ICM-SU-5102-C.3 - Control Valves

Integrity Critical
ICM-SU-5102-C.3
Selection and Fabrication of Control Valves
Operating Environments: Onshore, Topsides
This document is the confidential property of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. and its affiliates. When made available to
any contractor providing services to Chevron U.S.A. Inc. or its affiliates, the contractor’s use of this
document shall be governed by the confidentiality provisions of the applicable contract or bid package.
Without limiting the foregoing, neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed by the
contractor to any third party, other than an affiliate of the contractor that requires this information for
purposes of the contract with the Chevron entity, without the prior written consent of the Chevron entity
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Any and all modifications (changes, amendments, etc.) to this document must follow approved Chevron
Engineering Standards governance processes.
Rev. Date Description Author Technology Leader

— 10/06 Initial release. R. Dye R. Zerda (sponsor)
A 12/11 Made standalone spec from PIP specs. R. Dye R. Zerda (sponsor)
This version replaces the following ICM specifications:
11.10, 11.14, 2350, and 5103.
B 02/15 General revision. R. Dye P. Gomez
Quality assurance, welding, and repair requirements
relocated to new CES ICM-PU/IT-5316.
C 06/16 General revision. R. Dye P. Gomez
C.1 09/16 Technical modification to add control valve R. Dye P. Gomez
requirements from ICM-DU-6003. See Summary of
Changes table (next page) for details.
C.2 12/17 Technical modification: Updated Section 5.4, item 1a, R. Dye n/a
Section 5.5, item 1a, and Table 2.
C.3 03/18 Technical modification: Updated Sections 5.2, 5.4, and R. Dye P. Gomez
5.5.
September 2016 © 2006–2018 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential – Restricted Access 1 of 67
Integrity Critical
Selection and Fabrication of Control Valves ICM-SU-5102-C.3
Summary of Changes
Revised technical content may be marked with change bars in the right margin as directed by Author.
The Author denotes the following technical changes to this revision as detailed below:
Rev Author notations regarding this revision
C Section 18.2 was added to address process pressure regulators.

Technical modifications have been made to the following sections, and are indicated in the text with
C.1 change bars in the right margin:
Sections 5.10.2 and 5.10.4 (5.10.4, item 2 deleted; other items in series renumbered)
Section 7.1
Section 8.3
Section 10.1 (item 2 deleted; contained in section 11.2)
Section 11.2
Sections 15.6 and 15.9
Sections 16.4 and 16.6
Safety Critical Changes (if applicable) are noted below
C Section 18.2 was added to address overpressure scenarios with pressure regulators.
C.1 Changes implemented are not considered safety critical.
Integrity Critical
Contents
1.0 Scope............................................................................................................................................... 6
2.0 References ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Owner Documents .............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Industry Standards .............................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Government Regulations .................................................................................................. 10
2.4 Conflict Resolution ............................................................................................................ 10
3.0 Terminology .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 12
4.0 General .......................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Design and Selection ........................................................................................................ 13
4.2 Information Required After Receipt of Order .................................................................... 14
4.3 Deliverables ...................................................................................................................... 14
4.4 Data Sheet Information ..................................................................................................... 15
4.5 Documentation .................................................................................................................. 16
4.6 Information Required with Quotation ................................................................................ 17
5.0 Sizing ............................................................................................................................................. 17
5.1 Criteria ............................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 Control Valve ANSI Class and Body Size ......................................................................... 18
5.3 Leakage (Seat and Stem Seals) ....................................................................................... 19
5.4 Rangeability ...................................................................................................................... 19
5.5 Operating Range ............................................................................................................... 20
5.6 Pressure-Drop Determination ........................................................................................... 20
5.7 Multiple Control Valves ..................................................................................................... 21
5.8 Exit Velocity....................................................................................................................... 21
5.9 Metallurgy .......................................................................................................................... 22
5.10 End Connections ............................................................................................................... 23
5.11 Severe Service Control Valves ......................................................................................... 24
5.12 Severe Service Application Performance Criteria ............................................................. 25
6.0 Valve Type Selection ................................................................................................................... 26
6.1 Globe Valves ..................................................................................................................... 26
6.2 Rotary Valves .................................................................................................................... 27
7.0 Body .............................................................................................................................................. 29
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 29
7.2 Material Selection.............................................................................................................. 29
7.3 End Connections ............................................................................................................... 31
8.0 Trim Selection .............................................................................................................................. 32
8.1 Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 32
8.2 Threaded Connections ...................................................................................................... 32
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8.3 Material ............................................................................................................................. 33

8.4 Stem .................................................................................................................................. 34
8.5 Erosive or Corrosive Applications ..................................................................................... 34
8.6 Cavitation and Flashing .................................................................................................... 34
9.0 Trim Fabrication ........................................................................................................................... 36
9.1 Globe Valves ..................................................................................................................... 36
9.2 Ball Valves ........................................................................................................................ 37
9.3 Disc Valves ....................................................................................................................... 38
10.0 Bonnet ........................................................................................................................................... 38
10.1 Design ............................................................................................................................... 38
10.2 Gaskets ............................................................................................................................. 38
10.3 Bolting ............................................................................................................................... 39
11.0 Packing ......................................................................................................................................... 39
11.1 Design ............................................................................................................................... 39
11.2 Extension Bonnets ............................................................................................................ 40
11.3 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 40
12.0 Lubrication .................................................................................................................................... 43
13.0 Fugitive Emissions ...................................................................................................................... 43
14.0 Noise.............................................................................................................................................. 43
15.0 Actuators ...................................................................................................................................... 45
15.1 Universal Criteria............................................................................................................... 45
15.2 Sizing ................................................................................................................................ 46
15.3 Performance...................................................................................................................... 50
15.4 Design ............................................................................................................................... 50
15.5 Fail Position ....................................................................................................................... 51
15.6 Material ............................................................................................................................. 51
15.7 Spring and Diaphragm Actuators ...................................................................................... 52
15.8 Piston and Vane Actuators ............................................................................................... 53
15.9 Volume Tank ..................................................................................................................... 53
15.10 Testing .............................................................................................................................. 55
16.0 Positioners .................................................................................................................................... 55
16.1 Digital Controller Positioner .............................................................................................. 55
16.2 Electro-Pneumatic Transducer Positioners ...................................................................... 56
16.3 Pneumatic Controller Positioner ....................................................................................... 56
16.4 Design and Sizing ............................................................................................................. 56
16.5 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 57
16.6 Assembly and Installation ................................................................................................. 57
17.0 Tubing ........................................................................................................................................... 58
18.0 Regulators .................................................................................................................................... 58
18.1 Air Sets .............................................................................................................................. 58
18.2 Process Pressure Regulators ........................................................................................... 59
Integrity Critical
19.0 Accessories .................................................................................................................................. 62

19.1 Universal Criteria............................................................................................................... 62
19.2 Handwheel Operator ......................................................................................................... 62
19.3 Position Indication and Solenoid Valves ........................................................................... 63
20.0 Installation Considerations ......................................................................................................... 66
21.0 Marking, Identification, and Nameplate ..................................................................................... 66
22.0 Quality Assurance, Inspection, Testing, Packaging, Documentation, and Shipment .......... 67
23.0 Purchasing Guarantee ................................................................................................................. 67
List of Tables and Figures

Table 1: Valve Body Face-to-Face Dimensions ............................................................................ 23
Table 2: Acceptable Applications for Valve Body Types ............................................................... 27
Table 3: Materials for Valve Bodies and Bonnet ............................................................................ 30
Table 4: Hardened Trim Applications ............................................................................................. 33
Table 5: Non-Fugitive Emission and Fugitive Emission Packing Materials ................................... 41
Table 6: Stem or Shaft Packing ..................................................................................................... 42
Table 7: Actuator and Valve Torque/Thrust Sizing Parameter ...................................................... 48
Figure 1: Typical Actuator/Valve Torque Graph ............................................................................ 50
Integrity Critical
1.0 Scope
1. This specification defines minimum technical requirements for the selection, sizing, design,
materials, fabrication, testing and inspection, and documentation of valves, actuators, and
accessories used for control valve applications for onshore, all offshore environments, and
pipeline.
2. This document defines the design, sizing, and selection requirements that apply to Purchaser,
Supplier, and manufacturer for project control valve assemblies and process pressure
regulators.
3. Included in this specification are requirements for control valve body, bonnet, trim, actuator,
accessories, flashing, cavitation and noise considerations, and requirements for critical and
severe service applications.
4. The scope of this document includes the following control valves and control valve
assemblies:
a. Globe, angle, ball, butterfly, and disc control valves.
b. Air-operated diaphragm actuators and piston actuators that are either spring-return or
double-acting.
c. Control valve positioning devices.
d. Process pressure regulators.
5. The following control valves, valves, and valve applications are not within the scope of this
document:
a. Hand-operated valves.
b. Gate valves.
c. Electric-motor operated.
d. Automated on-off valves.
6. Some content is reproduced and used under Process Industry Practices (PIP) Membership
Agreement.
2.0 References
1. The following documents are referenced herein and are considered part of this specification.
2. Unless otherwise specified in Sections 2.1, 2.2, or 2.3, use the latest edition of the referenced
documents.
2.1 Owner Documents

ICM-DU-5152 SmartPlant Instrumentation Design
ICM-PU-5316 Control Valve Quality Assurance, Inspection, and Test Plan
Requirements
ICM-IT-5316 Inspection and Testing Requirement Forms for Control Valves
Integrity Critical
ICM-DU-6025 Safety Instrumented Systems

PIM-DU-5138 Piping Design
[PIM] GF-A1250 General Arrangement Standards—Plant Facilities—Control Valve
Manifolds
2.2 Industry Standards

American Petroleum Institute (API)
Spec 6D Specification for Pipeline Valves (same as ISO 14313)
RP 553 Refinery Valves and Accessories for Control and Safety Instrumented
Systems
Std 598 Valve Inspection and Testing
Std 607 Fire Test for Quarter-turn Valves and Valves Equipped with
Nonmetallic Seats
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels – Division 1
Section IX, Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings – NPS 1/2 Through NPS 24
Metric/Inch Standard
B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves
B16.34 Valves – Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
ASTM International (ASTM)

A105/A105M Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping
Applications
A182/A182M Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless
Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for
High-Temperature Service
A193/A193M Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for
High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose
Applications
Integrity Critical
A194/A194M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for
High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both
A216/A216M Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion
Welding, for High-Temperature Service
A217/A217M Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and
Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature
Service
A269 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless
Steel Tubing for General Service
A350/A350M Standard Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings,
Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components
A351/A351M Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing
Parts
A352/A352M Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic,
for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
A494/A494M Standard Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
B164 Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire
B564 Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
E446 Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
Fluid Controls Institute (FCI)

70-2 Control Valve Seat Leakage
91-1 Standard for Qualification of Control Valve Stem Seals
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

60534-2-1 Industrial-process control valves – Part 2-1: Flow capacity – Sizing
equations for fluid flow under installed conditions
60534-8-2 Industrial-process control valves – Part 8-2: Noise considerations –
Laboratory measurement of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow
through control valves
Control valve aerodynamic noise prediction method
Prediction of noise generated by hydrodynamic flow
Integrity Critical
International Society of Automation (ISA)

7.0.01 Quality Standard for Instrument Air
75.01.01 Industrial-Process Control Valves – Part 2-1: Flow capacity – Sizing
equations for fluid flow under installed conditions
75.04.01 Control Valve Position Stability
75.05.01 Control Valve Terminology
75.08.01 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Integral Flanged Globe-Style Control
Valve Bodies (Classes 125, 150, 250, 300, and 600)
75.08.02 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged and Flangeless Rotary Control
Valves
75.08.04 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Buttweld-End Globe-Style Control
Valves (Class 4500)
75.08.05 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Buttweld-End Globe-Style Control
Valves (Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500)
75.08.06 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-Style Control Valve
Bodies (Classes 900, 1500, and 2500)
75.08.07 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Separable Flanged Globe-Style Control
Valves (Classes 150, 300, and 600)
75.08.08 Face-to-Centerline Dimensions for Flanged Globe-Style Angle Control
Valve Bodies (ANSI Classes 150, 300, and 600)
75.17 Control Valve Aerodynamic Noise Prediction
75.19.01 Hydrostatic Testing of Control Valves
International Society for Standardization (ISO)

14313 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation systems –
Pipeline valves (same as API Spec 6D)
15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use in
H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production (same as
NACE MR0175)
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS)

SP-53 Quality Standard for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges,
Fittings, and Other Piping Components – Magnetic Particle
Examination Method
SP-61 Pressure Testing of Valves
Integrity Critical
NACE International (NACE)

MR0103 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum
Refining Environments
MR0175/ISO 15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use in
H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
70 National Electrical Code®
Standardization Association for Measurement and Control in Chemical Industries
(NAMUR)
NE 43 Standardization of the Signal Level for the Breakdown Information of
Digital Transmitters
NE 107 Self-Monitoring and Diagnosis of Field Devices
VDI/VDE 3845 Industrial Process Control Valves – Interfaces between Valves,
Actuators and Auxiliary Equipment
2.3 Government Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
40 CFR Part 60 – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
40 CFR Part 61 – National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
40 CFR Part 63 – National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for
Source Categories
29 CFR Part 1910.95 – Occupational Noise Exposure
2.4 Conflict Resolution

1. Conflicts between this specification and industry standards and codes shall be submitted to
the Purchaser in writing for review.
2. In the event of conflict between this specification and reference documents, the more
stringent requirement shall apply.
3. Deviations from these specifications and requirements shall be submitted in writing to
Purchaser for review.
3.0 Terminology
3.1 Acronyms
AC Alternating Current
AIV Acoustical Induced Vibration
AML Approved Manufacturers List
AARH Arithmetic Average Roughness Height
Integrity Critical
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics

Cv Flow coefficient
DC Direct Current
DOT Department of Transportation
FIV Flow Induced Vibration
HB Brinell Hardness (number)
I/P Current-to-Pneumatic (transducer)
MFD Material Flow Diagram
MNPT Male National Pipe Thread
NCF Non-Corroding Finish
P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
PCS Process Control System
PHA Process Hazard Analysis
P1 Inlet Pressure
P2 Outlet Pressure
PMS Piping Material Specification
PST Partial Stroking Test
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
Pv Vapor Pressure
Pvc Vapor Pressure at the Vena Contracta
RF Raised Face
RMS Root Mean Square
SIF Safety Instrumented Function
SIS Safety Instrumented System
SPDT Single-Pole, Double Throw
SPI SmartPlant® Instrumentation
TFE Tetrafluoroethylene
TPU Thermoplastic Polyurethane
TSO Tight Shutoff
Integrity Critical
VAC Voltage Alternating Current

