The shape of the curve is a circunference, surley in cartesian coordinates it looks like

2 2
x + y =1

The only change in the curve, is the radius, x 2+ y 2=4

The difference is the radius, from r=1 until r=3
2 2
x + y =9

The shape obtained is a circunference with the same radius but positive, it means that the
“vector” have opposite orientation.
The difference between those graphics, is the magnitud of the radius, this radius is the double of
the another radius.
We note that the orientation of the circunference is opposite, but with the same radius
With k=2 , we have 4 petals
With k=3, we have 3 petals

With k=4, we have 8 petals

With k=5, we have 5 petals

With k=6, we have 12 petals

With k=7, we have 7 petals

The number of petals for an even natural number k, is the double of k.

The number of petals for an odd natural number k, is the same number k.
The similarity between r =sin θ and r =cos θ is their radius, is the same magnitud (radius equal 1)

π
The difference between those graphs is that one of them is rotated rad with respect to the
2
other.

Yes, some patterns still hold.

The distance betwwen loops is getting shorter

1
The function is increasing, we know that ẏ= , x> 0, so if we evaluate numbers greather than 0,
x
−1
the function in the Interval (0 , ∞) is increasing, and we know too, that ÿ= , if we see, the
x2
denominator Will never be negative, so, the second derivate only can be negative, that means that
the function is concave down from 0 to infinity.

The function is increasing at a decreasing rate.

 1
If i multiply by -1 the equation r =ln θ, i obtained r =−ln θ=ln , in both forms we have to be
θ
sure that θ> 0

a. It is a cardioid
b. The period is equal to 1

There is a loop in the origin in this graph, while in the original

graph, in the origin the form is Sharp.

The curve near to the origin is smooth