXISTING
FORM MATERIAL AND INTEGRITY OF A HISTORICAL PLACE.
THE ACT OR PRACTICE OF TAKING STEPS TO MAINTAIN A HISTORIC PROPERTY’S PRESENT
SHAPE, INTEGRITY, AND MATERIALS IS KNOWN AS PRESERVATION. WORK FOCUSES ON
CONTINUING MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF HISTORIC MATERIALS AND FEATURES RATHER
THAN SIGNIFICANT REPLACEMENT AND NEW CONSTRUCTION, INCLUDING REPARATORY
EFFORTS TO PROTECT AND STABILISE THE SITE. ALTHOUGH NEW EXTERNAL ADDITIONS ARE
NOT INCLUDED IN THIS TREATMENT, RESTRICTED AND SENSITIVE UPGRADES TO
MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND PLUMBING SYSTEMS, AS WELL AS OTHERS CODE-REQUIRED
TO WORK AND MAKE PROPERTIES FUNCTION WITH APPROPRIATE WITHIN A PRESERVATION
PROJECT.

3.5.8 REVITALIZATION
A PROCESS OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF A CIVIC AREA OF
ONE’S NEIGHBORHOOD. HERITAGE AREA REVITALIZATION CONCENTRATES ON HISTORIC
BUILDINGS AND OTHER HERITAGE RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND
CULTURAL OBJECTIVES.

28
 Figure 8 QUTAB SHAHI TOMBS

3.5.9 RENOVATION
RENOVATION IS REFURBISHING AND / OR ADDING TO THE APPEARANCE OF AN ORIGINAL
BUILDING OR ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING IN AN ATTEMPT TO RENEW ITS APPEARANCE IN
KEEPING WITH CONTEMPORARY TASTES AND PERCEPTIONS OF CONSERVATION.
RENOVATION MEANS IMPROVING BY REPAIRING, REVIVING, AND THEREBY ENHANCING THE
USEFULNESS AND APPEARANCE OF THE BUILDING. THE BASIC CHARACTER AND
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES ARE RESPECTED AND PRESERVED BUT ALTERATIONS MAY TAKE A
GENERALLY REVERSIBLE PLACE.

Figure 9 HUMAYUN'S TOMB

29
 CHAPTER 4

4.1 SITE

KOCH IS A PORT CITY ON INDIA’S SOUTHWEST COAST, IN THE TSE STATE OF KERALA. THE
CITY IS LOCATED AT THE CONFLUENCE OF SEVEN MAJOR RIVERS THAT ORIGINATES IN
WESTERN GHTASAND FLOW THROUGH KERALA’S MIDLANDS, LOWLANDS, AND COASTAL
REGIONS BEFORE EMPTYING INTO THE ARABIAN SEA.PREVIOUS, KOCHI REFERRED TO THE
TERRITORY THAT INCLUDES MATTANCHERRY, FORT KOCHI, MUNDAMVELI, AND
THOPPUMPADI. KOCHI NOW CONSISTS OF THE MAINLAND ERNAKULAM, OLD KOCHI,
KADAVANTHARA, EDAPALLY THE SUBURBS AND THE EXURBIA OF KALAMASSERY AND
KAKKANAD TO THE NORT EAST, TRIPUNITHRA TO THE SOUTHEAST, AND A CLUSTER OF
ISLANDS IN THE VEMBANAD LAKE. BOLGATTY IS A PIECE OF LAND COVERED BY WATER IN
VEMBANAD LAKE.
KOCH’S CLIMATE IS TROPICAL IN GENERAL, WITH NO EXTREMES. TEMPERATURE TROPICAL
MONSOON CLIMATE PREVAILS THROUGHOUT THE CITY. SURFACE TEMPERATURES RANGES
FROM TWENTY DEGREE CELSIUS TO THIRTY-FIVE DEGREE CELSIUS. THE CURRENT RECORD
WITH HIGH TEMPERATURE IS THIRTY-EIGHT DEGREES CELCIUS. WHILE THE LOWEST IS
SEVENTY DEGREES CELSIUS. DUE TO THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON, LIGHT SHOWERS ARE
COMMON FROM OCTOBER THROUGH DECEMBER. THE AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL IS
350SM.WITH 132 RAINY DAYS O AVERAGE. THE WINDS ARE MILD, INCREASING SLIGHTLY IN
THE SUMMER AND MONSOON SEASONS.

