BASILIC SPRAY AS AN

ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC

PESTICIDE
SUBMITTED BY;

FRANCINE ROSE MARAMAG

MARINNY CLAIRE LORENO

NEIL XYRONE MENDOZA

TRISTAN JOSH TACCAD

KRISTEL JOICE DY

ALLAN VIEN CASTRO

JAYVEE SORIANO

KURT RUSSEL BORONA

 INTRODUCTION

A.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pest. Most pesticide are intended to serve as

plant protection products, which general protect plants from weeps, fungi, or insects. Mainly

used in agriculture or public health, protect human from vector borne diseases such as malaria,

dengue, and schistosomiasis. Pesticide is a chemical(such as carbamate) or biological agent (such

as a virus, bacterium, or fungus) that deters, incapacities, kills or otherwise discourage pests.

Along with this benefits, pesticide also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to human and

other species. But many of pesticides have been associated with health and environmental issues.

Exposure of pesticides can be through contact with the skin, ingestion, or inhalation. This type of

pesticides, the duration and route of exposure, and the individual health status (e.g., nutritional

deficiencies and healthy/damaged skins) are determining factors in possible health outcome.

Numerous negative health affects that have been associated with chemical pesticides, among

other effects, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological, carcinogenic, respiratory,

reproductive, and endocrine effect. Residues of pesticides can be found, including for instance

cooked meals, water, wine, fruit juices, and refreshments. Furthermore, it should be noted that

washing and peeling cannot completely remove the residues.

Pesticides residues have also been detected in human breast milk samples, and there are

concerns about prenatal exposure and health effects in children. Pesticides can also have an

impact in environment, it contaminate soil, water, turf, and other vegetation. In addition to

killing insects or weeds, pesticides can be toxic to a host of other organisms including birds, fish,
beneficial insects, and non-target plants. This study aims at highlighting the urgent need to a new

concept in agriculture involving drastic reproduction in the use of chemical pesticides. We need

to seek for a better solution. A pesticide that will not destroy the soil and will not be a threat to

human health. That will also help our nature. Insects also balance our ecosystem. Lessen them

but don’t kill them entirely. They also help us in their little and antsy ways.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the efficiency of organic pesticide made of garlic, chili, and

baking soda, to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to

be pests.

1. What does basilic spray do to plants?

2. Does this product help the plants?

3. What are the contents of this product helping the plants?

4. What are the advantages of this product that helps us?

5. How does this product works?

C. Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis

• There is a significant difference between the BASILIC pesticide and the commercial

pesticides.
 Null Hypothesis

• There is no significant difference between the BASILIC pesticide and the commercial

pesticides.

D. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers believe that this study will not only yield data that will be helpful to her, more so

to the following groups of people:

1. Homed-based Gardeners. In particular, the gardeners (Plantitas) will benefit in this study

improving the productivity, protection of the crops /yield reduction, and quality of food.

2. Rural Farmers. This study will help the agriculture community manage insects, diseases,

and invasive weeds to protect the food supply.

3. Consumers. The findings of this study will benefit the consumers on a healthy food supply

E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focuses on the effects of Basilic Spray Organic Pesticide on Pechay Plant. The

primary subject of this research study will consist of Grade 12 students enrolled in Academic

year 2021 – 2022.

The research study conducted in Quibal, Peñablanca, Cagayan. This study will mainly

identify and assess the effects of Basilic Spray compared with the commercial pesticide.

This study will be conducted with lesser amount of financial resources and a month time

framework.
G. DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are further defined either operationally or conceptually;

Carbamate - a salt or ester of carbamic acid especially : one that is a synthetic organic

insecticide.

Carcinogenic - producing or tending to produce cancer.

Schistosomiasis - infestation with or disease caused by schistosomes.

Turf - the upper stratum of soil bound by grass and plant roots into a thick mat also.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

RELATED LITERATURE: Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment

Indicators.

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds,

and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high

product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to

function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment,

serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and

from residues in food and drinking water. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the

case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses, workers in the pesticide industry,

and exterminators of house pests. Exposure of the general population to pesticides occurs

primarily through eating food and drinking water contaminated with pesticide residues, whereas

substantial exposure can also occur in or around the home. Regarding the adverse effects on the

environment (water, soil and air contamination from leaching, runoff, and spray drift, as well as

the detrimental effects on wildlife, fish, plants, and other non-target organisms), many of these

effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the measures taken during its application, the

dosage applied, the adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after

application, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, the risk

assessment of the impact of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an

easy and particularly accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of

exposure, the types of pesticides used (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental
characteristics of the areas where pesticides are usually applied. Also, the number of the criteria

used and the method of their implementation to assess the adverse effects of pesticides on human

health could affect risk assessment and would possibly affect the characterization of the already

approved pesticides and the approval of the new compounds in the near future. Thus, new tools

or techniques with greater reliability than those already existing are needed to predict the

potential hazards of pesticides and thus contribute to reduction of the adverse effects on human

health and the environment. On the other hand, the implementation of alternative cropping

systems that are less dependent on pesticides, the development of new pesticides with novel

modes of action and improved safety profiles, and the improvement of the already used pesticide

formulations towards safer formulations (e.g., microcapsule suspensions) could reduce the

adverse effects of farming and particularly the toxic effects of pesticides. In addition, the use of

appropriate and well-maintained spraying equipment along with taking all precautions that are

required in all stages of pesticide handling could minimize human exposure to pesticides and

their potential adverse effects on the environment.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, EISSN 1660-4601, Published by MDPI Disclaimer

An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human

health and environment.