VDC Voltage Direct Current
VOC Volatile Organic Compound
3.2 Definitions
Control valve The final control element in the process stream, which
manipulates processes to maintain a variable—such as flow,
temperature, pressure, or level—within desired limits. In a
control loop, a sensing element measures the variable and
compares this variable to a desired value. The control valve is
actuated to manipulate the process to counteract deviations
between the desired value and the measured variable. The
control valve can receive a control signal from a control device
or can be self-controlling.
The following terms and their definitions are derived from ISA 75.05.01:
Ball valve A valve with a rotary motion closure member consisting of a
full ball or a segmented ball.
Butterfly valve A valve with a circular body and a rotary motion disk closure
member, pivotally supported by its stem.
Closure member The movable part of the valve that is positioned in the flow path
to modulate the rate of flow through the valve. Examples
include the plug for a plug valve, the disk for a butterfly valve,
and the ball for a ball valve.
Eccentric rotary disk A spherical segment in a rotary motion valve that is not
concentric with the disk shaft and moves into the seat when
closing.
Equal percentage characteristic An inherent flow characteristic which, for equal increments of
rated travel, ideally gives equal percentage changes of the
existing flow coefficient (Cv).
Flangeless control valve A control valve without integral line flanges, installed by
bolting between companion pipe flanges with a set of bolts or
studs. The control valve bolting generally extends through the
companion pipe flanges.
Full ball A closure member having a complete spherical surface with a
flow passage through it. The flow passage may be round,
contoured, or otherwise modified to yield a desired flow
characteristic.
Globe body A valve body distinguished by a globular-shaped cavity around
the port region, wherein the closure member motion is linear
and normal to the plane of the port.
Integrity Critical
Lugged body A thin annular section body with lug protrusions on the outside
diameter of the body. The end surfaces are mounted between
the pipeline flanges or attached to the end of the pipeline
without any additional flange or retaining parts, using either
through-bolting or tapped holes.
Operating range The desired range for physically and actually operating the
control valve. Essentially, this is the ratio of the maximum
usable flow to the minimum usable flow, as defined in this
specification.
Plug valve A valve with a closure member that may be cylindrical, conical,
or a spherical segment.
Rangeability The ratio of the largest Cv to the smallest controllable Cv, within
which the deviation from the specified flow characteristic does
not exceed the stated limits.
Segmented ball A closure member that is a segment of a spherical surface, and
that may have one edge contoured to yield a desired flow
characteristic.
Travel The movement of the closure member from the closed position
to an intermediate or the rated full-open position.
Wafer body A thin annular section butterfly body with end surfaces located
between the piping flanges, and the body is clamped there by
bolts extending from flange to flange.
4.0 General
4.1 Design and Selection
1. Control valves shall be specified in the control valve data sheets. The equivalent control
valve forms as specified in ICM-SU-5152 are as follows:
a. Form 16100 – Control Valve
b. Form 16101 – Control Valve FF
c. Form 16180 – Autorecirculation Valve
d. Form 16200 – On/Off Valve—Pneumatic
e. Form 16201 – On/Off Valve—Pneumatic FF
f. Form 16210 – Electric Motor Operated Valve
g. Form 16220 – Pneumatic Motor Operated Valve
2. Control valve assembly design, selection, and manufacture shall comply with all
applicable industry codes and standards, government regulations, and project technical
requirements.
3. Control valves shall comply with the IEC-60534 parts listed in Section 2.2, as applicable.
Integrity Critical
4. Fabrication details that deviate from this specification shall be authorized by Purchaser
before fabrication.
5. An approved manufacturers list (AML) should be used during material procurement process
or selection of control valves; Supplier AML shall be subject to Purchaser review and
agreement.
4.2 Information Required After Receipt of Order

1. An assembly drawing shall be provided for each control valve.
2. Assembly drawings shall include the following:
a. Devices direct mounted or remote mounted on the control valve assembly.
b. Supplier and model numbers.
c. Settings for all components.
d. Tubing and piping materials, sizes, manufacturer, etc.
e. Component state for normally energized or normally de-energized port positions, ports,
and electrical termination of components (e.g., solenoid valves).
f. Other items as required by project technical requirements.
3. The certified assembly, dimensional, and parts drawing shall include components of the
control valve assembly as follows (list not all-inclusive):
a. Digital controller positioner or equivalent.
b. Position transmitter and/or limit switches.
c. Switching and/or lock-up relay.
d. Solenoid valve.
e. Booster and/or quick exhaust valve.
f. Volume tank.
4.3 Deliverables
1. Deliverables include components and subsystems required for a complete and fully operable
control valve assembly, whether specifically identified in this specification or in other
documents.
2. Additional requirements not specified in the referenced standards, specifications, and project
technical requirements shall be obtained from the following (not all-inclusive):
a. Process flow diagrams.
b. Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
c. Engineering specifications.
d. Data sheets.
Integrity Critical
3. If Supplier is not the control valve manufacturer, Supplier shall engage the selected control
valve manufacturer prior to the control valve specification and selection process to take
advantage of manufacturer’s knowledge and tools in order to accomplish the following:
a. Ensure optimal product selection that meets the technical requirements of the project
specifications.
b. Reduce rework.
c. Reduce the total engineering execution costs.
d. Minimize the impact to project schedule.
4.4 Data Sheet Information

1. Project technical requirements shall specify documentation criteria in addition to the
following (not all inclusive):
a. Units of measurement for the control valve application.
b. Site conditions.
c. Documentation and drawings to include, as a minimum, the completed control valve
assembly and individual devices.
2. A data sheet in electronic format shall be provided for each control valve assembly.
3. Valve data sheets specified in 4.1 shall be used.
Note: These data sheets are incorporated into SmartPlant Instrumentation (SPI).
a. The data sheet defines the minimum data set required and shall include the data for
minimum, normal, and maximum conditions as well as for off-normal conditions such as
start-up, end of run, upset, and shutdown.
b. In addition to this minimum data set, the data sheet shall include special requirements
where applicable, such as the following:
1) Fugitive emissions.
2) Corrosive process or contains suspended solids and, if so, the size of the
suspended solids.
3) Emergency isolation application.
4) Flow direction for both rotary and rising stem valves (e.g., flow to open or close,
shaft upstream or downstream).
5) Limit stop and the reason the limit stop is required.
6) Cavitating, flashing, or two-phase and multiphase flow conditions and high
noise.
7) Valve assembly performance requirements.
8) Additional pertinent information used to size and select the control valve
assembly.
9) Facility name.
Integrity Critical
10) Order, requisition, and order item number.

11) Equipment identification number.
12) Process fluid.
13) Port size (calculated and specified).
14) Materials required.
15) Actuator (direct-/reverse-acting, diaphragm), including sizing and noise
calculations.
16) Fail positions due to any loss of signal or power source.
17) Air supply.
18) Seat leakage class.
19) NACE requirements.
20) Actuator positions specified as top, left, right, etc., with respect to the fluid flow
(flow arrow stamped on the valve).
4. The following information shall be specified:
a. Sizing of valves and valve actuators.
b. Noise level 3 feet (1 m) downstream and 3 feet (1 m) perpendicular from downstream
pipe.
c. Noise emissions from throttling and on-off control valves in the following applications.
Unless specified otherwise, these shall not exceed 85 dB(A):
1) Continuous operation.
2) Startup and shutdown.
3) Emergency and relief conditions, except that emergency and relief conditions less
than 2 hours in duration shall not exceed 95 dB(A).
d. Acceptable control valve body exit velocities.
e. FCI 70-2 leakage specifications for service conditions.
5. Tight shutoff (TSO), if entered on data sheet, shall comply with FCI 70-2, Class V.
6. Control valves in process fluid applications that contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
shall also comply with FCI 91-1 for environmental protection.
7. Design data shall comply with data sheets.
4.5 Documentation
1. Supplier shall provide final as-built data sheets, drawings, and documentation in hard
copy and editable electronic formats (e.g., CD-ROM, tapes) per project technical
requirements.
2. Calibration reports on each of the valves, actuators, and positioners shall be furnished.
3. Control valve signature shall be provided for all control valve assemblies.
Integrity Critical
4. Valve spare parts list with life cycle (replacement period) shall be provided for all
parts/components of the control valve assembly.
5. Additional documentation requirements shall be specified in the project technical
requirements.
4.6 Information Required with Quotation

1. The quotation shall be considered technically unacceptable if any of the required or requested
information is not included with the quote.
2. Technical evaluation of the quote shall include the following requirements as a minimum:
a. Project technical requirements.
b. Supplier-confirmed valve capacity with percentage opening and/or degrees opening at
each specified operating condition, noise calculations, and body exit fluid velocity
calculations for each specified operating condition.
c. Supplier’s control valve specification sheet, sizing calculation sheet, and actuator sizing
calculation sheet.
d. Completed data sheet and SPI data files identifying revisions or changes to the originally
issued data sheet.
e. Confirmation that all equipment is rated and designed for the electrical area
classification.
5.0 Sizing
5.1 Criteria
1. Valve sizing calculations and selection of the control valve shall address the full range of
expected process fluid and flow conditions.
a. Flow equations used shall be as specified in ISA 75.01.01 (IEC 60534-2-1).
b. The appropriate calculated differential pressure shall be applied as the load changes.
2. Additional performance criteria for control valves shall be applied for all applications based
on Owner acceptance.
3. Only the characteristics of the control valve plug, ball, trim, etc., shall be considered for an
accurate understanding of the plug stroke or rotation at the various process fluid conditions.
4. Linear trim design shall be preferred if pressure drop across valve does not vary more than
20 percent between maximum flow and minimum flow per the following:
[dP(max flow) – dP(min flow)]/dP(min flow) < 20%
a. This sizing criteria typically achieves an installed linear characteristic.

b. If the linear valve does not have sufficient rangeablilty to meet the minimum and
maximum conditions, an equal percentage valve shall be preferred.
Integrity Critical
5. Supplier shall assist in sizing of control valves for multi-phase fluids such as the following
(not all inclusive):
a. Two-phase liquid-vapor mixture.
b. Three-phase liquid-vapor and water mixture, etc.
6. Final valve sizing shall be confirmed by Supplier and submitted to Purchaser for review and
agreement.
7. Angle valves shall be considered whenever technically advantageous. Angle valve
specification and use shall be in coordination with piping design.
8. Material of the control valve body and end connections, gaskets, and packing of valve body
shall, as a minimum, conform to the applicable piping specification. Deviations from piping
specifications shall be submitted to the materials engineer for review and acceptance.
Note: In many instances, the requirements for control valves are more stringent than those
for manual valves due to the throttling nature and the torturous path of the fluid
through the control valve. Therefore, control valve materials and packing may be
different than manual valves as specified in the piping specifications.
Special alloy bodies that differ from the piping specification are usually required in
conditions such as high temperature, severe erosion/corrosion, or critical
applications such as oxygen.
5.2 Control Valve ANSI Class and Body Size

1. The minimum ANSI Class rating for control valves and flanges shall be as follows:
a. Control valves less than or equal to 4 inches (100 mm) shall be ANSI Class 300 unless
otherwise accepted by Owner.
b. Control valves greater than 4 inches (100 mm) shall be the same as the ANSI Class
of the piping specification.
c. Per API 553, control valves used in depressurization applications shall meet the
following:
1) Minimum control valve body size of 2 inches (50 mm).
2) Minimum ANSI Class 300.
Note: Other control valve applications may have similar process conditions and operating
scenarios as control valve depressuring applications. If a control valve application
is similar to a control valve in a depressurization application, then following these
requirements should be considered.
2. Control valve body size shall not exceed line size.
3. Per API 553, the control valve body size shall not be less than half the line size. If a control
valve body size smaller than half the line size is required, the Supplier shall provide
supporting documentation and analysis for Owner review and acceptance. If the required Cv
cannot be met, reduced trim shall be used with control valve body no smaller than half the
line size.
4. Valves 1 inch (25 mm) and larger shall not have threaded end connections.
Integrity Critical
5. Control valve body sizes 1 1/4 inches (32 mm), 2 1/2 inches (65 mm), 3 1/2 inches (90 mm),
5 inches (125 mm), or higher non-standard sizes shall not be used. If valve calculations
indicate a requirement for such sizes, reduced trim shall be used in standard-size valve bodies
(e.g., NPS 3[DN 80] valve with 2 1/2-inch [65-mm] trim).
6. Minimum valve body size shall be 1 inch (25 mm).
7. Special applications with line sizes 3/4 inch (20 mm) or smaller may have a different
minimum control valve body size. Control Valve body sizes for such applications shall be
submitted for Owner review and agreement.
5.3 Leakage (Seat and Stem Seals)

1. Control valve seat leakage shall conform to FCI 70-2.
2. Maximum control valve seat leakage allowable shall conform to leakage class designation
ANSI Class IV.
3. Selection of control valves with class leakage designation less than ANSI Class IV shall be
submitted to Owner for review and acceptance.
4. Control valves that must provide a TSO shall conform to ANSI Class V.
a. This requirement may pertain to isolation valves and safety instrumented system
(SIS) valves.
b. Seat leakage requirement for these control valve applications shall be defined
individually by the process safety requirements.
5. Any control valve applications that require an ANSI Class VI seat leakage rating shall be
submitted to Purchaser for review and acceptance before they are incorporated into the
design.
6. Control valves used in a safety instrumented function (SIF) as part of the SIS shall comply
with the following:
a. FCI 70-2, Class IV, as a minimum.
b. ICM-SU-6025 requirements as the automated on/off valve.
7. Fugitive emission applications that are governed by 40 CFR Part 60 Method 21 in
determining VOC leaks shall be in accordance with FCI 91-1 for stem seal leakage
requirements.
5.4 Rangeability
Note: Rangeability is defined as the ratio of the largest flow coefficient, Cv, to the smallest
controllable Cv, within which the deviation from the specified flow characteristic does
not exceed the stated limits. Essentially, this is the ratio of the maximum controllable
flow to the minimum controllable flow as defined in this specification.
1. High rangeability shall be defined as follows:
a. Design minimum condition occurs at less than 15 percent or 20 degrees of valve travel.
b. Design maximum condition occurs at greater than 80 percent or 75 degrees of valve
travel.
Integrity Critical
2. If high rangeability is required, two control valves in parallel shall be used. Exceptions to this
requirement shall be submitted to Purchaser for review and agreement.
a. The smaller valve shall be sized using the minimum condition at approximately 60
percent or approximately 55 degrees of stem travel.
b. The larger valve shall be sized to meet the other sizing conditions (such as normal and
maximum conditions).
Note: If it is determined that two control valves in parallel are required, the designer
should confer with the process engineer and process control system (PCS) engineer
for configuration and tuning.
5.5 Operating Range
Note: Operating range is the ratio of the maximum usable flow to the minimum usable flow.
1. Operating ranges for linear motion valves shall comply with the following:
a. The operating Cv through all conditions shall be sized to operate within 15 percent
through 80 percent of stem travel.
b. Operating Cv at normal condition shall be within 40 percent through 65 percent of stem
travel.
2. Operating ranges for rotary valves (except butterfly valves) shall comply with the following:
a. Operating Cv through all sizing conditions shall be sized to operate within
15 to 75 degrees of tem rotation.
b. Normal condition Cv shall be sized to operate within 30 to 60 degrees of stem rotation.
3. Butterfly valves shall have an operating range of 20 through 40 degrees of disc rotation. If
the butterfly valve is a “high performance” type, operating range shall be 20 through 50
degrees of disc rotation.
5.6 Pressure-Drop Determination
5.6.1 Non-Pumped Systems

Control valves for non-pumped systems shall be sized for a minimum pressure drop of 20 percent
of variable system pressure drop (i.e., system frictional losses), excluding drop across control
valves.
5.6.2 Pumped Systems

1. Pressure drop on pumped systems shall be adequate to provide control at all process
conditions, including startup.
2. Primary control valves on pumped systems shall have a minimum pressure drop that is the
greater of the following:
a. 15 psi (103.4 kPa).
b. A minimum of 30 percent of the variable system pressure drop, excluding the pressure
drop across the control valve at pump-rated flow.
Integrity Critical
5.6.3 Secondary Control Valves