Figure 10 BOLGATTY PALCE TOP VIEW

30
 Figure 11 BOLGATTY PALCE DETAILED VIEW

THE PALACE, WHICH IS SITUATED ON THE EIGHT ACRES WITH WELL-KEPT GRASS AND BIG
TREES, REEKS OF DUTCH DESIGN. THE WOODEN RESIDENCE STANDS OUT AGAINST THE
LOVELY SURROUNDINGS, WITH LARGE HALLS, STURDY PILLARS, A TILED ROOF, AND
WOODEN FRAMED GLASS WINDOWS. A NINE-HOLE GOLF COURSE, WHICH IS CREATED IN
1923, SURROUNDS THE PALACE. THE PROPERTY IS CLOSE TO A MAJOR PRK, HAS THE EVENT
CENTER NEAR THE MAIN ENTRANCE PROVIDED WITH SEPARATE PARKING FACILITIES
PROVIDED, A CONVENTION CENTER WITH MAXIMUM VOLUME AT THE EDGE, MARINA
HOMES FACING THE MARINE DRIVE WHICH PROVIDES WITH BEAUTIFUL VIEW, TWO
COTTAGES IN CYLINDER FORM IS LOCATED AND BEHIND THE PALACE FACING VEMBANAD
WATER BODY. THE PALACE IS CLOSE TO ERNAKULAM ST. MARY’S CATHEDRAL BASILICA AND
MANGALAVANAMBIRD SANCTUARY. BOLGATTY PLACE IS WELL KNOWN FOR ITS STUNNING
VIEWS, BUT THERE ARE MANY STUNNING TOURIST ATTRACTIONS NEARBY, INCLUDING
MARINE DRIVE, DURBAR HALLART GALLERY, FORT KOCHI, SYNAGOGUE, JEW TOWN,
WILLINGTON ISLAND, MATTANCHERRY PALACE, AND A SLEW OF OTHER ATTRACTIONS.

Figure 12 BOLGATTY PALCE SIDE VIEW

31
4.2 HISTORY

THE DUTCH ARRIVED IN INDIA IN THE EARLY 17TH CENTURY, AND THEIR IMPACT AND
DOMINANCE ARE MOST VISIBLE IN KERALA, THOUGH THEY ALSO OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
ALONG THE SOUTHERN COROMANDEL COAST AND GUJARAT.HOWEVER, THE DUTCH
ARCHITECTURE CAN BE FOUND THROUGHOUT KERALA, PARTICULARLY IN KOCHI. THE
BOLGATTY PALACE IN KOCHI IS ONE OF THE OLDEST DUTCH PALACES OUTSIDE OF HOLLAND
OTHER NOTABLE DUTCH ARCHITECTURE RELICS IN KERALA INCLUDE ST. FRANCIS CHURCH,
OLD HARBOUR HOTEL, THE DUTCH STOREHOUSE, AND THE HEADQUARTERS ARCHITECTURE
WITHIN FORT KOCHI.PULLICAT ON THE EASTERN COAST, WAS THE FIRST DUTCH OUTPOST
IN INDIA AND IS STILL HOME TO A TOURIST-DRAWING DUTCH CEMETERY.

