Construction

Technology 2
ECE10306
CHAPTER 6
BUILDING FLOORING / ROOFING

SHYAM AGASTHYA, Senior Lecturer

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
National University of Science and Technology
MUSCAT
 Chapter Contents
● Types of Floor Construction
● Types of Roof Systems
● Types of Floor Finishes

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Construction
● There are three types of Floor Construction
○ Flying Form
○ False Ceiling
○ Raised Floor

FLYING FORM FALSE CEILING RAISED FLOOR

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Construction
● Flying Form
○ Flying forms (or table forms) consist of a pair of steel or
aluminium trusses topped with closely spaced joists
that support a plywood deck
○ In this way panels of formwork up to 100 sq m can be
decked out to form an entire bay of a suspended floor
slab
○ After striking, the forms are moved out from under the
newly formed slab on a set of rollers placed under the
trusses
○ They are then lifted by crane to the next location
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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Construction
● False Ceiling
○ This is the most common type of suspended ceiling
fixed to the framework hung from the main structure,
creating a void between the two components
○ Advantages are
■ Easy to construct, repair, maintain and clean
■ Means to access hidden services
■ Good sound and thermal insulation

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Construction
● Raised Floor
○ This provides a space above the structural floor level,
allowing cables to be laid
○ The elevated floor system consists of a several panels
which are installed on vertical adjustable pedestals
○ The pedestals are fixed on the concrete slab using
suitable means for instance adhesives or mechanical
fixings

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● The structural systems for roofs used in high rise buildings
include
○ Beams and Slab System
○ Flat Roof
○ Truss Roofs
○ Space Frames
○ Cable Supported Roof
○ Glass Roof

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Beams and Slab System
○ This is a simple form of roof structure
○ Most common material used are steel and concrete or a
composite of both

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Flat Roof
○ A flat roof is described as a roof having pitch (slope) of
less than 10 degrees and is most popular type of roof in
tall buildings
○ Waterproofing has to be done properly on top of the
roof to protect the units below it

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Truss Roof
○ Truss roof are generally made of straight members
arranged and fastened together in triangular form so
that the stresses in members caused by loads at the
panel points are either tensile or compressive

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Space Frames
○ They are 3D grid
structures constructed
with lattice or grid
frameworks
○ These structures are
used for very large
areas without internal
intermediate support
○ Grids are stiff and
used for situations
where deflection and
not load is criteria

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Cable Supported Roofs
○ Here the steel cables are usually anchored to a
compression ring built into the exterior walls of the
building
○ This arrangement produces a roof support system that
has minimum depth

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Roof Systems
● Glass Roof
○ With advancements made in glass technology, glass
roofs and glass skylights are frequently used in
construction

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Typically there are five types of floor finishes
○ Wooden Flooring
○ Concrete Flooring
○ Laminate Flooring
○ Ceramic and Vitrified Tiles Flooring
○ Rubber Flooring

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Wooden Flooring
○ Such types of flooring is
mostly preferred in cold
areas as wood is a bad
conductor of heat and
warm temperature is
maintained in the building
○ Small pieces of planks when
kept together leaving no
voids in between,
constitute the wooden
flooring

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Concrete Flooring
○ Concrete flooring is preferred
in hot conditions as it
maintains the temperature
inside the building
○ Nowadays, many textures
have emerged in concrete
flooring and so people are
opting such flooring

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Laminate Flooring
○ They are boards made of fibre and is compressed to
make a thin flat plate
○ On top of it an image of materials like timber, stone,
marbles, tiles, etc. is provided and then that image is
covered with a protective coating
○ It often resembles wood and is available in various
shapes and sizes

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Ceramic and Vitrified Tile Flooring
○ It is the most popular type of floor finish used
extensively in kitchen and bathroom
○ It is made of sand and is installed using grout that is
applied in between the tiles for perfect fitting

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN
 Types of Floor Finishes
● Rubber Flooring
○ Such flooring are made from synthetic rubbers or
natural rubbers and these can be recycled, thus, making
it environment friendly
○ It offers great amount of elasticity and is mainly used
for domestic use

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Shyam Agasthya, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NUST, OMAN