Pesticides are contributing in current agriculture to fulfil the need of raising population. Uses of

pesticides are not limited to agriculture, but they are also used to control over domestic pests,

disease insect vectors and home gardening. But they are very toxic in nature and pose acute risks
on the human health and the environment. They negatively affected the agricultural workers and

trigger social conflicts when employed extensively and without safety measures. Further, they

also have adverse effects on the neighboring communities. Chiefly, agriculture workers meet

with both direct and indirect exposure with these chemicals. Common man comes in contact with

these chemicals by skin contacting which is due to leaking and drifting of pesticides during

mixing and causing serious threat to human health such as diabetes, reproductive disorders,

neurological dysfunction, cancer and respiratory disorders. In this review, we discussed

classification, mechanisms, benefits and adverse effects of the pesticides on both human beings

and the environment. We had also discussed some remedial measures to mitigate their toxicity.

In future, research is needed to develop innovative ideas in current farming which are able to

decrease the application of chemical pesticides.

Choosing Organic Pesticides over Synthetic Pesticides May Not Effectively

Mitigate Environmental Risk in Soybeans

A public call for sustainability in agriculture has resulted in numerous government initiatives to

develop environmentally friendly agricultural practices [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. In 2003, the

Canadian government initiated the Pesticide Risk Reduction Program to provide infrastructure

for the development and implementation of reduced-risk approaches for managing pests in crops

[1]. This program, similar to ones in the UK [4] and USA [3], sought to reduce environmental

risk associated with older chemical insecticides by replacing them with low risk alternatives.

Though generalizations about the relative safety of natural and synthetic chemicals have been

questioned in the past [7], these sustainability programs often continue to emphasize the

development of organic and natural insecticides for pest control. These programs make the

assumption that natural insecticides present less risk to the environment than synthetic
insecticides, aligning with public opinion [8] and influential scientific papers purporting greater

sustainability of organic practice [9].

The sustainability of agricultural practices is a subject of ongoing debate in the literature [10],

[11], [12], [13]. Many studies have compared organic, conventional and integrated pest

management (IPM) production systems as a whole, but even within a commodity system, the

conclusions reached in these studies are widely divergent. A 1999 study [14] of New Zealand

apple production suggested an integrated approach was more sustainable, but a 2001 study [9] of

the same system in Washington favoured an organic management approach. Differing outcomes

may be attributed partially to differing geography, climate and pest complexes at the two

locations, but it is likely that differences in assessment methodology and the inconsistencies

between specific practices classed as organic or conventional at each location were also

influential in obtaining the observed results. Comparing organic, conventional and integrated

agriculture is not as simple as it may initially appear [13]: each system is characterized by a suite

of practices which are ideologically, rather than empirically defined [12], these systems are not

mutually exclusive from each other [9], [12], and vary from region to region depending on

regulations [14]. Because of these variations, generalizations about the overall sustainability of

one system over another are never universal [11]. Pest management practices are often

specifically highlighted in the sustainability of organic versus conventional agriculture debate,

but much of the debate is fuelled by a fundamental misconception that organic farms do not use

pesticides [15]. In fact, organic farms, like conventional farms, have access to a suite of

pesticides [15], [16]; the primary difference is that organic regulations prohibit all synthetic (i.e.:

human-made) chemicals but allow a vast array of mineral and botanical pesticides [17], whereas
conventional pesticides can be both naturally and synthetically derived and are regulated

individually, on a per active ingredient, per formulation basis [18].

Generalizations about the relative sustainability of one suite of practices over another are

dangerous when integrated into policy: government regulations based on faulty assumptions

about agricultural systems are expensive and do not effectively reduce the environmental risks

they are designed to mitigate [19]. It is thus more productive, and more broadly applicable, to

evaluate a given tactic for environmental sustainability on its individual properties and build

policy based on results of these individual evaluations [16].

Many national and international initiatives exist to develop environmentally sustainable

strategies for managing outbreaks of soybean aphid, including Agriculture and Agri-Food

Canada's (AAFC) Pesticide Risk Reduction Program [1]. Soybean aphid is a severe pest of

cultivated soybean in North America [20], and approximately 1.2 million hectares of soybean are

cultivated each year in Canada alone [21]. Since its introduction to North America 10 years ago

[20], numerous studies have examined the role of biological control agents in managing

populations of aphids [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], but foliar insecticides remain necessary when

populations of aphids exceed economic thresholds. The need for reduced risk pesticides in this

system is profound: only two foliar insecticides are currently registered for soybean aphid

control in Canada [18], one of which is currently under review for re-registration [27]. A broader

suite of insecticides with varied mechanisms of action are needed to ensure effective insecticide

resistance management can occur [28].