Figure 13 BOLGATTY IN OLD FRAME

OUTSIDE OF HOLLAND, BOLGATTY PALACE IS THE LARGEST DUTCH PALACE EVER BUILT. IN
COCHIN, THISPALACEIS STILL A FAMOUS TOURIST DESTINATION.IN 1740 AD, THE
ERNAKULAM KING GRANTED PERMISSION TO CONSTRUCT THIS PALACE FOR ECONOMIC
INTERESTS. THE PORTUGUESE, FRENCH, AND BRITISH USED THIS PALACE AS THEIR HOME
AND OFFICE DURING THE IMPERIALIST COLONIAL STRUGGLES. SEVERAL COLONIAL
GOVERNORS RESTED HERE ON THEIR WAY TO INDIA. THIS WAS ALSO USED AS A GUEST
HOUSE FOR EAST INDIA COMPANY OFFICIALS FOR SOME TIM E.UNTIL INDEPENDENCE, IT
WAS UNDER THE COMPANY’S AUTHORITY. THE KERALA STATE
ARCHAEOLOGICADEPARTMENTNT THEN LOOK OVER THE PALACE AND PROCLAIMED IT A
HISTORIC MONUMENT. BOLGATTY PALACE HAS NOW BEECONVERTEDED INTO A HERITAGE
HOTEL AND RESORT.

32
 Figure 14 BOLGATTY PALCE

THE OLDEST DUTCH-STYLE PALACE OUTSIDE OF THE KINGDOM OF HOLLAND IS BOLGATTY

PALACE. THE PALACE WAS BUILT IN 1744 BY A DUTCH TRADER. IT WAS AFTERWARD
RESTORED WITH NEW GRASS AND A VARIETY OF OTHER ENHANCEMENTS. THE OFFICIAL
RESIDENCE OF THE DUTCH GOVERNOR WAS THE PALACE. THE BOLGATTY PALACE HAS
BEAUTIFUL INTERIORS WITH A TILED ROOF AND TIMBERED FARM WINDOWS THAT GIVE IT A
RUSTIC LOOK. THE PALACE HALLS AND ROOMS ARE MAGNIFICENT AND EXUDE A ROYAL
VIBE, AND SOME OF THEM ARE TRULY VALUABLE, THANKS TO THEIR LUXURIOUS
FURNITURE. THE AREA WAS LEASED TO THE BRITISH BY THE KING OF KOCHI IN 1909. IN
1976, THE KERALA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION TOOK OVER THE PROPERTY’S
MANAGEMENT AND TURNED IT INTO A HISTORIC HOTEL.
THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY PURCHASED THE PALACE. IN 1909, THE KING OF
COCHIN PURCHASED THE PALACE FOR THR ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY. DURING
BRITISH RULE, THE PALACE WAS THE RESIDENCE OF BRITISH ADMINISTRATORS. WHEN
INDIA GAINED INDEPENDENCE IN 1947, THE PALACE BECAME A PART OF THE INDIAN
RULER.KTDC IN 1976, THIS PALACE WAS BUILT. LATER, IT WAS TURNED INTO A HOTEL.
MALAYALAM FILMS ARE ALSO SHOT IN THE MAGNIFICANT PALACE. IN 2001, THE KTDC
RENOVATED THE PALACE.
BOLGATTY ISLAND IS A SMALL ISLAND OFF THE COAST OF KOCHI. IT’S A PEACEFUL REFUGE
AMID KOCHI’S HECTIC CITY. ON THIS FASCINATING ISLAND, THE KTDC RESORT BOLGATTY
PALACE AND ISLAND RESORT IS LOCATED.

4.3 ACCESS TO THE SITE

EARLIER TO REACH THE SITE THE ONLY MODE OF ACCESS IS WATER BODIES (VEMBANAD
LAKE) AS THE YEAR PASSED AND CHANGES IN USERS NEW MODES OF ACCESS ARE REACHED
NEAR THE SITE LIKE BY ROAD. NOW BOLGATTY PALACE IS SITUATED NEARBY HYATT
BOLGATTY WHERE THERE IS A HELIPAD. INSIDE BOLGATTY POPULAR DESTINATION FOR
LUXURY CRUISE LINES. KOCHI HAS GROWN IN POPULARITY AS A SEA-BASED ADVENTURE
TOURISM DESTINATION DURING THE PREVIOUS DECADE. EVERY YEAR, ON AVERAGE, 100

33
YACHTS VISIT KOCHI, THE MOST OF WHICH ARE FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SUCH AS THE
UNITED KINGDOM, FINLAND, AND NORWAY, WITH NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA AS
EXCEPTIONS. BOLGATTY PALACE WITH AN AREA OF 3,542.63 METERS SQUARE.
.

