ELASTICITY

ELASTICITY IS THE PROPERTY OF A BODY WHICH ENABLES IT TO RESIST DEFORMATION AND

TO RECOVER AFTER REMOVAL OF THE DEFORMING FORCE.

Stress
Stress is a quantity that is proportional to the force causing a deformation. It is the force (𝐹) per
unit area (𝐴).
𝐹
𝜎=
𝐴
Strain
Strain is a measure of the degree of deformation

∆𝑙 ∆𝐴 ∆𝑉
𝜀 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟
Elastic Modulus
𝐿 𝐴 𝑉
Elastic modulus is the ratio of the stress to the resulting
strain
𝜎
𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = = 𝐽
𝜀
YOUNG’S MODULUS: ELASTICITY IN LENGTH
YOUNG’S MODULUS MEASURES THE RESISTANCE OF A SOLID TO A CHANGE IN ITS LENGTH.

𝐹
𝜎
𝑌= = 𝐴
𝜀 ∆𝐿
𝐿
Shear Modulus: Elasticity of Shape
Shear modulus measures the resistance to motion of the planes within a solid parallel to each other
𝑥
𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝐿

𝐹
𝐴 𝐹𝐿
𝑆=𝑥 =
𝑥𝐴
𝐿
BULK MODULUS: VOLUME ELASTICITY
BULK MODULUS MEASURES THE RESISTANCE OF SOLIDS OR LIQUIDS TO CHANGES IN THEIR
VOLUME.

𝜎 𝑃 𝑃𝑉
𝐵= = =
𝜀 𝜀 ∆𝑉
A STEEL WIRE OF DIAMETER 1 MM CAN SUPPORT A TENSION OF 0.2 KN. DETERMINE THE
DIAMETER OF A STEEL CABLE TO SUPPORT A TENSION OF 20 KN?

Given: 𝐴1 =
𝜋
(𝑑12 )
4
𝑑1 = 1𝑚𝑚
𝜋
𝐹1 = 0.2𝐾𝑁 𝐴2 = (𝑑22 )
4
𝐹2 = 20𝐾𝑁 𝜋
(𝑑22 ) 𝐹2
4 =
𝐴1 𝐿 𝜋 2 𝐹1
𝐹 =
𝐹1 𝑌∆𝐿 4 (𝑑1 )
𝜎
𝑌= = 𝐴 (𝑑22 ) 𝐹2
𝜀 ∆𝐿 𝐴2 𝐴1 =
𝐿 = (𝑑12 ) 𝐹1
𝐹2 𝐹1
𝐹1𝐿 (𝑑22 ) 20
𝐴1 = 𝐴2 𝐹2 =
𝑌∆𝐿 = (12 ) 0.2
𝐴1 𝐹1
𝐴2 =
𝐹2𝐿 𝑑2 = 10𝑚𝑚
𝑌∆𝐿
A RUBBER BAND 20 CM LONG HAS A CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF 4 MM2. WHAT LOAD WILL STRETCH THE
RUBBER BAND 1 MM IF THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF RUBBER BAND IS 4 X 10-15 DYNES/CM2?

Given: 𝐹
𝜎
𝐸= = 𝐴
𝑑2 = 20𝑐𝑚 𝜀 ∆𝐿
𝐿
𝐴 = 4𝑚𝑚2 = 0.04𝑐𝑚2
𝐹
𝑑1 = 1𝑚𝑚 = 0.1𝑐𝑚 (0.04)
4 𝑥 10−15 =
𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠 (20 − 1)
E=4𝑥 10−15 20
𝑐𝑚2
20𝐹
4𝑥 10−15 =
19(0.04)

𝐹 = 1.52𝑥10−16 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠
A CUBE MADE OF AN UNKNOWN MATERIAL HAS A DIMENSION OF 6 CM ON ALL EDGES. IF THE UPPER
FACE IS DISPLACED LATERALLY BY 0.1 MM BY A FORCE OF 2 X 106 DYNES ACTING PARALLEL TO THE
SURFACE, CALCULATE THE SHEAR MODULUS OF THE MATERIAL.

Given: 𝐹
𝐿 = 6𝑐𝑚 𝐴 𝐹𝐿
shear modulus = =
∆𝐿 = 0.1𝑚𝑚 = 0.001𝑐𝑚 ∆𝐿 ∆𝐿𝐴
𝐴 = 𝐿2 = 62 = 36𝑐𝑚 𝐿
𝐹 = 2𝑥106 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠 2𝑥106 (6)
shear modulus =
0.001 36
shear modulus = 333333333.3 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑚2
shear modulus = 3.3333333333𝑥1011 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑚2
 IF THE DENSITY OF SEAWATER IS 1.03 G/CM3 AT THE SURFACE, WHAT IS ITS DENSITY AT A
DEPTH WHERE THE PRESSURE IS 109 DYNES/CM2?

Given:
1.03𝑔 3 = 1030
𝜌= 𝑥10
𝑐𝑚3
109𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃
𝑃= 2
= 10.9𝑃𝑎 ℎ=
𝑐𝑚
𝜌𝑔
10.9
ℎ= = 1.08𝑚𝑚
1020(9.81)
THANK YOU ☺