System of Particles -

Newton 's 2nd Law

¥:* -

n fireworks exploding

>
Earth

Kom = tu E Miri
-1=1

Peon =
dom_
dt

Ñ com
= dm '

dt

=
d¥om=

Foom =
TY 2 Miri
i. = 1

atom =
tm [ mia:
i :c

Theorem : Énet = Maicon

l external )

Milon = Emir!
i

Mikan = [ Miri
i

MÑ com = [ Mia?
i

= Mia , t Mr Ñz t Ms Ñs + . . .
+ MnÑn
Motion = É net + Éne+ + É net + .
. .
+ Énnet

¥"
↓g
>

M 2

mi /
↓ my
2
Tng
Fn

→ →

Mig
}
Fine = Fiz t

Énet =
FI tmzg

Linear Momentum :

Ñ = ME Kgmls

Newton 's 2nd Law :

Fnet =
mat
= mdI
dt

=al
 =dp
dt

Total momentum for a

system of particles :

Ñ =
MÑ , + MzÑ + . . .
t mnÑ
Ñ =
PT + Ñ + . . .
+ Fn
P→ =

& Miri = Miriam

Ñion
dd_ = Macon , ;
Ñcom=dd¥
→

daP÷= Frail external )

Énet = 8
↳ DI =

dt

i. momentum is conserved
ii. pi

Impulse :

Impulse is defined as the change in momentum .

I =
Ñt PT -

= Ap→
^

Flt)

: É%¥ÉÉ¥÷
"
Favg - -

:
É tf %

É=dp
dt

Edt =
ÉP
[ f Ñdp→
É at =

ti
Ri
*
Édt pi pi F
/ = - =

ti

collisions :

case 1 : Inelastic collision

Uzi = 0 ✓ it = Vzf = ✓
,

Miki = ( mi t Mz ) V

↳
mmY
V -
_

is NOI conserved
energy
 Ballistic Pendulum tired block )
hanging wooden
l bullet
Example :
being into a

- - - -
^

.
:
'

M 5.4
'

, =
kg
m a. s
÷
g
-

;
.
_
.
. .

i
◦

! I h = 6.3 cm

,✓→
-
-
- -

-
-
- - -

µ
m
M In lstops momentarily )

conservation of momentum : Mri = lmtrM)V

conservation of energy :
I #v2 = Itm ) gh
✓ =
Ign

Vi V
=

Mtmm
i. Vi = Mtm %)
m

Vi =
10.0095) t 5.4 ✗ FÉÉOÑ
0.0095

Vi = 630 Mls

case 2 : Elastic collisions

Vzi = 0

Mini =
Merit + Mint (conservation of momentum) ①

tmiv, ? = { mini + tmzret l conservation of energy ) ②

solve for Vlf ,

Vzf :

From ① : M , ( Vii -
Vlf ) =
M - Vzt

② : M, ( V11
?
_

Vlf 2) = Mz VzÉ
[Mi Vzf )](
≥
( Vii -
Vii t V1 f) = Mz Vzf

Mtf ( Vii t Vlf ) = M-zvz.tt

( Vii t Vit I = V4 ③

sub .
3 into ①

Miki = Mivif + Mzlvii + ✓ if )

Milli =
M , Vit t Mz Vii t Mzvif
M , vii. -
Mz Vii = Mi ✓If t Mz Vif

( Mi -
Mc ) Vii = ( Mi Tmz ) ✓ if

it
=Ym;Imm%_ vi.

Vat = Vii +

(mmi.IM?-)V "

mmi.IM#V2f- Vi(mitmtMi-MzJMitMzV2f
rat = Vii I +

= Vii
(
2Mt

Mitmz )
Limits :

1. M , = Mr

Vit V4 Vii
2mg
= O j
=

i _
Vzf = ✓ Ii

2. Me >> Mi

0-3
Mi Mz

Vzf -30

Vii Viv Vii

-mm÷
→
= -

3 . Mi > > Mz

0mi
Mi
Ji

Vii
Vlf
Mmg Vii
→
=

Vzf → 1-
Zvii

Sample Problem :

/ / / /
'
me =
30g
ii. i.
Mz = 15
g
A. seem
m÷n in ,

conservation of
energy :

Tmg hi = 1mi Vii

Vii =

=FÉ
= 1.25 Mls

(309-759-1 )
✓ 11-25 mis
if =

309+759

V )
-4%-11.25 Mls
=
't

= -
0.537 Mls

(3021+3%-9)
V4 = 1.25 Mls

✓ +0.714 MIS
if =

2D collisions :

Fi PT mzÑt
=
:O -
-
-
-

E-
-
-

→r
- - - -
-

"
, ma
①
mir?f
Ñii =
Fit + Pii
x : Ri =P , ,
COS @ it Pz ,
Cosa

y
:O = -
Pif Sino +
pzfsinlz -

Imi Vii = tzm rift t.mn V42

,
Lit elastic )

Rocket 1 Variable Mass )

→ → v. dr
✓
u

before after

his relative to
stationary observer .

Mr = -1dm)n + 1Mt DM ) lvtdr )

Vd
✓+
, vrei .
=
Velocity of exhale
"
✓ rel
µ