𝑎.

) 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥 = 0
𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥
∴ ∅𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥
𝑥1 = ∅(𝑥0 ) = ∅(2) = −0.7678
𝑥2 = ∅(𝑥1 ) = ∅(−0.7678) = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
The method leads us away from the solution, so it is divergent.

N 𝑥0 𝑥1 = ∅(𝑥0 )

2 2 −0.7678

3 −0.7678 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3 log 𝑥
3
𝑓 ′(𝑥) = −𝑒 −𝑥 −
𝑥𝑙𝑛10
Here
x 0 1
f(x) "Undefined" 0.3679

Here 𝑓(0) = Undefined < 0and𝑓(1) = 0.3679 > 0

∴ Root lies between 0 and 1

0+1
𝑥0 = = 0.5
2
𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∶
𝑓(𝑥0) = 𝑓(0.5) = 𝑒 −0.5 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(0.5) = 1.5096

3
𝑓′(𝑥0 ) = 𝑓′(0.5) = − − 𝑒 −0.5 = −3.2123
0.5𝑙𝑛(10)

𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑥1 = 𝑥0 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )
 1.5096
𝑥1 = 0.5 −
−3.2123

𝑥1 = 0.97

2nd iteration

𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(0.97) = 𝑒 −0.97 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(0.97) = 0.4189

3
𝑓′(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓′(0.97) = − − 𝑒 −0.97 = −1.7223
0.97𝑙𝑛(10)

𝑓(𝑥1 )
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 )

0.4189
𝑥2 = 0.97 −
−1.7223

𝑥2 = 1.2131

3rd iteration:

𝑓(𝑥2) = 𝑓(1.2131) = 𝑒 −1.2131 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(1.2131) = 0.0455

3
𝑓′(𝑥2 ) = 𝑓′(1.2131) = − − 𝑒 −1.2131 = −1.3712
1.2131𝑙𝑛(10)

𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝑥3 = 𝑥2 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 )

0.0455
𝑥3 = 1.2131 −
−1.3712

𝑥3 = 1.2463

4th iteration

𝑓(𝑥3) = 𝑓(1.2463) = 𝑒 −1.2463 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(1.2463) = 0.0006

3
𝑓′(𝑥3 ) = 𝑓′(1.2463) = − − 𝑒 −1.2463 = −1.3329
1.2463𝑙𝑛(10)

𝑓(𝑥3 )
𝑥4 = 𝑥3 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥3 )

0.0006
𝑥4 = 1.2463 −
−1.3329

𝑥4 = 1.2468
4th iteration:

𝑓(𝑥4) = 𝑓(1.2468) = 𝑒 −1.2468 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(1.2468) = 0

3
𝑓′(𝑥4 ) = 𝑓′(1.2463) = − − 𝑒 −1.2468 = −1.3324
1.2468𝑙𝑛(10)

𝑓(𝑥4 )
𝑥5 = 𝑥4 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥4 )

0
𝑥5 = 1.2468 −
−1.3324
𝑥5 = 1.2468

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒 −𝑥 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥)

= 0 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒ℎ𝑡𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑠 1.2468 (𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 5 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠)

n x0 𝑓(𝑥0) 𝑓′(𝑥0 ) x1
1 0.5 1.5096 -3.2123 0.97
2 0.97 0.4189 -1.7223 1.2131
3 1.2131 0.0455 -1.3712 1.2463
4 1.2463 0.0006 -1.3329 1.2468
5 1.2468 0 -1.3324 1.2468

𝑏. ) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2)
𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2)
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2)

∴ ∅𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2)

Difference
n x0 𝒙𝟏 = 𝝓(𝒙𝟎 ) Update
x1-x0
2 2 -0.5413 x0=x1 2.5413
3 -0.5413 8.5911 x0=x1 9.1325
4 8.5911 0.0061 x0=x1 8.585
5 0.0061 1.9575 x0=x1 1.9514
6 1.9575 -0.5586 x0=x1 2.5161
7 -0.5586 8.9241 x0=x1 9.4827
8 8.9241 0.0049 x0=x1 8.9192
9 0.0049 1.9657 x0=x1 1.9607
10 1.9657 -0.5553 x0=x1 2.5209
11 -0.5553 8.8597 x0=x1 9.415
12 8.8597 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8546
13 0.0051 1.9642 x0=x1 1.9591
14 1.9642 -0.5559 x0=x1 2.5201
15 -0.5559 8.8713 x0=x1 9.4271
16 8.8713 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8662
17 0.0051 1.9645 x0=x1 1.9594
18 1.9645 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
19 -0.5558 8.8692 x0=x1 9.4249
20 8.8692 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8641
21 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
22 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
23 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
24 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
25 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
26 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
27 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
28 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
29 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
30 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
31 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
32 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
33 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
34 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
35 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
36 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
37 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
38 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
39 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
40 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
41 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
42 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
43 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
44 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
45 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
46 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
47 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
48 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
49 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
 50 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
51 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
52 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
53 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
54 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
55 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
56 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
57 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
58 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
59 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
60 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
61 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
62 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
63 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
64 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
65 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
66 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
67 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
68 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
69 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
70 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
71 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
72 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644
73 0.0051 1.9644 x0=x1 1.9593
74 1.9644 -0.5558 x0=x1 2.5202
75 -0.5558 8.8695 x0=x1 9.4253
76 8.8695 0.0051 x0=x1 8.8644

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2)