4.4 DUTCH ARCHITECTURE

THE DUTCH ARE REGARDED AS EXPERTS IN ARCHITECTURE AND SPACE UTILISATION. DUTCH
ARCHITECTS, WHO ARE ALSO NOTED FOR THEIR UNCONVENTIONAL THINKING, HAVE HAD A
GREATER IMPACT ON THE FIELD OF ART AND CONSTRUCTION THAN ANYBODY ELSE OVER
TIME. THEIR IDEAS AND DESIGNS HAVE EXTENDED THROUGHOUT EUROPE AND BEYOND,
FROM THE ORIGINAL SOMBER CATHEDRALS TO THE ELEGANT MODERN CONSTRUCTIONS.

Figure 15 BOLGATTY ISLAND AROUND VEMBANAD LAKE

THREE DIFFERENT ERAS OF ARCHITECTURE THE FIRST WAS DURING THE DUTCH EMPIRE'S
GOLDEN PERIOD (17TH CENTURY) WHEN IT WAS AT ITS PINNACLE OF POWER. THE SECOND
OCCURRED IN THE EARLY PART OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, DURING THE RISE OF
MODERNISM. THE THIRD CATEGORY INCLUDES THE NUMEROUS MODERN DUTCH
ARCHITECTS WHO ARE CURRENTLY GAINING WORLDWIDE FAME.

THE MOST NOTABLE ELEMENT OF THE BUILDING ARE THE UNIFORMITY OF THE FAÇADE.
EACH FACADE IS THE SAME, REPLICATING ITSELF AROUND THE BUILDING. THE DUTCH
ARCHITECTS USED NATURAL MATERIALS TO EXPRESS THE ROYAL GRANT FEELINGS. THE
BENEFITS OF BOTH THE GABLE AND HIP ROOFS ARE COMBINED IN THE DUTCH GABLE ROOF,
WHICH ALSO ADDS ARCHITECTURAL FLAIR. WHEN COMPARED TO A NORMAL GABLE ROOF,

34
A HIP-FRAMED ROOF HAS LESS ATTIC AREA FOR A GIVEN ROOF PITCH. IN THE 16TH
CENTURY, GABLE ROOFS WERE ALREADY COMMON IN FLANDERS, OWING TO THE
ARCHITECTURAL TRADITION OF A REGION WITH A WET CLIMATE AND BRICK AS THE MOST
READILY AVAILABLE BUILDING MATERIAL. DUE TO THE RELATIVE SCARCITY OF WOOD, ITS
USE WAS OFTEN OPTIMISED, COMBINING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE ROOFS AND
THE ABILITY TO FIT OUT HABITABLE ATTICS.

Figure 16 REPEATED SASH GLASS PATTERNS

BOLGATTY PALACE CONSISTS OF FOUR ROOMS WHERE TWO ROOMS ABOVE AND TWO
ROOMS BELOW. CEILINGS ARE DETAILED IN WOOD WITH DETAILED CARVINGS AND OLD
MURAL PAINTINGS CAN BE ALSO SEEN.
HAVE TWO COTTAGES OUTSIDE APART FROM THE PALACE AND HAVE A COTTAGE FACING
MARINE DRIVE CALLED KOCHIINTERNAL MARINA WITH CLASSY ROOMS. THE HEIGHT OF THE
PALACE IS BIF ENOUGH WITH 2 STORY HEIGHT PROVIDED WITH MURAL PAINTING AND
ANIMAL HANGING ARE ALSO PLACED, PROVIDED WITH POLISHED WOODEN FLOORING,
HAVING POOL FACILITY, GOLF CLUB EVENT CENTER, AND CONVENTION CENTRE.
CHANDELIER LIGHTING IS PLACED IN DIFFERENT INTERVALS IN WARM SHADES IN DIFFERENT
PATTERNS WITH DIFFERENT SIZES. THERE WILL ALSO INCLUDE A GOLF COURSE, A
SWIMMING POOL, A SPA, A FITNESS CLUB, A RESTAURANT, AND A BEER PARLOUR.