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS

Garlic Baking soda Chili Tupperware

Chopping board Knives Dipper Pan

Spoon

B. PROCEDURES
 1. Chopped the garlic and sili in tiny pieces.

2. Pour water in the pan

3. Put ½ teaspoon baking soda.

4. Put ¼ teaspoon sili
5. Put ½ teaspoon garlic

6. Mix it and let it oil for 15 minutes.

7. Cool it.
8. Place it in a plastic container. Let it sit for about 2-3
hours.
C.FLOWCHART

Gather all the ingredients.

Chopped the sili and the Then place it in a spray and
garlic in tiny pieces using
the knife and the ready to use
chopping board.

Ready the pan and put Boil it for about 15

water in it. Put all the minutes. After boiling it,
ingredients and mix it let it cool. Place it on a
thoroughly. container and let it sit for
about 2-3 hours.
TREATMENT: A- BASILIC

B- CHEMICAL PESTICIDE

Determining the Efficacy

To determine the efficacy of the two products we decided to observe it for about 5 days. They

were tested on how many insects the two products can kill. With the following rubrics:

3- All pests have been killed.

2- Large amount of pest have been killed.

1- Small amount have been killed.

Table 1.

Compressive Rating Table of Efficacy of the Two Products.

CONTROL DAYS IN TRIAL

GP 1 2 3 4 5
STATISTICAL TREATMENT:

T-test

A t-test is a type of inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant

difference between the means of the two groups which may related in some

features.

X1 X2

TABLE 2.1 T-TEST TABLE

TABLE 2.2

X1 X1² X2 X₂²

This treatment will determine if there is a significant difference between the two products.
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

TABLE 1.

COMPRESSIVE RATING TABLE OF THE EFICACY OF THE TWO PRODUCTS.

CONTROL DAYS IN TRIAL

GP 1 2 3 4 5
A 2 2 2 2 3

B 3 1 2 1 1

STEP 1: COMPUTE THE MEAN OF THE TWO GROUPS.

X1 X2

2 3

2 1

2 2

2 1

3 1

STEP 2: COMPUTE THE VARIANCE OF THE TWO GROUP.

 X1 X1² X2 X₂²
2 4 3 9
2 4 1 1
2 4 2 4
2 4 1 1
3 9 1 1
TOTAL: 11 ∑X1²: 25 TOTAL: 8 ∑X₂²= 16

M: 11/5 = 2.2 M: 8/5= 1.6

S1²=∑X₁²/N₁-M₁² S₂²=∑X₂²/N₁₋M₂²

= 25/5-2.2² = 16/5-1.6²

=5-4.84 =3.2-2.56

= 0.16 = 0.64

Step 3: Compute the Standard Error between the means.

SM₁₋M₂=√ (N₁S₁²+N₂²/ N₁ ₊ N₂-2) (N₁+N₂/N₁xN₂)

=√ (5(0.16)+5(0.64)/5+5-2)(5+5/5x5)

= √ (0.8+3.2/8)(10/25)

=√ 4(0.4)

=√ 1.6

= 1.265
Step 4: Compute t-statistic

t=M₁-M₂/SM₁-M₂

=2.2-1.6/1.265

=0.6/1.265

t=0.474

Step 5: Know the Critical Value.

df=N₁+N₂-2 α=0.10

=10+10-2

df= 8

Step 6: Compare the t-statistic(computed value) in the critical value (from the

table).

t= 0.474

table t= 1.86O

Conclusion: There is no significant difference between Basilic and Chemical Pesticide.

CHAPTER 5

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary:

This study emphasizes that using chemical pesticides can kill the pest but destroys the soil. It has

a big impact in the environment and also in the health of the person exposed to it. The purpose of

this study which is Basilic, a organic pesticide consisting of baking soda, garlic, and sili. Since

some chemical pesticides are ineffective, it’s a good alternative pesticide. The observation in the

table made it more clear that it has the same effect as the chemical pesticide. This project can be

used by future researchers for further upgrade of the product.

Conclusion:

Based on the whole duration of the study, the researchers therefore conclude that;

1.Basilic, an organic pesticide composed of baking soda, garlic, and sili environmental friendly.

It doesn’t affect or damage the nutrients of the soil and don’t leave any residues of chemical in

the plant. The vegetable that sprayed in this product is very safe for health and it’s really organic.

2.Though the study showed no difference between Basilic and chemical pesticides, Basilic shows

more advantage than the chemical.

3.It can solve environmental and health issues made by the chemical pesticides. This is good

alternative organic pesticide for food supply.

4.This project is effective in eliminating pest and doesn’t affect the environment. Because the

ingredients can only be seen everywhere and it’s cheap than the prize of the chemical pesticides.

Recommendation:

1.It’s highly recommended that during the making of Basilic wear your mask because it’s strong

smell that can irritate your nose.

2.Don’t overspray. It can burn your plant. Up to 5 to 6 sprays only.