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2) + 𝑒 −𝑥 (2𝑥 − 5)
Here
x 0 1
f(x) 2 -0.7358

𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓(0) = 2 > 0𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑓(1) = −0.7358 < 0

∴ Root lies between 0 and 1

𝑥0 =0+12=0.5
𝑥0 =0.5

𝟏𝒔𝒕 𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∶

𝑓(𝑥0) = 𝑓(0.5) = 𝑒−0.5 (0.52 − 5(0.5) + 2)) = −0.1516

𝑓 ′(𝑥0 ) = 𝑓 ′ (0.5) = −𝑒−(0.5) ((0.5)2 − 5(0.5) + 2) + 𝑒−(0.5) (2(0.5) − 5) = −2.2745

𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑥1 = 𝑥0 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )

−0.1516
𝑥1 = 0.5 − = 0.4333
−2.2745
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∶

𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(0.4333) = 𝑒−0.4333 (0.43332 − 5(0.4333) + 2)) = 0.0137

𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 ) = 𝑓 ′ (0.4333) = −𝑒−(0.4333) ((0.4333)2 − 5(0.4333) + 2) + 𝑒−(0.4333) (2(0.4333) − 5) = −2.2745

𝑓(𝑥1 )
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥1 )

0.0137
𝑥2 = 0.4333 − = 0.4384
−2.6935
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∶

𝑓(𝑥2) = 𝑓(0.4384) = 𝑒−0.4384 (0.43842 − 5(0.4384) + 2)) = 0.0001

𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 ) = 𝑓 ′ (0.4384) = −𝑒−(0.4384) ((0.4384)2 − 5(0.4384) + 2) + 𝑒−(0.4384) (2(0.4384) − 5) = −2.6598

𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝑥3 = 𝑥2 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥2 )

0.0001
𝑥3 = 0.4384 − = 0.4384
−2.6598
Approximate root of the equation 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2) using Newton is 0.4384 (After 3 iterations)

n x0 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 𝑓′(𝑥0 ) x1
1 0.5 -0.1516 -2.2745 0.4333
2 0.4333 0.0137 -2.6935 0.4384
3 0.4384 0.0001 -2.6598 0.4384
𝑐. ) 32𝑥+3 = 2187
𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

∴ 𝑥 = 32𝑥+3 − 2187

∴ ∅(𝑥) = 32𝑥+3 − 2187

𝑥1 = ∅(𝑥0 ) = ∅(2) = 0
𝑥2 = ∅(𝑥1 ) = ∅(0) = −2160

n x0 x1=ϕ(𝒙𝟎 )
2 2 0
3 0 -2160

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅

𝑓(𝑥) = 32𝑥+3 − 2187

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(32𝑥+3 )ln (3)

Here
x 0 1 2
f(x) -2160 -1944 0

Here f (2) =0

Root of the equation 32𝑥+3-2187 is 2

𝑑. ) 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑰𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

∴ 𝑥 = 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8

∴ 𝑥(15𝑥 2 + 2) = 8
8
∴𝑥=
(15𝑥 2 + 2)
8
∴ ∅(𝑥) =
(15𝑥 2 + 2)
Here
x 0 1
f(x) -8 9
Here f(0)=-8<0 and f(1)=9>0

∴ Root lies between 0 and 1

0+1
𝑥0 = = 0.5
2

n x0 x1=∅(𝑥)
2 0.5 0.8421
3 0.8421 0.5468
4 0.5468 0.7842
5 0.7842 0.5813
6 0.5813 0.7463
7 0.7463 0.6063
8 0.6063 0.7211
9 0.7211 0.6242
10 0.6242 0.704
11 0.704 0.6369
12 0.6369 0.6924
13 0.6924 0.6459
14 0.6459 0.6845
15 0.6845 0.6522
16 0.6522 0.679
17 0.679 0.6566
18 0.6566 0.6752
19 0.6752 0.6596
20 0.6596 0.6726
21 0.6726 0.6618
22 0.6618 0.6708
23 0.6708 0.6633
24 0.6633 0.6695
25 0.6695 0.6643
26 0.6643 0.6686
27 0.6686 0.665
28 0.665 0.668
29 0.668 0.6655
 30 0.6655 0.6676
31 0.6676 0.6659
32 0.6659 0.6673
33 0.6673 0.6661
34 0.6661 0.6671
35 0.6671 0.6663
36 0.6663 0.667
37 0.667 0.6664
38 0.6664 0.6669

Approximate root of the equation 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 using fixed Iteration method is 0.6669 (After 37
iterations)

𝑵𝒆𝒘𝒕𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅

𝑓(𝑥) = 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8
𝑓′(𝑥) = 30𝑥 + 2
Here
x 0 1
f(x) -8 9

Here f (0) =-8<0and f (1) =9>0

∴ Root lies between 0 and 1

0+1
𝑥0 = = 0.5
2

Approximate root of the equation 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 using Newton method is 0.6667 (After 4
iterations)

n x0 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 𝑓′(𝑥0 ) x1
1 0.5 -3.25 17 0.6912
2 0.6912 0.5482 22.7353 0.6671
3 0.6671 0.0087 22.0119 0.6667
4 0.6667 0 22 0.6667
 1
𝑒. ) arctan(1 − 𝑥) + arctan(1 + 𝑥) = arctan ( )
8
1
𝑓(𝑥) = arctan(1 − 𝑥) + arctan(1 + 𝑥) − arctan ( )
8