 

What is the phase of ( s  2) 2 ? It is tan 1  tan 1 . When   0 phase is zero and    phase is
2 2
2
180˚. Since (s  2) 2  s 2  2s  4 , you can also write phase (putting s=jω) = tan 1 . Note that at
4 2
ω=2, phase is 90˚ and frequencies above 2rad/sec phase is in between 90 and 180˚.
x
1. What is the phase of s 2  s  1 ? tan 1 where x =
1  2
2. What is the phase of s 2  s  1 at   2 ?
You can verify the above answer by putting s=j2 in s 2  s  1 . -4+j2+1 = -3+j2
3. What is the angle of the vector -3+j2 shown in figure below?


What is the phase of s  2 ? It is 180  tan 1
2
4. What is the angle of s  2 when w= 2 rad/sec?

  
What is the phase of (s  a)(s  a) ? It is (180  tan 1 )  ( 180  tan 1 )= 360  2 tan 1
a a a
For the above when ω=0 phase is 360 at ω= a phase is 270˚ and ω=infinity phase is 180˚.

(s  a)(s  a)  s 2  2as  a 2 Putting s=jω, a 2   2  j 2a

1 2a
Phase expression can be also written as 360  tan a 2   2

2
What is the phase of s 2  2s  3 ? 360  tan 1
32
5. What is the phase of s 2  2s  3 at   1 and at   2 are ……… and ………

When you are putting ω=1, the vector becomes 2-j2 and putting ω=2 the vector becomes -1-j4

6. What are the angles of 2-j2 and -1-j4 ……… and ………
You can use all the above results for answering the next question
(2s  3)
7. Write the phase expression for
( s  8)(s 2  2s  3)