Figure 17 INSIDE VIEW OF NALLUKETTU

35
 Figure 18 PATHWAY INDOOR

Figure 19 BEAUTIFUL CHANDELIER HANGED

4.5 KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA

LOCATED ON THE EASTERN COAST OF BOLGATTY ISLAND IS THE "KOCHI INTERNATIONAL

MARINA" - THE FIRST FULL-FLEDGED MARINA OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN INDIA.
THE MARINA PROVIDES A BERTHING FACILITY FOR 34 YACHTS AND ALSO OFFERS SERVICES
LIKE WATER, ELECTRICITY AND SEWAGE PUMP-OUTS ETC. THE MARINA HOUSE, BUILT IN
THE TRADITIONAL KERALA ARCHITECTURAL STYLE, SERVES AS A STATION FOR VESSELS TO
REFUEL AND REPLENISH THEIR STORES.
THE KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA FIRST OPENED ITS DOORS ON APRIL 24, 2010. IT IS
INDIA'S FIRST FULL-FLEDGED MARINA TO MEET INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.KTDC IS THE
OWNER AND OPERATOR OF THE MARINA. IT WAS CARRIED OUT FOR AND ON BEHALF OF
KTDC BY KITCO (FORMERLY KERALA INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY
36
ORGANISATION). GULF MARINAS, SITUATED IN SHARJAH'S HAMRIYAH FREE ZONE,
COMPLETED THE PROJECT UNDER KITCO'S SUPERVISION. OCEAN BLUE, A MUMBAI-BASED
COMPANY, IS NOW IN CHARGE OF THE MARINA. A TOTAL OF 34 YACHTS CAN BE BERTHED
IN THE KOCHI MARINA. THE NUMBER OF SLOTS WILL BE INCREASED TO 50. A THREE-STORY
ADDITION ON THE NORTH-EASTERN SIDE OF THE BOLGATTY PALACE HOTEL HAS BEEN
COMPLETED TO HOUSE SAILORS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD. KTDC SPENT RS 8.21 CRORE
ON PHASE 1 OF THE PROJECT, WITH RS 4 CRORE IN CENTRAL FUNDING. A TWO-LANE ROAD
LINKING THE MAINLAND TO THE ISLAND HAS ALSO BEEN COMPLETED. YACHT REPAIR AND
MAINTENANCE SERVICES ARE ALSO PROVIDED AT THE MARINA.
KOCHI IS A GREAT BERTHING PLACE FOR YACHTS COMING FROM THE WEST, CROSSING THE
SUEZ CANAL ON THEIR WAY TO ASIA'S NORTHEAST. THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO
INTERMEDIATE BERTHING FACILITIES AVAILABLE FOR YACHTS DEPARTING DUBAI ON THEIR
WAY TO LOCATIONS IN THE FAR EAST. KOCHI IS ONE OF THE BEST NATURAL PORTS IN ASIA,
AND DUBAI PORTS WORLD IS BUILDING AN INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSHIPMENT
TERMINAL THERE, BARELY 11 NAUTICAL MILES FROM THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME
ROUTE.