Secondary control valves (e.g., temperature control valve at inlet to exchanger) shall have a
minimum pressure drop that is the greater of the following:
1. 5 psi (34.5 kPa).
2. 20 percent of exchanger pressure drop in fouled condition at maximum operating flow rate.
5.7 Multiple Control Valves
5.7.1 Control Valves in Split Process Flows

1. Control valves used in pairs (e.g., temperature control for heat exchangers) shall be used
instead of a single three-way control valve and sized as follows:
a. The main control valve shall be sized to pass the maximum design flow and zero flow
through the bypass control valve.
b. The bypass control valve shall be designed to and sized for the maximum design flow
with zero flow through the main control valve. The bypass control valve shall be the
same size, type, and Cv, as the main control valve.
2. Pressure drop determination shall be per the requirements of Section 5.6.
3. Mechanically linked valves shall not be used.
5.7.2 Three-Way Control Valves

1. The use of three-way control valves shall require specific review and acceptance by Owner.
2. When used, they shall be sized as follows:
a. The main port shall be sized to pass the maximum design flow and zero flow through the
bypass port.
b. The bypass port shall be designed to and sized for the maximum design flow with zero
flow through the main port.
3. Trim and sealing configurations shall be reviewed and agreed by Owner.
5.8 Exit Velocity

1. Control valve exit velocities shall meet noise performance specifications and requirements.
2. The process fluid exit velocity from control valve and the control valve size shall be selected
to minimize and dissipate fluid energy to less than the specified maximum fluid exit velocity.
a. Pipe size to control valve body size ratio shall not be used to determine control valve
body size.
b. To meet exit velocity and noise limitations, different trim options shall be considered that
may impact control valve size. Impact of trim options considered shall be verified by
applying the appropriate control valve sizing equations per this specification and
industry standards.
c. The control valve noise prediction calculation shall not exceed 85 dB(A), per the
calculations in ISA 75.17 and IEC 60534-8-3.
Integrity Critical
3. Control valve body outlet velocity, defined as the fluid velocity at the discharge flange of a
control valve, shall not exceed the following:
a. 0.3 Mach for gas, vapor, and steam services, except in vacuum services.
b. 0.4 Mach for infrequent services (i.e., services for which the control valve is closed for
more than 4 hours during an 8-hour shift, including emergency vent and emergency
depressurizing services).
c. 33 feet/sec. (10 m/sec.) for liquid services other than water.
d. 18 feet/sec. (5.5 m/sec.) for water service.
e. 12 feet/sec. (3.6 m/sec.) for erosive fluid (e.g., fluid containing erosive particles).
5.9 Metallurgy
1. Valves shall not be cast iron.
2. Carbon steel shall be the minimally acceptable material for control valve bodies.
3. Control valves in flashing water service shall have a higher-alloy body material such as
5 Cr-1/2 Mo, as a minimum.
4. Control valve body and trim selection shall be in accordance with the NACE standard that
addresses the acceptable limits and concentration of H2S and chlorides in the process fluid at
the given temperatures and pressures, as follows:
a. NACE MR0103 where applicable for downstream, refining, and chemical facilities.
b. NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 where applicable for onshore upstream and offshore
facilities.
5. Metallurgy of exposed components and hardware on the control valve assembly shall meet
the following requirements:
a. Be fabricated from 316 stainless steel, as a minimum.
b. Be compatible with the environment.
c. Provide the mechanical integrity required for the application.
d. Include, but not be limited to, the following:
1) Packing follower bolts and nuts.
2) Fasteners.
3) Mounting brackets.
4) Actuator bolts.
6. Non-corroding finish (NCF) coating on bolting, nuts, fasteners, etc., (as listed in item 5d,
above) shall not be used.
7. Bonnet bolting, as a minimum, shall be as follows:
a. Carbon steel with NCF coating for onshore applications that are not exposed to a
salt-laden environment.
b. Per project technical requirements for offshore applications. If not specified, the
minimum acceptable material shall be carbon steel with NCF coating.
Integrity Critical
5.10 End Connections
5.10.1 Face to Face Dimensions

1. Face-to-face dimensions of valve body shall conform to ISA standards in accordance
with Table 1.
2. Welding procedures and performance of welders and welding operators shall comply with
ASME B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8.
Table 1: Valve Body Face-to-Face Dimensions

Body Style ISA Standard
Globe style with integral flanges ISA 75.08.01 or ISA 75.08.06, depending on ANSI class rating
Globe style with separable flanges ISA 75.08.07
Flangeless ISA 75.04.01
Buttweld-end globe ISA 75.08.04 or ISA 75.08.05, depending on ANSI class rating
Globe-style angle flanges ISA 75.08.08
5.10.2 Flanged Connections

1. Flanged connections shall be required in all applications including the following:
a. Hydrocarbon flammable, toxic, or lethal services
b. Services above 400ºF (204ºC).
c. Thermal cycling.
d. Steam pressure greater than 50 psig (345 kPa).
e. Applications requiring fire-safe design.
2. Flanged connections shall be raised face (RF), conforming to ASME B16.5.
3. Flanges with tag welds or flanges with partial penetration welding shall not be used.
5.10.3 Welded Connections

Control valves shall not be welded into the piping.
5.10.4 Flangeless Connections

1. Flangeless valves shall be subject to Owner review and acceptance.
2. Flangeless valves, when accepted by Owner, shall have the following:
a. Centering guides (e.g., lugs, holes, or equivalent) to ensure proper alignment of control
valve and gasket.
b. Valve body gasket surface areas identical to surface areas for pipe mating flanges, per the
piping specification.
c. Lugged body.
d. Lugged body flanges that are through-bolted.
Integrity Critical
e. Threaded lugged flanges.

f. Body material shall have the same nominal coefficient of thermal expansion as the
bolting material and adjacent flanges.
3. Flangeless valve body shall not exceed 5 1/2 inches (140 mm).
5.10.5 Separable Flanges

1. Separable flanges shall not be used unless otherwise reviewed and accepted by Owner.
2. If control valves with separable flanges are agreed by Purchaser, minimum requirements
shall include the following:
a. Flange retaining ring shall be made of stainless steel, unless this material is not
compatible with the process or the environment. Other material selection for the
retaining ring shall require Purchaser review and agreement.
b. Supplier shall provide a permanent yellow tag on valves with separable flanges that can
rotate when bolts are loosened. The tag shall be inscribed with the following statement:
WARNING
This valve has separable flanges and may rotate when bolts
are loosened. The actuator must be properly supported
before loosening the bolts.
5.11 Severe Service Control Valves

1. Severe service control valves shall be required for the following types of process conditions,
which can cause damage to conventional/general-purpose control valves (list is not
all-inclusive):
a. Erosion.
b. Cavitation.
c. Noise.
d. Flashing service.
e. Choked flow that also results in cavitation, high noise, and/or flashing service.
f. High-pressure drop trim.
g. High valve outlet/body velocity.
h. Multiphase flow.
i. Particulates.
j. High differential pressures greater than 100 psi (689.5 kPa).
2. Severe service valves (e.g., globe or angle with hardened trim, specially designed
multi-hole/path cavitation trim, or noise abatement trim) shall be used for applications where
conventional valves (e.g., globe, ball, butterfly, etc.) are not appropriate because of loss of
control characteristics over time.
Integrity Critical
3. Examples of conditions where severe service valves shall be considered are as follows:
a. Liquid valves
Cavitation potential exists: (P1-P2)/(P1-Pv) > 0.6
Application is a flashing service: (P2 < Pv)
b. Gas valves
(P1-P2)/P1 > 0.5
Where
P1 is the upstream pressure
P2 is the downstream pressure
Pv is the vapor pressure of the process fluid at flowing temperature
4. Severe service valves shall be used in the following service applications:
a. Intermittent letdown (e.g., high-noise, erosive service) in daily service.
b. Recirculation in daily service where cavitation is predicted.
c. If high vibration and/or high noise is expected from the application.
d. If history of valve failures or need for severe service trim exists.
5.12 Severe Service Application Performance Criteria

1. Severe service control valve performance criteria primarily pertains to anti-surge,
outgassing, high differential pressure, flashing, cavitating, high noise, erosive and corrosive
services, multiphase flow, high pressure, high vibration, etc., control valve applications.
These criteria shall be applied in all other applications where similar performance is required.
2. This severe service application performance criteria shall apply to control valve applications
that have some of the following parameters or design limits (list is not all-inclusive):
a. High accuracy.
b. Speed constraints.
c. Minimal overshoot/undershoot.
d. Online tuning.
e. Online diagnostics.
f. Small step change response.
g. Partial stroking test (PST) requirements.
h. Travel stop analysis.
Integrity Critical
3. Completed control valve assembly for severe service applications shall meet the following
minimum requirements:
a. Stroking speed of response when specified as a requirement for severe service valve
applications inclusive of deadband—from either a fully closed position to a fully open
position and/or a fully open position to a fully closed position—shall be as follows:
1) Less than 2 seconds for the digital controller positioner.
2) Less than 1 second for a solenoid trip from the fully closed position to the fully
open position, or vice versa.
b. Control valve member opening deadband shall be less than 0.5 second.
c. Control valve closure member shall have less than 3 percent of total calibrated travel
span overshoot in both the opening and closing direction.
d. Closure member response to both an increasing (4–20 mA) signal and a decreasing
(20–4 mA) signal shall have zero (0) stick-slip motion.
e. Closure member shall move off of the seat of the control valve with a less than 2 percent
control signal change.
f. Instrument air supply pressure shall be regulated to a minimum of 60 psig (413.7 kPa).
g. If the control valve has a volume tank, the instrument air in the volume tank shall not be
used to ensure that the control valve assembly meets the requirements.
h. Diagnostics shall be available to the operations and maintenance personnel continuously
online.
i. The control valve shall remain in service and operating as diagnostics are obtained.
j. Online tuning with immediate feedback shall be provided via the digital controller
positioner interface.
k. Both the open and close travel stop analysis shall be provided as part of the diagnostics.
l. The digital controller positioner shall be able to provide PST.
m. High-resolution plots and graphs shall be provided.
6.0 Valve Type Selection

6.1 Globe Valves
1. Globe valves with split bodies shall not be used unless otherwise reviewed and accepted by
Purchaser.
2. Globe valves shall be acceptable for all applications and pressure classes listed in Table 2.
3. Single seated globe valves shall be used unless otherwise reviewed and accepted by Owner.
4. Cage guiding shall not be used in applications with suspended solids in the process fluid.
Cage guided valves may be acceptable provided the solid/particulate size is less than the
diameter of the holes in the cage.
Integrity Critical
5. Globe valves shall be used in the following applications:

a. High-pressure-drop applications.
b. Low-flow applications.
c. Clean liquid and gas service applications.
d. Corrosive and non-corrosive applications.
e. Cavitating, flashing, and high noise applications.
6.2 Rotary Valves

1. Rotary valves shall include the following:
a. Ball valves (e.g., segmented ball valves, full bore ball valves).
b. Butterfly valves (e.g., eccentric disk, high performance butterfly valves, triple offset
metal seated valves).
2. Rotary valves shall be acceptable for all applications and pressure classes listed in Table 2.
3. Rotary valves in applications where cavitation or high-noise conditions are present shall
require review and agreement by Owner (these applications normally use a globe valve).
Table 2: Acceptable Applications for Valve Body Types

Process Valve ANSI Body Type (Note 1)
Characteristic Flange Rating
(Note 2) Globe Globe Wafer Rotary E-Disc / Ball and
(Straight) (Angle) Eccentric Segmental Ball Plug
Disc
A. Process Gas or Liquid
Clean Service = 150 M,S,O — M,O M,S,O S,O
(cavitation or flashing
condition) = 300 M,S,O — M,O M,S,O S,O
(Note 4) = 600 M,S,O — — M,S,O —
≥ 900 M,S,O — — — —
B. Process Liquid
1.Clean service = 150 M,S,O M — — —
(cavitation or flashing
condition) = 300 M,S,O M — — —
= 600 M,S,O M — — —
≥ 900 M,S,O M — — —
2. Suspended solids = 150 — M,S — M,S (Note 6) S,O (Note 7)
(erosive)
= 300 — M,S — M,S (Note 6) S,O (Note 7)
(Note 3)
= 600 — M,S — M,S (Note 6) —
≥ 900 — M,S — M,S (Note 6) —
3. Corrosive = 150 M,S,O — — M,S,O M,S,O
= 300 M,S,O — — M,S,O (Note 8)
= 600 M,S,O — — M,S,O —

≥ 900 M,S,O — — —
Integrity Critical
Process Valve ANSI Body Type (Note 1)

Characteristic Flange Rating
(Note 2) Globe Globe Wafer Rotary E-Disc / Ball and
(Straight) (Angle) Eccentric Segmental Ball Plug
Disc
4. Viscous or = 150 — — — M,S,O M,S,O
non-erosive slurry
= 300 — — — M,S,O M,S,O
= 600 — — — M,S,O —
≥ 900 — — — — —
Notes:
1. “M” indicates valves that are acceptable for modulating service;
“S” indicates valves that are acceptable for shutdown or isolation service;
“O” indicates valves that are acceptable for on/off service.
2. The ANSI flange rating relates to the pipe flanges for flangeless valves.
3. Valve selection for non-erosive suspended solids service is the same as that for process gas or liquid (A1).
4. Utility (steam, air, water) valve selection is the same as that for process gas or liquid (A1 and B1).
5. Control valves used in streams that have a combination of the above process characteristics or
process characteristics not listed shall be selected according to project requirements.
6. Valve must be installed in accordance with the Supplier’s recommendation.
7. Only full port valves shall be used.
8. Plug valves are acceptable in corrosive service. Ball valves are not typically available in corrosion-resistant
materials.
6.2.1 Shafts
1. Unless otherwise specified, the valve shaft shall be oriented in the horizontal plane.
2. Rotary valves shall be designed so that a mechanical failure does not expel the shaft of the
stem from the valve body.
3. Actuator end of the valve stem shall be the splined or keyed design.
4. As a minimum, the following design requirements shall apply:
a. Shear pins shall not be acceptable.
b. Shafts shall be one piece and made of solid machined metal.
c. Shear safety factor shall be a minimum of 150 percent at the specified
shutoff-pressure-drop condition.
d. Valve stem/shaft bearing shall be designed to prevent the stem/shaft guide bushing from
rotating in the valve body.
e. Bearing material shall be selected to prevent galling of the bearing or valve stem.
Double-D and square-type shaft connections with a clamped shaft to actuator design
coupling shall be acceptable with Owner review and agreement.
5. Bearing material shall be selected based on the following (as a minimum):
a. To prevent galling of the bearing or valve shaft.
b. To operate at the maximum and minimum process temperatures.
Integrity Critical
6.2.2 Butterfly / Wafer Valves

1. The valve disk and shaft for lined, carbon steel, and stainless steel valves shall be made of
stainless steel.
2. Other trim parts shall also be made of stainless steel, as a minimum, or of material that meets
the process requirements.
3. Because the disk in wafer-style valves may project beyond the valve body during part of the
disk rotation (particularly if the pipe is of heavy wall construction), clearance shall be
maintained between the disk and the pipe wall.
4. Butterfly and wafer-type control valves shall comply with the following:
a. Pressure drop shall be 100 psi (689.4 kPa) or less.
b. Valves shall be of the heavy-pattern wafer type, eccentric disk design, or
high-performance type.
c. The wafer or butterfly valve shall be double-pinned to a solid shaft. The shaft of a
butterfly valve shall be sealed at both ends and supported with external bearings.
d. If TSO is necessary, vane of butterfly valve shall be eccentrically mounted.
5. Butterfly and ball valve shafts to actuator connection shall be of a splined design to reduce or
eliminate hysteresis.
7.0 Body
7.1 General
1. Valve bodies and body joints shall, as a minimum, have pressure and temperature ratings of
the specified end connections.
2. Unless specified otherwise, valves shall comply with ASME B16.34.
3. A materials engineer shall be consulted with regards to the control valve and trim metallurgy.
Metallurgical selections shall be subject to review and agreement by Purchaser.
4. Tapped openings in control valve bodies require Owner review and acceptance.
7.2 Material Selection
7.2.1 Valve Bodies and Bonnets

