STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Course Code: CE-308

Credit hours: 3+0

Instructor: Muhammad Haroon

Assistant Professor,
Civil Engineering Department,
Wah Engineering College,
University of Wah
Types of Structures
Frames
Frames are normally used in buildings.

They are composed of beams and columns connected by pinned or

fixed ends.
 Trusses
Trusses are composed of slender straight members connected at their
ends by hinged connections in a triangular fashion. The members are
either in uniform tension or compression.

When the span of a structure is large, and depth is not an important

criterion for design, a truss may be selected.
2/22/2021
Cables and Arches
For Long span distances, cables and arches can be used.

Cables are usually flexible and carry their loads in tension.

Arch supports their loads in compression.

Arches are frequently used in bridge structures, dome roofs, and for
openings in masonry walls.
 Triangular Arch Round Arch Segmental Arch

Rampant Round Lancet Arch Shoulder Flat Three-Foiled

Arch Arch Cusped Arch

Equilateral
Pointed Arch
Horseshoe Arch Three-centered Elliptical Arch
Arch

Inflexed Arch Ogee Arch Reverse Ogee Tudor Arch

Arch

Parabolic Arch
Surface/shell Structures
These are made from materials having a very small thickness
compared to its other dimensions.

These structures are difficult to analyze, due to three dimensional

geometry of their surface.
 Loads

The loads on a structures are determined after finding the structural

dimensions.

The loads define the type of structure to be constructed.

Once the structural form has been decided, the actual design begins.
 Types of Loads

 Dead Loads

 Live Loads

 Bridge Loads

 Wind Loads

 Earthquake Loads

 Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure

 Other Natural Loads

What is Structural Analysis?
What is Structural Design?