Figure 20 KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA

KOCHI HAS RECENTLY BEEN A POPULAR DESTINATION FOR LUXURY CRUISE LINES. KOCHI
HAS GROWN IN POPULARITY AS A SEA-BASED ADVENTURE TOURISM DESTINATION DURING
THE PREVIOUS DECADE. EVERY YEAR, ON AVERAGE, 100 YACHTS VISIT KOCHI, THE MOST OF
WHICH ARE FROM EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SUCH AS THE UNITED KINGDOM, FINLAND, AND
NORWAY, WITH NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA AS EXCEPTIONS. THE COCHIN PORT TRUST
IS ALSO CONSTRUCTING A CRUISE TERMINAL ON WILLINGTON ISLAND, WHICH IS CLOSE BY.
KOCHI IS PREFERRED BY MORE ADVENTUROUS SEAMEN SINCE IT IS THE CLOSEST PORT ON
THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ROUTE BETWEEN THE WEST AND THE EAST. THE MARINA
WILL FEATURE AMENITIES FOR YACHT REPAIRS AS WELL AS FILLING UP ON FUEL AND FOOD.
THERE WILL ALSO INCLUDE A GOLF COURSE, A SWIMMING POOL, A SPA, A FITNESS CLUB, A
RESTAURANT, AND A BEER PARLOUR.

37
THE PROJECT'S MAIN APPEAL IS FLOATING DOCKS BUILT ON CONCRETE BEAMS. A
BOARDWALK - A WOODEN PLATFORM JUTTING INTO THE BACK SEAS - HAS ALSO BEEN SET
UP TO ALLOW OTHER PEOPLE TO VIEW THE SHIPS. IN THE SECOND PHASE, 16 MORE DOCKS
WOULD BE BUILT, AS WELL AS NEW FACILITIES ON 2 ACRES OF RECLAIMED LAND ADJACENT
TO THE ISLAND. KOCHI IS AN IDEAL BERTHING PLACE FOR YACHTS TRAVELING FROM THE
WEST TO THE FAR EAST. THERE ARE NO BERTHING STATIONS FOR YACHTS WHEN THEY
LEAVE DUBAI UNTIL THEY REACH THE FAR EAST. THE KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA
SOLVES A LONG-STANDING ISSUE. KOCHI IS ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST STUNNING
NATURAL PORTS. THE INTERNATIONAL MARINE ROUTE IS ONLY AROUND 11 NAUTICAL
MILES AWAY FROM COCHIN PORT. THE KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA IS A POPULAR
TOURIST DESTINATION AS A RESULT OF THIS.

Figure 21 MARINA YACHT SPOT (strange (2003))

KOCHI, AS A PORT CITY, HAS EVOLVED INTO A POPULAR DESTINATION FOR SEAFARING
ADVENTURE TOURISM IN THE LAST DECADE. EVERY YEAR, ABOUT 100 YACHTS VISIT KOCHI.
KOCHI IS BECOMING THE MOST POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION, THANKS TO A SLEW OF
LUXURY CRUISE COMPANIES. KOCHI'S ENTIRE ASPECT WILL BE TRANSFORMED BY THE
KOCHI INTERNATIONAL MARINA. THE EXISTENCE OF THE MARINA WILL HELP TO
STRENGTHEN KOCHI'S TOURISM ECONOMY.

5. CONCLUSION

WHEN A BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED WITH A CERTAIN PURPOSE IN MIND, IT RUNS THE RISK
OF BECOMING OBSOLETE WHEN THE NECESSITY CHANGES. AT THE SAME TIME, WHEN A
STRUCTURE IS OPEN-ENDED AND ONLY FUNCTIONS AS A SHELL, IT FAILS TO ATTRACT
PEOPLE'S ATTENTION. AS A RESULT, THROUGHOUT THE EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN, IT IS
CRITICAL TO COMPREHEND THE CONTEXT. EVEN IF EVERY EFFORT IS MADE TO ENSURE THE
BUILDING'S LONG-TERM VIABILITY, IT IS POSSIBLE FOR IT TO BECOME OUTMODED.