1. Valve bodies and bonnets shall conform to the material specifications shown in Table 3,
as applicable.
2. If an ASME specification is used for manufacture, Supplier shall provide documentation
supporting that the ASME requirements are equivalent to the ASTM specification
requirements.
3. Purchaser’s materials engineer shall be consulted when selecting metallurgy for control
valve bodies and trim.
Integrity Critical
Table 3: Materials for Valve Bodies and Bonnet

Alloy Forgings Castings
Low-Temperature ASTM A350, Gr LF2 ASTM A352, Gr LCB, Gr LCC
Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel ASTM A105 ASTM A216, Gr WCB, Gr WCC
1-1/4 Cr - 1/2 Mo ASTM A182, Gr F11 ASTM A217, Gr WC6
5 Cr - 1/2 Mo ASTM A182, Gr F5 ASTM A217, Gr C5
9 Cr - 1 Mo ASTM A182, Gr F9 ASTM A217, Gr C12
304 SS ASTM A182, Gr F304 ASTM A351, Gr CF8
Monel 400 ASTM B564, Grade 400 Annealed ASTM A494
ASTM B164
Alloy NO4400 Gr M35-1 (if welded)

Gr M35-2 (if not welded)
316 SS ASTM A182, Gr F316 ASTM A351, Gr CF8M
347 SS ASTM A182, Gr F347 ASTM A351, Gr CF8C
347H ASTM A182, Gr F347H ASTM A351, Gr CF8C Mod.
4. Control valve metallurgy shall comply with requirements specified in the applicable SPI (or
approved equivalent) data sheet forms.
5. The following material substitutions shall be acceptable:
a. 316 SS in place of 304 SS (except nitric acid).
b. 304 SS and 316 SS in place of 5 Cr - 1/2 Mo or 9 Cr - 1 Mo (unless chlorides are present).
c. 5 Cr - 1/2 Mo in place of 1-1/4 Cr - 1/2 Mo.
6. If compliance with NACE MR0103 or NACE MR0175 is specified, Supplier shall perform
the following tasks:
a. Obtain Owner agreement to materials before fabrication.
b. Provide test reports and a certificate of compliance for each control valve.
c. Follow the requirements of Owner specifications, control valve data sheets, and the
project technical requirements.
7. Material deviations from Table 3 for body and bonnet materials shall be subject to Purchaser
review and agreement with regard to use of separable flanges and bonnets made from plate or
bar stock. Separable flanges should not be used and shall require Owner review.
7.2.2 Bolting and Studs

1. Body bolting and packing-flange studs shall conform to the following specifications:
a. ASTM A193.
b. ASTM A194.
Integrity Critical
2. Plated bolting material shall not be used for pressure-containing parts on the valve body.
a. For H2S service, B7M grade studs shall be substituted for B7.
b. Studs and nuts for austenitic stainless steel and nickel alloy valves shall be of the same
nominal chemistry as the valve body, except for the packing flange, which shall be a
minimum of 316 SS.
7.3 End Connections
7.3.1 General
1. Body sizes and end connections shall be 1 inch (25 mm) minimum, except if line size is
smaller.
2. Direction of flow shall be cast or stamped on the valve body.
3. Valve body gaskets and stem packings for valves in flammable or hazardous service shall be
fire-safe type.
4. Metal or flexible graphite gaskets or graphite stem packing shall be considered fire safe.
Other materials shall be subject to Purchaser review and agreement.
7.3.2 Valve Types

1. End connections shall mate with flanged piping. Threaded and socket-welded ends shall not
be allowed.
2. End connections shall be as described below:
a. Flanges, flange facing, and pressure-temperature ratings shall conform to ASME B16.5
except that raised-face flange surface finish shall have 125- to 250-micro-inch
(3.2- to 6.35-um) Arithmetic Average Roughness Height (AARH) maximum roughness.
b. Flangeless-type bodies such as wafer-butterfly and ball shall be furnished with through
bolts and nuts.
1) Lug-type bodies shall be required.
2) Flangeless valves shall have a centering means (e.g., lugs, holes, or the equivalent)
to ensure proper alignment of valve and gasket.
c. “Welded-on” flanges and similar fabricated body constructions shall be acceptable only
with prior agreement from Purchaser.
d. Flanged end connections shall be RF conforming to ASME B16.5.
3. Separable flanges shall not be used unless otherwise reviewed and agreed by Purchaser.
Owner acceptance shall be required. Purchaser may agree only under the following
conditions:
a. Size shall be NPS 4 [DN 100] maximum.
b. Pressure shall be Class 300 maximum.
c. Temperature shall be 400°F (204°C) maximum.
d. Service shall be noncyclic (temperature).
e. Flange design shall comply with ASME B31.3.
Integrity Critical
4. Control valve face-to-face dimensions shall conform to the following applicable ASME/ISA
specifications:
a. ASME B16.10.
b. ISA 75.08.01 (ASME Classes 125, 150, 250, 300, and 600).
c. ISA 75.08.02 (ASME Classes 150, 300, and 600).
d. ISA 75.08.05 (ASME Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500).
e. ISA 75.08.06 (ASME Classes 900, 1500, and 2500).
f. ISA 75.08.08 (ASME Classes 150, 300, and 600).
5. Valve with a bolted bonnet, such as globe valves, angle valves, etc., shall have a bolted
bonnet with confined gasket.
a. Gasket material shall not be Teflon®.
b. Gasket shall not contain polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and/or shall not be reinforced
PTFE.
Note: This is to prevent the fluid inside the pipe from leaking and potentially fueling
a fire external to the valve/pipe.
c. Otherwise, gasket material shall be Supplier’s standard, provided it meets the
requirements specified in the applicable SPI data sheet form attached to any purchase
order to which this specification applies.
d. Production facilities may utilize a threaded bonnet connection in control valves less than
or equal to 2 inches (50 mm).
1) This requirement shall not apply to refining, petrochemical, or where industry
practice does not allow.
2) Each application shall require Purchaser review and agreement.
6. Extension or bellows seal bonnets shall be provided when specified.
7. As a precaution against bellows failure, bonnet shall be supplied with packing to seal the
valve stem and bonnet and a plugged pressure test connection.
8.0 Trim Selection

8.1 Characteristics
1. Cavitation and noise control trim that utilizes many small openings or passages—such as
holes, slots, or tubes—shall have these in a fixed portion of the valve (e.g., the cage or body).
2. Holes, slots, or tubes shall not be part of the plug, disk, or ball unless otherwise reviewed and
agreed to by Owner in writing before fabrication.
8.2 Threaded Connections

1. Threaded trim parts shall be pinned or spot-welded to supplement the threaded attachment.
2. Seat rings shall not be pinned or spot-welded.
3. Seat rings shall not be threaded.
Integrity Critical
8.3 Material
1. Trim shall be 13 Cr (400 series SS), as a minimum, for control valves with cage-guided
design.
2. Cages of cage-guided valves shall be a minimum of 17-4 PH stainless steel.
3. Trim items (such as plugs, seat rings, valve plug stems, stem lock pins, packing springs,
spacers, and packing followers) shall be fabricated from 316 stainless steel as a minimum.
4. If operating temperature exceeds 600°F (316°C), trim and guide post areas and rings shall be
hard-faced stellite, 316SS/Alloy 6 overlay, tungsten carbide, or equivalent subject to
Purchaser review and agreement. The material selected shall prevent galling and shall be
compatible with the process fluid.
5. Process fluids containing solids or particulates shall have trim that is stellite, 316 SS/Alloy 6
overlay, or tungsten carbide. Alternate material selection shall require Owner review and
agreement.
6. Alloy 6 typically is not used in boiler feedwater and steam applications; the chemical
treatment of the water causes the Alloy 6 binder to corrode as a result of these chemicals.
a. In these circumstances, 17-4ph or 440C may be possible alternatives.
b. Alternatives shall be investigated accordingly by a metallurgist.
7. Trim material metallurgy, as a minimum, shall meet the requirements of Table 4.
Table 4: Hardened Trim Applications

Flowing dP psid Flowing dP kPa Gases Steam Water HC Liquids
0‒100 0‒689 1 2 1 1
100‒200 689‒1379 1 2 4 2
200‒400 1379‒2758 1 2 4 4
400‒600 2758‒4137 1 3 4 4
600‒800 4137‒5516 1 3 4 4
800‒up 5516‒up 1 3 4 4
1 = Manufacturer’s standard valve trim (316 or 400 series stainless minimum).
2 = 400 series stainless minimum.
3 = Stellite trim (alloy 6 or 316/alloy 6 overlay for the seat ring and plug).
4 = Standard trim 400 series stainless or hard-faced stellite unless valve is cavitating or flashing.
• If cavitating, use anti-cavitating trim or harden trim according to the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
• If flashing, use harden trim (316SS/Alloy 6 overlay, stellite, tungsten carbide, 440C, or
Colmonoy® 6).
5 = Trim material metallurgy should be verified to be compatible with the process fluid. Amines in
steam and/or water applications have a tendency to penetrate and break away the stellite
overlay from the base material, thus causing issues such as not meeting shutoff classification.
Integrity Critical
8.4 Stem
1. Valve stem and plug configuration shall be one of the following:
a. Threaded and pinned.
b. Threaded, pinned, and welded.
c. One-piece design fabricated from bar stock.
2. Valve stems shall be finished to 4 micro-inches (0.1 um) root mean square (RMS). If the
valve packing is of the semi-metallic type, the valve stem shall be hard-chrome plated.
3. Stem seals of control valves installed in process fluid applications that contain VOCs shall
comply with FCI 91-1 for personnel and environmental protection.
8.5 Erosive or Corrosive Applications
8.5.1 Cage Guided Trim Valves

1. Erosive, corrosive, and particulates solids in process fluid applications tend to cause erosion
and corrosion as the process fluid flows through the control valve and across the control
valve trim and seats.
2. Cage guided trim valves with close tolerances between the cage and plug, with a single stage
pressure drop, and unprotected seats, shall be used only in clean liquid, vapor, or gas service.
3. Cage-guided trim valves with a multi-staged pressure drop trim design and protected seats
may be used in dirty (suspended solids/particulates in the process fluid) services.
4. Selection of cage-guided trim valves shall ensure that any particulates/solids suspended in
the process fluid are less than the diameter of the holes in the cage and trim.
5. Trim for valves in services that contain erosive or solids-bearing fluids shall be hardened
with a minimum hardness of 38 Rockwell C.
8.5.2 Flushing Valves

1. Control valve inherent design shall have an internal flow path that is self-flushing
(self-cleaning) so that permanent flushing connections and flushing valves are not required.
This shall be preferred to permanent flushing connections built into the control valve.
2. Permanent flushing connections shall be subject to Owner review and agreement.
8.6 Cavitation and Flashing
8.6.1 Cavitation
1. Globe valves shall be used in applications that are prone to cavitating (typically, rotary-type
control valves cavitate more quickly than globe valves).
2. Control valve design shall ensure that the inlet pressure (P1) is not less than the vapor
pressure (Pv) at the vena contracta (Pvc), to avoid cavitation.
Integrity Critical
3. Control valves that require cavitation or noise trim shall be submitted to Owner for review
and acceptance. The utilization of small passage cavitation/noise trim on processes that
contain particulates, solids, or plugging material shall be reviewed and engineered to ensure
that the small passageways will not become plugged.
4. Purchaser shall consult Supplier when specifying valve trim and body sizes for
valves in cavitating or flashing service applications (usually due to high pressure
drops/velocities). These shall be sized in accordance with Supplier recommendations and
verified by the valve manufacturer.
5. Design and selection of control valves shall address cavitation as follows:
a. Control valve design shall take multi-stage pressure drops across the control valve to
ensure that the outlet pressure is always greater than the Pv and the Pvc pressure is also
greater than the Pv.
b. Sometimes the degree of cavitation is low, and proper selection of metallurgy for the trim
and control valve is the best solution; in these circumstances, high-impingement areas
shall have hardened trim as a minimum and control valve body shall be alloy steel as a
minimum.
c. A system design change may either eliminate or reduce the degree of cavitation, as
follows:
1) Outlet pressure of the control valve can be increased to keep the Pvc pressure greater
than the Pv.
2) Control valve can be relocated so that the outlet pressure has more static head.
3) A restriction orifice can be installed downstream of the control valve to effectively
increase the control valve outlet pressure.
Note: Anti-cavitation trim typically reduces the Cv maximum of the control valve to
approximately 70 to 80 percent capacity with standard trim.
8.6.2 Flashing
1. Control valve design shall ensure that the outlet pressure (P2) remains greater than the Pv of
the fluid.
2. If flashing cannot be prevented, design criteria shall be considered to lessen the effects of
flashing and erosion, as follows:
a. Correct control valve geometry shall be selected.
1) Globe valves shall not be used, because their design includes a fluid flow path with
multiple fluid flow directional changes that tend to increase flashing/erosion.
2) A control valve design with a straight flow path shall be selected, such as an angle
valve or some rotary products.
b. Proper metallurgy of the trim and control valve shall be selected as follows:
1) High impingement areas shall have hardened trim as a minimum.
2) Control valve body shall be alloy steel as a minimum.
Integrity Critical
c. Fluid velocity through the control valve shall be decreased to minimize the impingement
impact.
1) Increased outlet of control valve can be used to reduce the fluid velocity to minimize
the results of erosion.
2) The outlet of the control valve may be installed at the inlet of a tank or vessel. If this
is done, the design shall ensure that the high-velocity fluid does not impact any
internals.
3. Angle valves installed in flashing service applications shall have replaceable (sacrificial)
outlet liners.
9.0 Trim Fabrication

9.1 Globe Valves
1. Globe valves having cage-type trim shall meet the following minimum requirements:
a. Controlled compression-type gaskets used as a pressure seal between adjoining portions
of the trim, or body and trim, shall not be subject to inner valve seat loading and
unloading.
b. The cage and plug shall be martensitic or precipitation-hardening stainless steel with a
hardness suitable for the intended service. Coefficients of thermal expansion for cage
and plug shall be similar, so that required clearances are maintained over the range of
operating temperatures.
c. Reduced trim for two nominal sizes smaller than valve body size shall be available as a
standard option.
d. The valve stem shall be threaded and pinned to the valve plug.
1) Valve stem shall be hardened stainless steel as standard.
2) The stem shall have a finish of 8 micro-inches (0.2 um) RMS or less for non-VOC
services.
3) Valves designated for VOC services shall have stem finishes of 4 micro-inches
(0.1 um) RMS or less.
2. Globe valves that have a sliding stem plug with seat rings shall meet the following minimum
requirements:
a. Double-seated valves shall not be used without Owner review and acceptance.
b. Single-seated valves shall be top and bottom guided or top guided only, providing the
guide post has sufficient diameter to provide lateral stability to the valve plug.
c. Plug and seat rings shall be martensitic or precipitation-hardening stainless steel with a
hardness suitable for the intended service, or stellite.
d. For services other than those containing hydrogen sulfide, guide material shall be
400 Brinell hardness (HB) minimum, with a differential hardness not less than 125 HB
between sliding surfaces.
Integrity Critical
e. Valve stem shall be threaded and pinned to the valve plug.

1) Stem shall be hardened stainless steel as standard.
2) Stem shall have a finish of 8 micro-inches (0.2 um) or less.
f. Bonnet and bottom flange, if supplied, shall be interchangeable to permit reversal of the
valve action without additional parts or alterations.
9.2 Ball Valves

1. Ball control valves shall meet the following minimum requirements:
a. Ball plug shall rotate through 90 degrees. Its surface shall be wiped clean by the shearing
action of a seal ring to prevent accumulation of solids and damage to the ball surface.
b. Ball shall be designed to control flow in either direction.
c. The seal ring shall provide reasonable shutoff when pressure is applied to the body in the
reverse direction.
d. Ball shaft shall be 304, 316, or 17-4 PH hardened stainless steel as a standard.
e. Ball plug shall be 316 SS with an electroless nickel-plated surface as standard.
f. Other trim parts shall be martensitic or precipitation-hardening stainless steel with a
hardness suitable for the intended service, unless otherwise specified.
g. A spline-type or taper-key connection shall be provided between the ball plug and the
actuator. Shear pins shall not be acceptable.
h. Ball plug position shall be indicated by an engraved marking or mechanical indicator
connected to the ball shaft.
i. Totally enclosed actuator linkage shall be provided.
j. For both throttling and on-off control valves, forces that are exerted by process fluid
dynamics and control valve actuator shall be designed so that no damage occurs to the
following (as a minimum):
1) Valve shaft and actuator shaft.
2) Valve disc.
3) Shaft shear pins or keys.
2. Floating ball design may be utilized through 2 inches (50 mm) with differential pressure
less than 50 psig (344.7 kPa).
3. Trunnion mounted ball design shall be utilized as follows:
a. Control valve sizes 4 inches (100 mm) and larger.
b. Differential pressures greater than 50 psig (344.7 kPa).
Integrity Critical
9.3 Disc Valves
Note: Disc valves include the following: butterfly, high-performance butterfly, and eccentric
disc control valves.
1. Lugged wafer, heavy-duty flangeless construction shall be standard.
2. The shaft shall be 304, 316, or 17-4 PH stainless steel supported by bushing-type or sleeve
bearings. Provision shall be made for bearing lubrication.
3. Butterfly valves and disc type valves normally shall be installed with the shaft in the
horizontal plane.
4. If shaft is not installed in the horizontal plane, thrust bearings designed to support the weight
of shaft and vane shall be provided.
5. Shaft shall have a spline or keyway connection with the actuator that allows valve action to
be easily changed.
6. Vanes shall meet the following requirements:
a. Vane position shall be indicated by an engraved mark on the end of the shaft.
b. Vane shall be carbon steel unless specified otherwise.
c. Vane shall be pinned to the shaft so that excessive vane torque shears the pin before
rupture of the vane or shaft.
10.0 Bonnet
10.1 Design
1. Bonnet shall have a bolted design.
2. Bonnet bolts shall not be used to attach actuators or mounting brackets.
3. A threaded bonnet connection may be utilized in production facilities in which control valves
are less than or equal to 2 inches (50 mm).
a. This requirement shall not apply to refining, petrochemical, or where industry practice
does not allow.
b. Each application shall require Owner review and agreement.
10.2 Gaskets
1. Bonnet gasket material, as a minimum, shall be as specified on the piping material
specification (PMS).
a. More stringent requirements may be necessary due to particular requirements for each
control valve application.
b. Bonnet gasket shall be compatible with the process, maximum temperature, and
maximum pressure.
Integrity Critical
2. Gaskets containing asbestos shall be unacceptable.

3. If valve is required to be fire safe, the following materials shall be considered fire safe:
a. Metal gaskets.
b. Flexible graphite gaskets.
10.3 Bolting
1. Supplier-recommended bonnet bolts shall be used unless Owner specifies otherwise.
2. Valve bonnets shall be bolted type with a retained-type gasket.
3. Plated bolting material shall not be used for pressure-containing parts.
4. The following valve components shall be 304 or 316 SS minimum:
a. Gland studs and nut (e.g., packing bolts).
b. Packing flange and follower.
5. Packing glands and followers shall be bolted for valves larger than 1 inch (25 mm).
6. Carbon steel screwed packing followers shall not be acceptable.
11.0 Packing
11.1 Design
1. Control valves shall have pre-formed ring packing.
2. Control valve packing shall meet the following requirements:
a. Comply with piping specification.
b. Comply with the process fluid application.
c. Utilize manufacturer’s sizing and selection criteria for temperature/pressure
curves.
3. Packing material and/or packing systems shall not be as follows:
a. Made of asbestos.
b. Coiled packing type.
c. Split-ring packing type.
d. Operable without lubrication.
e. Exceeding Supplier’s sizing and selection criteria for temperature/pressure curves.
f. Third party or non-OEM. Packing systems provided by the valve manufacturer
shall be considered acceptable.
4. Packing systems on control valves in hydrocarbon service shall meet fire test leakage
performance requirements.
Integrity Critical
11.2 Extension Bonnets

1. The cooling effects from use of an extended bonnet shall not be taken into account when
selecting the packing.
2. An extension bonnet shall be used to protect the actuator, positioner, and accessories at
service temperature above 750°F (399°C) or below 1.5°F (-17°C).
3. Extension bonnet shall be of the same material as the control valve body.
4. Control valves in applications with temperatures above 400°F (204°C) and less than
750°F (399°C) shall have high-temperature packing rather than extension bonnets.
11.3 Materials
1. Packing design and packing arrangement shall conform to Supplier’s sizing and selection
criteria for temperature/pressure curves.
2. Graphite-based packing shall be used for fire-safe applications.
3. Bellow seals shall require Owner review and acceptance.
4. The packing box (stuffing box) shall have a bolted gland-type packing flange.
5. Metals of at least 2000°F (1093°C) melting point shall be used for all parts of the stuffing box
assembly.
a. Parts shall include a gland follower, packing flange, nuts, and bolts.
b. For valves requiring stem lubrication, a lantern ring shall be provided.
c. Lantern ring material shall be compatible with the process fluid and shall not cause
scoring of the valve stem.
d. Torque requirements for the packing box shall be supplied.
6. PTFE packing shall be used only in nonflammable service.
a. Hydrocarbon services, except for lube oil, shall be considered flammable.
b. Valves using all-Teflon packing shall have a close clearance packing gland follower
assembly construction that provides 0.006-inch (0.15-mm) nominal clearance both at the
stem and at the inside diameter of the packing box.
c. Metals of at least 1750°F (954°C) melting point shall be used for all parts of the packing
gland assembly.
7. Packing for non-fugitive and fugitive emission services at specified temperature ranges shall
be in accordance with Table 5.
8. Stem or shaft packing shall be in accordance with Table 6.
Integrity Critical
Table 5: Non-Fugitive Emission and Fugitive Emission Packing Materials
Application Temperature (see Note) Packing Type Mfg/Model
Non-fugitive emission ‒20°F to 400°F 300 psig max Non-fugitive emission including steam
including steam (‒29°C to 204°C)
Non-fugitive emission — ‒20°F to 400°F Non-fugitive emission — vacuum

vacuum (‒29°C to 204°C)
Non-fugitive emission — ‒20°F to 400°F Non-fugitive emission — vacuum and

vacuum and positive pressure (‒29°C to 204°C) positive pressure
Non-fugitive emission 400°F to 1200°F < 1000°F = Braided graphite

(204°C to 649°C) > 1000°F = High-seal graphite in
non-oxidizing apps
Steam applications > 400°F (> 204°C) Enviro-Seal® Duplex or accepted

equal
Fugitive emission ‒20°F to 400°F Fugitive emission

(‒29°C to 204°C)
Fugitive emission with ‒20°F to 400°F Enviro-Seal Duplex or accepted equal

fluctuating temperatures (‒29°C to 204°C)
Fugitive emission 400°F to 1200°F Enviro-Seal Duplex or accepted equal

(204°C to 649°C)
Toxic services Metal bellows allowed? Yes with

Enviro-Seal Duplex, type ≤ 4 inch
Note: Packing shall conform to Supplier’s sizing and selection criteria for temperature/pressure curves.
Integrity Critical
Table 6: Stem or Shaft Packing
Service Design Packing and Type Manufacturer and Model Lubricant

Application Temperature
Non-Hydrocarbon Services
Hydrochloric Acid, ≤ 400°F Graphitic Fisher Enviro-Seal Graphite None

HF Acid, HCl Acid+ (≤ 204°C) (Five ring graphitic ULF packing or accepted
packing) equal
Hydrocarbons
All Others ≤ 400°F Teflon® Fisher Enviro-Seal PTFE None

(≤ 204°C) (Five ring solid Teflon® packing or accepted equal
or Teflon Chevron
Vee-Ring packing)
All Others ≥ 400°F Graphitic Fisher High-Seal Graphite None

(≥ 204°C) (Five ring graphitic ULF packing or accepted
packing) equal
Hydrocarbon Services (Non-VOC)
All All Graphitic Fisher Enviro-Seal Graphite None

ULF packing or accepted
equal
Hydrocarbon Services (VOC)
All ≤ 400°F Combination Fisher Enviro-Seal Duplex None

(≤ 204°C) graphitic/Teflon, packing or accepted equal
live-loaded, fire-safe per
fire test requirements
All ≥ 400°F Graphitic, live-loaded Fisher Enviro-Seal Graphite None

(≥ 204°C) High Seal packing or
accepted equal
Toxic Services
All ≤ 400°F Metal bellows ‒ Fisher Enviro-Seal Duplex None

(≥ 204°C) combination packing or accepted equal;
Graphitic/Teflon®, used typically with control
live-loaded, fire-safe per valves ≤ 4 inches (102 mm)
fire test requirements
Integrity Critical
12.0 Lubrication
1. Control valve packing systems shall be designed without lubricators.
2. Provision for future installation of lubricators shall be made if warranted by the following:
a. Project documentation calls for such provisions (e.g., P&IDs or valve data sheets).
b. It is determined that maintenance and packing replacement will be required prior to a
scheduled facility or unit shutdown in which the control valve cannot be removed from
service.
c. The application is not greater than 500°F (260°C) or oxygen service.
d. Owner review and agreement is obtained.
3. If provisions for future lubricators are required, the following shall be provided:
a. Packing glands shall be drilled and tapped for future installation of lubricator and
stainless steel isolating valves.
b. A ball check valve shall be provided to prevent back flow of the process fluid.
c. Threaded openings shall be plugged with a solid-type metal plug that is compatible with
the valve body material.
13.0 Fugitive Emissions