38
IN SUCH CASES OF ABANDONMENT, THE APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE BUILDING'S
DESTINY IS CRITICAL. THE BUILDING'S LIFESPAN IS COMPARABLE TO THAT OF A HUMAN,
SPECIFICALLY "CRADLE TO GRAVE PENNED." EVERYTHING A DESIGNER CAN DO TO EXTEND
THE LIFE OF A STRUCTURE MUST BE DONE.
THIS IS SIMPLY DUE TO THE FACT THAT THE STRUCTURE HAS ALREADY BEEN CONSTRUCTED,
IT IS WELL CONNECTED, AND IT COLLAPSED DUE TO A CHANGE IN THE POLITICAL,
ECONOMIC, OR CULTURAL CONTEXT. IF THE BUILDING HAS BECOME OBSOLETE AS A RESULT
OF A STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN, THE INVESTMENT IN ITS FUTURE IS DOUBTFUL.
BUILDINGS WITH A SOLID FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURAL STRUCTURE ARE THE GREATEST
CANDIDATES FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE. THEY'VE BEEN IN THEIR CURRENT PLACE FOR A LONG
TIME, SO THEY'VE ACCUMULATED LAYERS OF LOCAL CONTEXT AND HISTORY. THEY ARE
CONVENIENTLY LOCATED, PROVIDE A SENSE OF COMMUNITY, PROVIDE REQUIRED
SERVICES (IF A LITTLE OLD), AND ARE ALREADY BUILT. A FRESH LEASE ON LIFE CAN BE
PROVIDED TO THE STRUCTURE BY RETAINING THE SOUND MEMBERS, UPGRADING THE
LANDMARK CHARACTERISTICS. BECAUSE THE STRUCTURE HAS BEEN REPAIRED TO MEET
MORE SUSTAINABLE. THEN THE STRUCTURE CAN SELF-SUSTAIN AND, OVER TIME, RECOVER
THE COSTS OF ITS REHABILITATION.
THESE DON'T HAVE TO BE STRICTLY FUNCTIONAL; THEY CAN ALSO CONSIDER THE
AESTHETICS OF THE PLACE. BUILDING APPLIED PHOTO VOLTAIC PANELS ARE AN EXCELLENT
ILLUSTRATION OF A BURGEONING TREND IN ADAPTIVE REUSE AND RETROFITTING. IT'S ONE
OF SEVERAL ALTERNATIVES FOR A FACILITY TO START REDUCING ITS CARBON FOOTPRINT BY
BEING MORE AWARE OF AND CONSCIENTIOUS OF ITS INFLUENCE. HISTORY SHOULD SERVE
OBSOLESCENCE SHOULD BE WEEDED OUT, AND THE PROCESS OF DISUSE SHOULD BE
STRUCTURED WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS ARE ONLY A FEW EXAMPLES.

6 REFERENCES

I. ahmed, a , e. elsaay.h. 2018. adaptive reuse. https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2018-

0002.
II. ayman ahmed ezzat othaman, heba elsaay. 2018. research gate. may.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324819797_Adaptive_reuse_an_innovati
ve_approach_for_generating_sustainable_values_for_historic_buildings_in_developi
ng_countries.
III. harrison, rodney. n.d. academia.
https://www.academia.edu/776638/What_is_Heritage.
IV. krishna, dr sudhir. 2013. conservation of heritage buildings - a guide. new delhi:
directorate general,central public works department.
https://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/ConservationHertbuildings.pdf.
V. 2020. nobel houe tour. 2 may. https://www.noblehousetours.com/bolgatty-palace/.

39
 VI. parappuram, rithesh. 2021. youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=unJphTFzVJw.
VII. poojapanchal. 2021. issuu. 7 jul.
https://issuu.com/poojapanchal/docs/ui3916_pooja_panchal_thesis_issuu.
VIII. strange, I and whitney,d.". (2003). the changing roles and purposes of heritage
conservation. research, uk: student.

40