Fugitive emissions considerations shall be as follows:
1. Packing shall limit fugitive emissions. Fugitive emissions of any substance containing more
than 5 percent by weight of volatile hazardous air pollutant as defined in the EPA 40 CFR,
Part 63, shall be limited in accordance with the applicable local regulation or limited to a
maximum of 100 parts per million, whichever is more stringent.
2. Determination of leaks and monitoring requirements shall comply with EPA 40 CFR,
Parts 60 and 61, respectively.
3. Packing design shall be reviewed and accepted by Owner before implementation.
4. Control valves shall be designed, selected, and installed to permit easy access of monitoring
packing areas prone to fugitive emissions without removing equipment or devices.
5. The control valve data sheet shall identify whether fire-safe packing is required.
14.0 Noise
1. Noise level produced by control valves shall meet the following requirements:
a. Continuous: Operation is for more than 2 hours per shift. Noise emissions from control
valves shall not exceed 85 dB(A).
b. Infrequent: Each occurrence is less than 30 minutes in duration. Total cumulative effect
of each occurrence shall be less than 2 hours per year (e.g., emergency and relief
conditions). Noise emissions from control valves shall not exceed 95 dB(A).
Integrity Critical
c. Intermittent: Each occurrence is no more than 2 hours during the startup and shutdown.
Noise emissions from control valves shall not exceed 95 dB(A).
d. Remote: Areas in which personnel are not normally present during periods of higher
noise emission (e.g., tank farm, flare line). Noise emissions from control valves shall not
exceed 85 dB(A).
e. Normally attended: These include fence line areas next to publicly traveled areas, areas
bordering residential areas, and normally traveled areas within the plant. More stringent
noise criteria may need to be applied to these applications on a case-by-case basis. These
requirements shall be stated in the project technical requirements.
2. Noise level shall be based on 3.3 feet (1 m) downstream and 3.3 feet (1 m) from the surface
of the attached piping.
3. Control valve noise calculations shall be performed for all control valves. For the noise
calculations to be valid, standards ISA 75.17 and/or IEC 60534-8-3 shall be used in
determining the noise levels produced by control valves.
a. For aerodynamic noise of gases, steam, or vapor, ISA 75.17 or IEC 60534-8-3
calculations shall be used.
b. Calculations shall include all process conditions as stated in the data sheet for maximum,
normal, and minimum flow, and any other abnormal conditions such as startup,
shutdown, and other unique conditions.
c. For hydrodynamic noise, IEC 60534-8-4 shall be used.
d. The valve noise prediction calculation shall not include a built-in reduction allowance or
acoustical noise attenuation allowance.
4. Noise emissions shall not exceed the limits per this specification and as stated in the control
valve data sheet, SPI Data Sheets forms 16000 and 16100.
5. A control valve design that generates noise emissions greater than 85 dB(A) shall require
review and acceptance by Owner.
6. Supplier shall advise Owner if the calculated noise level exceeds the 85 dB(A) value as stated
in the control valve data sheet, SPI Data Sheet forms 16000 and 16100, and per this
specification.
7. Supplier shall obtain Owner review and agreement to design and select a control valve that
generates noise emissions greater than 85 dB(A).
8. Calculated noise level shall not exceed the control valve noise emissions per this
specification.
a. In the event that a control valve is operating with a noise emission greater than 85 dB(A),
Supplier shall be consulted to verify that the control valve will perform correctly for the
expected duration with no damage to the control valve and associated piping system at
noise emissions greater than 85 dB(A).
b. Stress analysis shall be conducted to ensure that damage does not occur to either the
control valve or the associated piping systems and supports. The engineering contractor
shall perform stress analysis as well.
Integrity Critical
9. Control valve noise shall be treated at the source, except as noted below. The provision of
low-noise multipath and/or multistage trim designs shall be required because it reduces noise
at multiple operating points.
10. Diffusers, baffle plates, and silencers—either inside the valve body or downstream of the
valve—shall not be permitted for the following applications:
a. Process control/feed regulation.
b. Continuous letdown.
c. Intermittent letdown in daily service.
d. Recirculation in daily service.
11. Noise generated by diffusers or baffle plates shall be calculated with ISA 75.17 or with
IEC 60534-8-3 as a separate system from the valve trim and included in the overall noise
source. If a diffuser is being considered, then the noise level shall be calculated at half the
design flow.
12. For other applications, special attention shall be given to the possible limited flow ranges of
these devices (i.e., noise reduction from these devices is generally reduced at low-flow
conditions).
13. Hardened materials in trim design shall be used to assist in prolonging the life of the
control valve.
15.0 Actuators
15.1 Universal Criteria
1. Actuator sizing shall be based on the following:
a. Controllability.
b. The speed of response required.
c. Maximum shutoff differential pressure.
d. The design of the actuator and valve assembly.
2. Actuator sizing is usually based on the forward flow direction, however, there are instances
in which bidirectional flow requirements shall be met. In these instances, actuator sizing
shall address the reverse flow direction.
3. Sufficient actuator thrusts, tubing diameter, and accessory sizes shall be provided to
minimize the dead band, hysteresis, frequency response, and speed of response at all process
conditions.
4. Instrument air supply to actuator shall not cause excessive forces from the maximum actuator
torque/thrust that would result in damage to any component of control valve assembly and
accessories, such as shear key, valve stem, etc.
5. An instrument tubing relief valve shall be installed in the instrument air supply line to the
control valve if the control valve, actuator, and/or accessories cannot operate safely at the
upper design pressure of the instrument air header pressure.
Integrity Critical
6. Emerson H-800 relief or H-120 instrument tubing relief valves shall be required when
instrument air supply overpressure can occur, resulting in the instrument air supply pressure
being greater than the design pressure of the instrument air components on the control valve
assembly.
Note: An air-filter regulator is not sufficient to protect the instrument air control valve
assembly components from an over pressure scenario. The air-filter regulator has
an indeterminate failure position. When the air-filter regulator fails in the open
position, the instrument air header supply pressure will usually exceed the design
pressure of some instrument air components on the control valve assembly.
7. Actuator for a throttling or on/off control valve application shall be designed to produce
sufficient torque/thrust to overcome the static and dynamic forces of process fluid and
frictional forces of the valve itself at a minimum instrument air supply pressure, as specified.
8. A means for safely hoisting the actuator, either separately or assembled to the control valve,
shall be provided. Lifting lugs, or areas where lifting straps may be secured without
damaging any of the components on the actuator or control valve, shall be considered
adequate.
9. Direct-connected valves shall have steel diaphragm housings for services in which
hydrocarbons actuate the diaphragm.
10. Unless otherwise specified, valve actuator shall be pneumatic spring-return diaphragm-type
without force multiplying linkages, or spring-return piston-type. Vane and other type
actuators may be appropriate for rotary-type valves.
15.2 Sizing
1. Maximum upstream pressure and temperature shall represent the upset conditions during
which the valve is expected to control.
a. Maximum process pressure may be the pump shutoff head, against which the control
valve must close or the relief valve setting of the upstream equipment.
b. Maximum temperature shall be the temperature used for sizing the relief device that
occurs at relieving conditions.
2. Actuator shall be sized to provide, under minimum instrument air header pressure conditions,
sufficient torque or thrust to position and fully stroke the valve within the specified stroking
time against the maximum differential pressures that may develop under the specified design
conditions.
3. Actuator shall be sized to meet control, shutoff, and leakage class at the minimum instrument
air pressure identified in the control valve data sheet.
4. Supplier shall confirm the breakout torque requirements and the maximum percentage
opening limit for stable operation.
5. Actuator shall be rated for the maximum available instrument air supply pressure.
6. Instrument air supply pressure shall be verified and regulated to prevent exceeding torque,
thrust, and actuator case pressure specifications.
7. Supplier shall provide filter or filter/regulator, whichever is applicable according to this
specification and the control valve data sheet.
Integrity Critical
8. Sliding stem actuator shall have a valve position indicator that shows position of valve stem
against a full travel linear scale.
9. A travel indicator, graduated in opening percentages, shall be attached to the rotary valve
actuator end of the shaft.
10. Tubing shall be sized to meet the required valve stroke response time.
11. Supplier shall provide to the actuator Sub-Supplier the valve operating torque and thrust
calculations, including valve safety factors, stroke, and stroking time as defined in Table 7,
which lists the minimum data set.
12. Actuators for throttling or on/off control valve application shall be designed to produce
sufficient thrust/torque to overcome the static and dynamic forces of process fluid and
frictional forces of the valve itself without damaging the control valve assembly, such as the
shear key.
13. Actuators shall be designed, sized, and selected to move the valve closure member
throughout its entire travel or rotation, as applicable, for positioning the closure member
against the maximum differential pressure at all process conditions, as a minimum. Each
requirement shall be applied in the sizing and selection of the actuator to determine the
actuator selection as follows:
a. Actuator, as a minimum, shall be sized for 1.1 times maximum shutoff pressure.
Note: The sizing factor had been much greater than 1.1, but was decreased. Any
deviation from the specification would assume that we know all of the
parameters and process conditions with certainty. Actuator sizing is complex
and there can be a difference in the force balance from the design to after
startup, when there are actual process conditions, and throughout the life cycle
of the control valve and facility.
Variables within the control valve assembly (control valve body and actuator)
can change throughout the life cycle (packing, friction, positioner, instrument
air supply, seals, springs, diaphragm, etc.). The design factor of 1.1 is
considered a minimum.
Additionally, the process engineers provide the design pressure and design
temperature, which is used to design the piping system, vessels, tanks,
equipment, valves, control valves, etc. These design parameters of pressure and
temperature must be used in the design to ensure that the control valves will
function based on all conditions.
Pump curves and the like are not used, because these values may change over
time. If the actuator was sized, selected, and based on a lower operating
pressure and temperature, the valve would not work or would not work properly.
Many times these types of parameters of a control valve are not thoroughly
investigated.
1) Maximum shutoff pressure shall be the differential between the upstream and
downstream pressures with the control valve in the closed position.
Integrity Critical
Table 7: Actuator and Valve Torque/Thrust Sizing Parameter
Quote / Project Name: _____________________ Supplier: ____________________ Owner: _________________Project:_____________________
Min. Max.
Parameter Parameter Units
(psig) (psig)
Actuator Sizing Pressure Torque/Thrust
Cust. Valve/Tag VBTO VRTO VETO VBTC VRTC VETC MAVIT

Line No.: Qty.
Item No.: Actuator ABTO ARTO AETO ABTC ARTC AETC AMT
Notes:
1. Valve torque values in this table include the sizing safety factor. The MAVIT torque parameter shall not have the sizing safety factor applied.
2. Actuator torque values in this table do not include the sizing safety factor.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Sizing Sizing
Safety Safety
Valve Parameters Actuator Parameters
Factor Factor
(%) (%)
VBTO – Valve Break Torque Open 25 ABTO – Actuator Break Torque Open 25
VRTO – Valve Run Torque Open 25 ARTO – Actuator Run Torque Open 25
VETO – Valve End Torque Open 25 AETO – Actuator End Torque Open 25
VBTC – Valve Break Torque Close 25 ABTC – Actuator Break Torque Close 25
VRTC – Valve Run Torque Close 25 ARTC – Actuator Run Torque Close 25
VETC – Valve End Torque Close 25 AETC – Actuator End Torque Close 25
MAVIT– Maximum Allowable Valve Input Torque None AMT – Actuator Maximum Torque 25
Integrity Critical
2) Upstream pressure shall be defined as full flange rating (piping design pressure)
at design temperature and pressure. If known, an acceptable alternative to the full
flange rating (piping design pressure) is to use 110 percent of the pressure safety
valve (PSV) set pressure.
3) Downstream pressure on the downstream side of control valve shall be defined as
either atmospheric or, if the application warrants, vacuum.
Note: API 553 defines the maximum differential pressure the same way.
b. Actuator available torque/thrust at each valve closure member position shall, as a
minimum, be 25 percent greater than the valve required torque/thrust at each
corresponding valve closure member position.
14. Actuator sizing calculations (using the selected actuator Supplier catalog sizing data) shall be
completed by the design engineer (Supplier). The calculations shall be reviewed and checked
by the Purchaser and compared to the calculations provided by the valve Supplier to confirm
that the actuator will open and close the valve using the full flange rating pressure multiplied
by a sizing factor of 1.1 for the maximum differential pressure and the temperature, as noted
in the individual data sheet.
Note: The full flange rating pressure is typically from the material flow diagram (MFD) or
other source of process information that dictates the design pressure and design
temperature of the piping system. These conditions dictate the design pressure of the
system in which the flanges are installed; therefore, the “full flange rating pressure”
is equivalent to this design pressure of the piping system multiplied by a 1.1 factor.
a. Torque outputs provided by the actuator manufacturer to meet the valve application shall
be guaranteed minimum values.
b. Differences in calculations, if any, shall be reconciled prior to purchase by the Purchaser.
15. Actuator sizing calculations (using the selected actuator Supplier catalog sizing data) shall be
completed by the design engineer (Supplier) and checked against the calculations provided
by the valve Supplier to confirm that the actuator will open and close the valve per the
requirements of Table 7.
16. A specific actuator/valve torque graph (see Figure 1) shall be provided for each automated
on/off valve.
Note: Figure 1 depicts the relationship between the torques of the valve and the actuator
for both the spring force and the instrument air force cycles.
a. A specific actuator/valve torque graph shall be provided by both the valve
Supplier/manufacturer and the actuator Supplier/manufacturer. This torque graph
shall show the values for the valve and actuator and shall ensure that the actuator
torques/thrusts meet the requirements of this specification and the automated on/off
valve application.
b. The valve and actuator torque/thrust curves shall be provided on a single plot.
Integrity Critical
Figure 1: Typical Actuator/Valve Torque Graph
Figure 1 – Definitions:
TA1 = actuator available torque via spring force
TA2 = actuator available torque via instrument air pressure force
TV1 = valve torque based on ∆Pmax = full flange (FF) rating
TV2 = valve torque based on ∆Pmax = 1.25 *FF rating
Figure 1 – Criteria/Requirements:
TA1 and TA2 ≥ 1.25 * TV1 at all points on the curve
TA1 and TA2 ≥ 1.25 * TV2 at all points on the curve
15.3 Performance
Control valve, actuator, and positioner system performance shall be as follows:
1. For general service applications, the dead band shall be less than 0.75 percent and the
installed resolution shall be less than or equal to 0.25 percent.
2. Applications on licensed and critical or severe service processes shall have an installed
dead band less than 0.5 percent and the installed resolution shall be less than or equal
to 0.25 percent.
15.4 Design
1. In the opening direction, a travel limit stop shall be engaged before the valve plug reaches
its travel limit.
a. The stop shall be designed to absorb any force transmitted to it.
b. In the closing direction, the valve plug shall seal before the actuator reaches its
travel limit.
2. Actuator characteristic shall be linear throughout the entire range.
Integrity Critical
15.5 Fail Position

1. Actuator shall drive the valve to a safe position on loss of signal or motive power.
2. Actuator shall have an enclosed spring to achieve fail-safe action. Valve failure position shall
comply with Owner-accepted P&IDs and the control valve data sheets, SPI Data Sheet
forms 16100 and 16101.
3. When sizing the actuator spring, the process pressure shall not be considered if this pressure
assists in achieving the fail-safe position.
4. Seat leakage shutoff criteria for control valves on the loss of motive force (e.g., air supply)
shall be as follows:
a. Seat leakage shutoff classification shall be met with spring force only. The spring shall
be sufficient to maintain seat leakage shutoff classification at maximum differential
pressure on loss of motive force.
b. On loss of motive force, the control valve shall return to required end position (usually
closed [e.g., plug/ball/disc to seat]), using spring force only.
c. On loss of motive force (e.g., control signal or instrument air), other motive forces shall
not be used to maintain seat leakage shutoff classification at maximum differential
pressure as follows:
1) Air assistance.
2) Process line pressure assistance.
15.6 Material
1. Actuator material of construction shall be Supplier’s standard material.
2. Valve yokes shall be nodular iron, high-tensile-strength cast iron, or steel, unless specified
otherwise in the individual control valve data sheet.
3. Actuator installed in cold atmospheric operating conditions less than 1.5°F (-17°C) shall
require a Charpy impact test per project and facility requirements.
4. Springs, internal parts, fasteners, and hardware shall be resistant to the corrosive effects of
the environment.
5. Control valve body, actuator, etc., shall be as follows:
a. Control valve body and actuator shall be painted with the Supplier’s standard paint and
color, unless specified otherwise for downstream, refining, and chemical facilities.
b. A 3-coat epoxy marine grade offshore paint with an epoxy second coat and a
polyurethane top coat shall be used for valves, actuators, and mounting brackets, where
applicable, for offshore facilities and other environments with high moisture, salt air,
cooling towers, sulfur plants, etc.
c. Paint and color requirements shall be subject to Purchaser review and agreement.
6. Control valve actuator external hardware such as nuts, bolts, screws, accessory mounting,
clamps, diaphragm housing bolts, etc., shall be 316 SS, as a minimum.
7. Breather material on top of the actuator shall be a minimum 316 SS.
Integrity Critical
15.7 Spring and Diaphragm Actuators

1. Spring and diaphragm actuators shall be of the enclosed spring type. Both the normal
operating and bench set pressures shall fall within the following limits:
a. Actuators without positioners shall have Purchaser review and acceptance and shall
require bench set pressure of 3 to 15 psig (20.7 to 103.4 kPa). Owner shall provide
acceptance with this design.
b. Actuators with positioners shall require bench set pressure of 3 to 15 psig
(20.7 to 103.4 kPa) or 6 to 30 psig (41.4 to 206.8 kPa).
2. Bench sets shall be adjusted with the actuator stem disconnected from the valve stem.
3. For balanced plug valves, actuator spring rate shall be high enough to eliminate any slope
reversal in the curve relating plug position to stem force when the actuator curve is added to
the plug curve for the actual operating conditions.
4. For all valve types, actuators shall be stiff enough to maintain the valve stem position when
the unbalanced forces on the plug change suddenly.
5. Nominal diaphragm spring ranges shall be 3 to 15 psig (20.7 to 103.4 kPa) or 6 to 30 psig
(41.4 to 206.8 kPa).
6. Minimum air pressure for sizing diaphragm actuators shall be 30 psig (206.8 kPa).
7. If control valve is not provided with a positioner, instrument air supply shall be regulated in
accordance with the following:
a. Instrument air supply shall be a minimum of 10 psig (69 kPa) above spring range
(bench set) of actuator.
b. The 10 psig (69 kPa) requirement may be increased if additional instrument air supply
pressure can reduce actuator size or provide more force to achieve the ANSI-class
leakage shutoff requirement.
c. All devices in the instrument air loop for control valve assembly shall be rated and
designed for this regulated pressure, including air supply filter, air supply regulator,
current-to-pneumatic (I/P) transducers, diaphragm, actuator housing, and solenoid
valves.
d. If 10 psig (69 kPa) above spring range exceeds rated/designed pressure of any
component, pressure for instrument air shall be regulated at the design pressure of the
component having the lowest design pressure.
8. If the control valve is provided with a positioner, instrument air supply shall be regulated at a
minimum of 5 psig (34.5 kPa) above the actuator-required pressure to achieve fully open or
closed positions (e.g., if actuator requires 6 to 30 psig [41.4 to 206.8 kPa], then the supply
pressure will be set at a minimum of 35 psig [241.3 kPa]).
a. All devices in the instrument air loop for control valve assembly shall be rated/designed
for 50 psig (344.7 kPa), including air supply filter, air supply regulator, I/P, positioner,
diaphragm, actuator housing, and solenoid valves.
b. If 50 psig (344.7 kPa) exceeds rated/designed pressure of any component, pressure for
instrument air shall be regulated at design pressure of the component that has lowest
design pressure.
Integrity Critical
9. Minimum bench set range for control valve assemblies with a digital controller positioner
shall be 1/3 (33 percent) of the span. For example, the minimum bench set range in an
offshore environment for non-critical control valve applications such as level and
temperature loops shall conform to the following:
a. 4 psig (27.6 kPa) for an instrument air supply pressure to actuator of 3 to 15 psig
(20.7 to 103.4 kPa).
b. 8 psig (55.2 kPa) for an instrument air supply pressure to actuator of 6 to 30 psig
(41.4 to 206.8 kPa).
10. Minimum bench set range for critical control valve assemblies with current-to-pneumatic
transducers (analog devices) shall be 1/2 (50 percent) of the span.
Note: For example, 6 psig (41.4 kPa) for an instrument air supply pressure to actuator
of 3 to 15 psig (20.7 kPa to 103.4 kPa); or 12 psig (82.7 kPa) for an instrument
air supply pressure to actuator of 6 to 30 psig (41.4 to 206.8 kPa).
11. If control valve does not have a positioner, instrument air supply shall be regulated at 10 psig
(68.9 kPa) above spring range (bench set) of actuator.
12. If control valve has a positioner, instrument air supply shall be regulated at 50 psig
(344.7 kPa).
15.8 Piston and Vane Actuators

1. Piston and vane actuators (with Owner review and acceptance for the application) shall be
used in the following situations:
a. If valve stem or shaft loading is high.
b. If fast valve action response is required.
c. If a compact physical installation is required.
2. If the air supply pressure is not specified, cylinder/piston actuators shall be sized for 60 psig
(413.7 kPa).
3. Actuator shall be designed to meet control and shutoff requirements with the minimum
available air supply.
4. Air exhaust connections shall not be directed towards personnel. Air exhaust connections
shall be oriented and equipped as required to exclude or minimize the entry of water, dirt, and
insects.
5. Valves with piston operators shall be sized at the minimum instrument air pressure of 60 psig
(413.7 kPa) or per project technical requirements, whichever is more stringent.
6. The pneumatic control system for the control valve assembly shall be designed for a
maximum instrument air supply of 150 psig (1034.2 kPa).
15.9 Volume Tank

1. Use of volume tank shall be reviewed and accepted by Owner.
2. Springless piston-cylinder (double-acting) actuators shall have a volume tank.
Integrity Critical
3. Volume tanks shall meet the following requirements:

a. Volume tanks shall be sized to fully stroke the valve through two travel cycles.
1) One travel cycle shall be defined as the closure member travels from either the open
to closed or closed to open position.
2) This sizing criteria shall also include a 25 percent design sizing factor.
b. Volume tanks shall be limited to less than 1.5 cubic feet (0.04 cubic meter). Sizes greater
than this shall be submitted to Purchaser for review and agreement, and may require
ASME certification.
c. Instrument air pressure used in sizing the volume tank shall be as follows:
1) 35 psig (241.3 kPa) for diaphragm actuators.
2) 60 psig (413.7 kPa) for piston actuators.
d. If, due to size, pressure rating, or local regulations, the volume tank must conform to
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Part U-1, the capacity
tank shall be ASME Code stamped and shall be equipped with a pressure relief device.
The piping specification shall provide additional requirements as necessary.
e. Department of Transportation (DOT) vessels shall not be acceptable.
f. Volume tanks shall be vertical in design.
g. Volume tanks shall be equipped with the proper accessories (tubing, fittings, pressure
transmitters, solenoid valves, relief valves, etc.) to ensure that the valve fails in the safe
position.
1) Installed system shall enable online testing to ensure that the system is operational as
designed.
2) This system shall be able to interface with the control system and/or the SIS to
ensure the required control valve action and failure position can be achieved on
demand.
h. If lock-up devices are required to obtain failure position (Fail Last) per the P&ID, data
sheet, etc., these devices shall be set at 35 psig (241.3 kPa) for diaphragm actuated valves
and 60 psig (413.7 kPa) for piston actuated valves.
i. Purchaser shall have the option to inspect tanks at fabricating facility.
j. Piping schematic and tank dimensions shall be subject to Purchaser review and
agreement before fabrication.
4. Volume tank materials and coatings shall be designed and selected for offshore upstream
applications to eliminate the effects of corrosion.
a. Stainless steel volume tanks shall be preferred.
b. Hot-dipped galvanized volume tanks shall not be acceptable for offshore or
offshore-type environments.
c. Material selection for items such as tubing, fittings, devices, components, etc., shall be
corrosion resistant for the application and the same as those used on the valve assembly.
Integrity Critical
15.10 Testing
1. The actuator and associated accessories shall be assembled, piped, and mounted on the
control valve and aligned, tested, and shipped as a complete unit.
2. Designer shall coordinate the installation and orientation of valve accessories with Supplier
before final assembly and shipment.
3. Actuator orientation shall be included on the specification sheet when ordering the valve.
This shall include position number for rotary valves. The orientation shall be double-checked
before shipping.
16.0 Positioners
16.1 Digital Controller Positioner
Note: Owner specifications refer to “positioners” as “digital controller positioners.”

1. Control valves shall have digital controller positioners with diagnostics.
2. Except as described in Section 16.2 and Section 16.3, all control valves shall be equipped
with digital controller positioners.
3. Reverse-acting control valve positioners and transducers shall not be used.
4. All control valves shall have online and continuous diagnostics.
5. Digital controller positioners shall meet the following requirements:
a. Use Foundation Fieldbus, 4-20 mA HART, or other Owner-accepted communication
protocol as input signal.
b. Provide diagnostic functions and information through hand-held communicator, laptop
computer, or computer console.
c. Be equipped with linkageless (non-contact) position feedback.
6. Digital controller positioner diagnostics, as a minimum, shall meet the following
requirements:
a. Perform diagnostic checks while the control valve is in-service and operating.
b. Be available online and have continuous diagnostics.
c. Initiate step responses, valve signature, etc., during operation.
d. Detect all problems associated with the control valve, actuator, digital controller
positioner, instrument air supply, solenoid valve, etc.
e. Control via control valve travel sensor feedback as the primary source and use pressure
control as a secondary method.
7. Digital controller positioners shall have a design feature that allows the positioner to continue
to function (control) even if the position feedback is lost from the control valve. This feature
shall be user configurable for automatic or manual recovery.
8. Optimized anti-surge actuation systems shall be required, as well as continuous online
diagnostics on anti-surge valves and other severe service control valves.
Integrity Critical
9. Digital controller positioners shall not have bypass assemblies.

10. All digital controller positioners shall have Owner-assigned tag number and shall be
configured prior to delivery.
16.2 Electro-Pneumatic Transducer Positioners

1. Electro-pneumatic positioners shall not be used unless otherwise reviewed and agreed by
Purchaser, and accepted by Owner.
2. Electro-pneumatic positioners shall be as follows:
a. Shall convert 4 to 20 mA direct current (DC) electronic signal to 3 to 15 psig
(20.7 to 103.4 kPa) or 6 to 30 psig (41.4 to 206.9 kPa) output signal, as required.
b. Shall be configured to be direct acting rather than reverse acting.
c. May be remotely mounted from control valve if Purchaser reviews and agrees and if
transducers are not rated for maximum temperature and vibration.
d. Shall have minimum air flow rating of 0.25 scfm (7080 sccm/m).
3. I/P transducers and control valves provided with pneumatic relays or solenoid valves shall be
provided with an output air gauge to measure diaphragm pressure.
16.3 Pneumatic Controller Positioner

1. Pneumatic controllers shall not be used unless otherwise reviewed and accepted by Owner.
2. Pneumatic controller valve positioners for all services shall be calibrated for an input of
3‒15 psig (20.7‒103.4 kPa). Instrument air output signal shall be the range required by the
actuator as specified previously for each control valve application.
3. Pneumatic controller valve positioners shall be provided with a bypass except on split ranges,
reverse-acting positioners, or if the input and output signal ranges differ.
4. Pneumatic controller valve positioners shall have full by-pass assemblies except for split
range pneumatic positioners or where spring/diaphragm range is other than 3‒15 psig
(20.7‒103.4 kPa).
5. Each positioner shall be provided complete with supply, input, and output air gauges.
16.4 Design and Sizing

1. Digital controller positioners, pneumatic valve positioners, and electro-pneumatic valve
positioners and transducers shall give increasing output to the diaphragm for increasing
control signal from the controller.
2. Positioners shall be equipped with the Supplier’s standard supply, input, and output gauges,
unless otherwise specified.
3. A positioner bypass shall be provided only if specified by Owner.
4. Pneumatic boosters shall be used in conjunction with positioners in applications such as
pressure control to achieve the required response time.
Integrity Critical
5. Positioners shall meet the following requirements:

a. Use two-wire loop power (4-20 mA HART).
b. Comply with NAMUR NE 43 and NAMUR NE 107.
c. Provide pneumatic output signal in which range is as required by actuator.
d. Meet electrical area classification where installed.
e. Meet NEMA 4X and IP67 requirements.
6. Pressure gauges supplied with positioners that are not enclosed in positioner housing shall
have stainless steel cases.
16.5 Materials
1. Valve positioner cases shall be as follows:
a. Epoxy-painted aluminum or 316 stainless steel where applicable for downstream,
refining, and chemical facilities.
b. 316 stainless steel for offshore facilities.
2. Fasteners shall be 316 stainless steel.
16.6 Assembly and Installation

1. Positioner shall be mounted on plates or bosses on the control valve dedicated for that
purpose.
2. Positioner shall be mounted, piped, and aligned by Supplier to provide a complete control
valve assembly.
3. Positioners, relays, boosters, and transducers furnished with control valves shall be mounted
and connected by the Supplier using 3/8-inch (10-mm) (as a minimum) 316 stainless steel
tubing. Tubing fittings shall be compression type—Swagelok®, Parker CPI™, or equal as
authorized by Purchaser.
4. Positioners (or boosters, if specified) with regulator shall be rigidly mounted and piped.
5. Regulators shall not be supported by nipples.
6. Installation shall meet the following requirements:
a. Stainless steel tubing shall not be nicked or cut, which would cause a source of structural
weakness.
b. Gauges shall be provided for regulator and positioner input supply and output.
7. Valving and other accessories shall be positioned and physically spaced relative to other
components and devices on the control valve assembly so as to allow convenient access for
operation and maintenance.
8. Valves with position stops that limit the travel of each control valve in the open or closed
position shall have the stops located on the exterior of the valve body to provide clear
indication of full open and closed positions.
Integrity Critical
9. Control valves shall have the actuator installed in a vertical direction rather than a horizontal
direction.
10. Equipment shall comply with NAMUR (VDE/VDI 3845) mounting standards.
17.0 Tubing
1. Pneumatic tubing shall be 0.375 × 0.035-inch (9.525 × 0.889-mm) wall seamless stainless
steel tubing or the equivalent in flex tubing.
2. Fittings shall be as follows:
a. Swagelok or Purchaser-reviewed and -accepted equal.
b. Constructed of stainless steel.
3. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-covered stainless steel tubing may be required in
corrosive environment with Purchaser review and agreement. Fitting joints shall be taped.
4. Flex tubing connections may be 1/4-inch (6-mm) male national pipe thread (MNPT) by
3/8-inch (6-mm) tubing stub.
5. Flexible hose shall be stainless steel with a tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) liner and rated for at
least 2000 psig (13789.5 kPa).
6. Flexible tubing shall use machined threads.
18.0 Regulators
18.1 Air Sets
Note: Owner specifications use the terms “air sets” and “regulators” synonymously when
supplying instrument air to the control valve assembly.
1. Instrument air supply to the control valve assembly shall meet the requirements of
ISA 7.0.01.
2. Air sets that are required on control valves shall be rigidly mounted to valve yoke if
mounting pads are provided.
3. Diaphragm actuated control valves shall have an air set.
4. Piston actuated control valves may not require a regulator if all instrument air components in
the pneumatic loop are rated for the maximum unregulated instrument air supply pressure.
5. If an air set is not required, a filter shall be provided. This type of installation shall require
Purchaser review and acceptance, and Owner acceptance. Filter size shall be no larger
than 5 micron.
6. Air sets shall not be supported by pipe nipples from positioners.
a. Air sets for positioners shall be close-coupled to the positioner.
b. The air set should be bolted and close-coupled to control valve positioner.
7. Regulators shall be mounted in the horizontal position.
Integrity Critical
8. If instrument air supply to control valve assembly must be regulated, the pneumatic
instruments on control valve assemblies shall be supplied with Fisher 67CFSR (preferred) or
67CFR. If the control valve assembly does not have another instrument with a pressure gauge
that provides the same pressure measurement, then the 67CFSR (preferred) or 67CFR shall
be provided with an output pressure gauge.
9. Air set body pressure rating shall be designed and selected to withstand maximum P1
resulting from blocked in downstream conditions.
10. Air set shall have both an integral filter and internal relief.
11. Air set metallurgy shall comply with the following:
a. As a minimum, the following components of the air set shall be stainless steel:
bolting, adjusting screw, locknut, filter retainer, and drain valve.
b. The control spring shall be Inconel.
c. As a preferred alternative, the body and spring case (CF8M/CF3M) and all other
hardware and components shall be stainless steel.
18.2 Process Pressure Regulators
Note: The industry defines pressure regulators to be either self-operated or pilot operated.
Self-operated and direct operated pressure regulators are used synonymously.
18.2.1 General
1. The data sheet shall specify startup, normal, abnormal, or shutdown conditions as applicable.
2. The following data set shall be required to specify a pressure regulator:
a. Pressure regulator control type as reducing, back pressure, or differential.
b. Inlet and outlet pressures, P1 and P2, respectively.
c. Control set pressure.
d. Flow rate.
e. Specific gravity or molecular weight.
f. Temperature.
g. Line size.
h. Connection type and ANSI Class rating.
i. Material requirements.
j. Particulate type, size, and percentage by weight.
3. Performance of pressure regulators shall be considered in the selection of the device for the
application, such as the following:
a. Maximum allowable downstream pressure.
b. Maximum allowable differential pressure.
c. Minimum required differential pressure when a pilot is used.
d. Minimum required differential pressure for satisfactory operability and control.
Integrity Critical
4. Pressure regulators shall be minimized for process applications. If process design

specifications are not met, then control valves are preferred.
Note: The failure mode of the pressure regulator is indeterminate (no inherent failure
mode) and is dependent on the component that fails.
5. If the pressure limitations of the pressure regulator and internal components can be exceeded,
the relief cases shall be evaluated.
6. The manufacturer’s pressure regulator nameplate shall include the maximum inlet and
internal component pressures, and downstream pressure based on the requirements of this
section.
Note: The internal pressure limits may be lower than the inlet/outlet body pressure ratings.
18.2.2 Design
1. The pressure regulator shall not be used as a shut-off device.
2. Pilot operated pressure regulators shall only be used in clean services.
Note: The sensing port and other internal components may become plugged, affecting
operability and controllability.
3. Pressure regulator design and selection may be limited; if so, a control valve shall be
considered for the following:
a. Overpressure scenarios such as blocked in scenarios downstream of the pressure
regulator.
b. Particulate size, type, etc., to ensure plugging of regulator and its internal components
will not occur.
c. Lethal service applications.
d. Internal relief and venting to atmosphere for overpressure scenario.
e. High pressure drop applications and the Joule-Thompson effect.
f. Hydrate formation requiring chemical injection to protect internal components and the
regulator.
g. In liquid application, cavitation that occurs when the Pvc falls below the Pv and then
recovers to a pressure greater than the Pvc.
h. In vapor application, flashing that occurs when the Pvc falls below the Pv of the vapor and
stays below the Pvc.
i. Regulator throttling over most of the available stroking range (large turndown), thus
causing excessive droop/offset and resulting in a decrease to the design setpoint. Flow
changes shall be maintained as small.
Note: A wide range of throttling within the pressure regulator causes excessive droop
that can reduce the design setpoint by approximately 10 to 20 percent. A higher
setpoint tends to increase the effects of droop.
4. Pressure regulator shall not vent process fluids to the atmosphere during normal or abnormal
operations.
Integrity Critical
5. Diaphragm or bellows rupture shall not release process fluid such as hydrocarbons to the
atmosphere.
6. Pressure regulators shall have flanged connections and meet the appropriate piping material
specification. Pressure regulators with end connections that are less than 1 inch (25 mm)
shall be reviewed and accepted by Owner.
7. Spring range selection shall be based on the lightest spring that contains the setpoint setting.
If the setpoint is greater than or equal to the upper spring range value, minus approximately
10 percent of the spring span, spring selection shall require Owner review and acceptance.
Note: The selection of the spring range with the lightest spring weight is advantageous to
reduce the droop and increase the accuracy.
8. Pressure regulator body pressure rating shall be designed and selected to withstand
maximum P1 resulting from blocked in downstream conditions.
9. In the event that a downstream blocked-in condition can occur and the pressure regulator can
be over-pressured, a downstream pressure relief valve or pipeline pressure limiting device
shall be installed to provide protection for the pressure regulator.
10. Vent port of the pressure regulator shall not be piped to the flare system or any other system
that can produce back pressure on the pressure regulator vent port.
Note: If the flare system or any other system produces back pressure on the vent port, the
control setpoint will be inadvertently changed resulting in unreliable operation and
control of the pressure regulator.
11. The regulator body, spring, diaphragm, diaphragm casing, etc., as well as internal materials
and soft goods, if any, shall be reviewed and designed to ensure that the pressure limitations
imposed by these materials for the internal pressure regulator upstream components still
meet the design pressure requirements as relates to the regulator setpoint pressure. This
design pressure value can be lower than the upstream and downstream body ratings, or the
maximum upstream inlet pressure.
18.2.3 Materials
1. Pressure regulators shall be in accordance with the following requirements:
a. Diaphragm materials shall be 316 stainless steel, as a minimum, and compatible with the
process fluid.
b. Bellows in hydrocarbon service shall be 316 stainless steel, as a minimum, and
compatible with the process fluid.
c. Pressure-containing parts in contact with process fluid shall be carbon steel or higher
alloy, as required by service conditions. If the diaphragm is not carbon steel or higher
alloy, Owner review and acceptance shall be required.
2. Pressure regulator body and casing material shall be stainless steel or carbon steel, and shall
be compatible with the process fluid. Ductile iron material shall not be acceptable.
3. Pressure regulator metallurgy shall comply with the following:
a. As a minimum, the following components shall be stainless steel: bolting, adjusting
screw, locknut, and other hardware.
Integrity Critical
b. The control spring shall be Inconel.

c. As a preferred alternative, the body and spring case (CF8M/CF3M) and all other
hardware and components shall be stainless steel.
4. Purchaser shall verify that the internal material selection, diaphragm, and actual control
setpoint pressure, etc., shall be used to determine the maximum pressure regulator inlet
pressure.
Note: Pressure regulator internal components typically have lower design pressure
limitations than the inlet and outlet body pressure ratings.
19.0 Accessories
19.1 Universal Criteria
1. If accepted by Owner, auxiliary solenoid valves, position switches and transmitters, and
pneumatic relays associated with control valves may be integrally mounted on control
valves.
2. Electrical and instrument wiring on control valves shall comply with NFPA 70.
19.2 Handwheel Operator

1. Handwheels, when specified, shall be of the side-mounted type, except for butterfly, ball,
or other rotary valves, which may have top-mounted or shaft-mounted handwheels if no
side-mounted type is available.
a. Handwheels preferably shall not require use of a clutch or gear shift and shall be a
continuously connected-type, capable of moving the valve in either direction.
b. The neutral position of travel shall be clearly marked.
c. Without exception, handwheel operation shall be “clockwise rotation closes valve” and
“counterclockwise rotation opens valve.”
d. Handwheels shall be continuously connected, with provision for limiting valve travel at
top and/or bottom of stroke.
e. If handwheel is not yoke mounted (trunnion type), handwheels for ball and butterfly
valves shall be shaft mounted, de-clutchable type.
f. Handwheels shall be designed to operate if less than 50 foot-pounds (67 N-m) are
applied at rim of handwheel.
2. Handwheels shall be provided if manual operation of the control valve is required per the
process, process hazard analysis (PHA) reviews, or other safety system analysis reviews.
3. Handwheels shall require Owner review and acceptance.
4. The handwheel operator shall be continuously connected, and shall be operable through an
integral declutching mechanism, if it is warranted by the application, with Owner review and
agreement.
Note: De-clutchable indicates a shaft-mounted worm gear that can be detached from the
power of the actuator.
Integrity Critical
5. A valve-to-open direction arrow shall be permanently marked on the handwheel.

6. Handwheels shall not be used to eliminate block and bypass valves.
7. Handwheels shall not be used as limit stops.
19.3 Position Indication and Solenoid Valves
19.3.1 Universal Criteria

1. Positioners, solenoid valves, and all electronic devices shall comply with the electrical area
classification in which the devices are installed, in compliance with Class I, Division 2,
Group D service (or equivalent Zone classification) as a minimum.
2. Solenoid valves and limit switches shall be mounted and tubed by Supplier unless directed
differently by Owner. For instruments without terminal strips, Supplier shall provide a
terminal strip and housing.
3. Bug screens shall be installed on the exhaust ports of pneumatic instruments.
4. Accessories to be installed on the control valve shall be mounted and piped with seamless
316 stainless steel tubing that conforms to ASTM A269.
5. Tubing fittings shall be 316 stainless steel by Swagelok or Purchaser reviewed and agreed
equivalent.
6. Accessories not mounted directly on the valve shall be mounted on a 316 stainless steel
mounting plate. The mounting plate shall be bolted to the actuator/valve assembly with
316 stainless steel bolts.
19.3.2 Valve Position

1. Continuous measurement of the position shall be required for all control valves. The
continuous valve position shall be provided via a digital controller positioner.
2. When additional independent switches are required above the provided analog valve
position, Westlock Magnum switches or StoneL® proximity switches shall be utilized with
a local field mechanical position indicator.
3. Limit switches shall be hermetically sealed, watertight, and in dust-proof housings.
4. Position switch metallic parts shall be stainless steel.
5. Position switches shall be proximity type and shall have a minimum of two single-pole,
double throw (SPDT) contacts. Minimum contact rating shall be one of the following:
a. 10 amps at 120 voltage alternating current (VAC)
b. 5 amps at 120 voltage direct current (VDC)
c. 3 amps in 24 VDC applications
6. Switches shall close on proximity (i.e., be open during valve travel).
7. Valve stem position shall also be indicated on a graduated scale with the words “OPEN” and
“CLOSED” at the stem travel limits. The indicating pointer shall be directly connected to
the stem.
Integrity Critical
19.3.3 Solenoid Valves

1. Solenoid valves shall be rated for continuous duty and shall have a minimum of Class F
high-temperature encapsulated coils.
a. Class H coils shall be preferred as a minimum.
b. If the ambient temperature dictates a different class of insulation, it shall be used upon
Owner review and agreement.
2. Solenoid coils shall be molded in epoxy.
3. Solenoid coils shall be rated for continuous duty.
4. Solenoids shall be 24 VDC.
5. Solenoid valves shall have a minimum and maximum operating instrument air pressure of
14.5 psig (100 kPa) and 150 psig (1034 kPa), respectively.
6. Minimum port size for solenoid valves shall be 1/4 inch (6 mm).
7. Solenoid valves shall be full port.
8. Solenoid valves shall not have an external pilot, except if instrument air pressure is less than
the solenoid valve minimum operating pressure.
9. Solenoid valves shall meet the electrical area classification.
a. The area classification shall be met with either an explosion-proof design or
non-incendive design.
b. The design requirement shall be specified in the project technical requirements.
10. Solenoid valves for tripping the control valve shall be in one of the following locations:
a. Between the positioner and actuator.
b. In the tubing that provides the motive power to the actuator.
11. Tripping the solenoid valve shall provide sufficient capacity to exhaust the actuator chamber
air volume within the time required to allow the valve to fail in a safe position.
12. If the maximum solenoid valve Cv is not sufficient to allow the valve to fail in a safe position
within the required response time, a “volume booster” shall be provided that works in
conjunction with tripping of the solenoid valve to ensure valve failsafe action for the timing
requirement as stated on the control valve data sheet.
13. If solenoid valve vent port is open to the atmosphere, port shall have an insect screen.
14. Solenoid valves shall be capable of switching under conditions of maximum and minimum
operating differential pressure.
15. Instrument air supply piping shall be of adequate size to stroke the valve in the time
specified.
16. The solenoid valve coil shall be low-power rated as follows:
a. Less than 3 watts for DC-rated coils.
Integrity Critical
b. Less than 5 watts for alternating current (AC)-rated coils.

c. Less than 2 watts for non-incendive or intrinsically safe wiring methods.
17. Solenoid valve selection shall require review and acceptance by Purchaser.
18. Integral DC transient voltage suppression shall be required.
19. Solenoid valves shall be a three-way design configuration and shall have 316 stainless steel
bodies and trim.
20. All spare ports shall have 316 stainless steel plugs.
21. Diaphragm-type solenoid valve shall use Viton or Teflon® for diaphragm material.
Buna-N material shall be acceptable for oil-free instrument air applications or
non-hydrocarbon applications.
22. If manual reset is specified, the pilot relay valve or solenoid valve shall be supplied with a
manual reset handle or button that allows the valve to be reset.
a. The manual handle shall latch when resetting the valve. No locking device shall be
allowed.
b. Manual reset solenoids or pilots shall be remotely mounted if the valve accessory
mounting plate is not easily accessible.
23. Solenoid valves and pneumatic pilot relay valves shall have failsafe action to
cause the valve to go to the safe state if the electric signal or instrument air signal is lost.
24. For offshore applications, solenoid valves and pneumatic pilot relay valves shall
have failsafe action to close the valve if the electric signal or instrument air signal is lost.
19.3.4 Boosters and Quick Exhaust

1. Boosters shall be provided if necessary to achieve the required stroke time. A volume booster
shall be used only if authorized by Owner.
2. Instrument air supply piping to boosters shall meet the following requirements:
a. Piping shall be of adequate size to not limit the supply to the boosters. Flow through the
boosters shall not be restricted.
b. Piping size selection shall include drops across filters and regulators.
c. Normally, pipe should be used for supplies. Larger pipe may be required for extensive
pipe runs.
d. If necessary, connections in the actuators shall be enlarged.
3. If conditions exist that make it desirable for the valve to move rapidly in one direction but
slower in the other, one side of one or more boosters may be selectively restricted.
4. Boosters shall be required for the following:
a. If tubing lengths are greater than 250 feet (76.2 m) between controller and control valve.
b. If the tubing volume plus the valve actuator casing volume minus the clearance
(zero travel) volume is greater than 100 cubic inches (1638.7 cubic cm).
5. Quick exhaust valves are not preferred and shall require Owner review and agreement.
Integrity Critical
20.0 Installation Considerations

1. For control valve installations, a minimum of 10 pipe diameters upstream and a minimum
of 5 pipe diameters downstream of straight run piping should be considered.
Note: The control valve can be selected, designed, fabricated, tested, and shipped to meet
all requirements as specified on the data sheet. However, a control valve can be
installed in a piping system that can negate or minimize the design of the control
valve and produce undesirable effects such as cavitation, flashing, noise, vibration,
erosion, decreased flow capability, material damage, piping damage, piping support
damage, reduced life, etc. These undesirable effects can have an impact on safety,
environment, reliability, and long term costs.
Fluid properties can change as the fluid passes through the control valve and,
depending on any number of factors, the fluid changes can cause cavitation,
flashing, noise, vibration, etc. The upstream and downstream diameters allow,
as much as possible, the same fluid in to exit the control valve and minimize
undesirable effects.
Block valves should be line size and not close coupled to the control valve. This not
only impacts capacity, but also the flow characteristics.
2. If the control valve installation does not have the minimum upstream and downstream pipe
diameters specified in item 1 above, then the control valve installation configuration shall
confirm that the maximum rated Cv of the control valve as published by the control valve
manufacturer is still achieved.
3. Control valve reducers and expanders shall be concentric with included angles smaller than
30 degrees upstream and 15 degrees downstream of the control valve.
4. Piping connections, piping tees, piping bends and instrumentation tend to change the fluid
pattern upstream and downstream of a control valve and should be avoided to minimize the
impact that these piping configurations may have on the overall noise of the total installed
control valve.
5. Additional details for both onshore and topsides control valve manifold installation
requirements are located in PIM-DU-5138 and [PIM] GF-A1250.
21.0 Marking, Identification, and Nameplate

1. Direction of flow shall be marked on the valve.
2. The flange rim of three-way valves shall be identified.
3. Trim position of rotary valves shall be engraved on the shaft end.
4. Each control valve shall be furnished with a permanently fastened/attached (e.g., by stainless
steel rivets) stainless steel, corrosion-resistant nameplate, showing the following
information:
a. Supplier’s name, model number, and serial number.
b. Body and trim size.
c. Body and trim materials.
Integrity Critical
d. Trim type.
e. Body and flange rating.
f. Bench setting and operating range.
g. Minimum required air pressure supply.
h. Maximum allowed air pressure supply.
i. Actuator size.
j. Maximum valve body pressure rating.
k. Stem travel in inches (mm).
5. Control valves shall be furnished with an additional permanently attached,
corrosion-resistant nameplate bearing the following nonstandard nameplate information:
a. Trim Cv.
b. Valve action on air failure.
c. Tag number and PO number.
d. Trim characteristic.
e. Maximum shutoff pressure.
f. Packing material and type.
g. Lubricant, if required.
22.0 Quality Assurance, Inspection, Testing, Packaging,

Documentation, and Shipment
Quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, documentation, and shipment requirements
shall be in accordance with the following:
1. ICM-PU-5316.
2. ICM-IT-5316.
3. Project technical requirements.
23.0 Purchasing Guarantee

1. Requirements for equipment purchasing guarantee are covered by the terms and conditions
of purchase in force at the time of order.
2. Purchasing guarantee shall be specified for all control valve orders.
3. The purchaser shall include purchasing guarantee in the control valve purchase order.

ICM-SU-5102-C.3 - Control Valves

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ICM-SU-5102-C.3 - Control Valves

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Integrity Critical

Operating Environments: Onshore, Topsides

Rev. Date Description Author Technology Leader

Rev Author notations regarding this revision

C Section 18.2 was added to address process pressure regulators.

8.3 Material ............................................................................................................................. 33

19.0 Accessories .................................................................................................................................. 62

List of Tables and Figures

2.1 Owner Documents

ICM-DU-6025 Safety Instrumented Systems

2.2 Industry Standards

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASTM International (ASTM)

Fluid Controls Institute (FCI)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

International Society of Automation (ISA)

International Society for Standardization (ISO)

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS)

NACE International (NACE)

2.3 Government Regulations

2.4 Conflict Resolution

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics

VAC Voltage Alternating Current

4.2 Information Required After Receipt of Order

4.4 Data Sheet Information

10) Order, requisition, and order item number.

4.6 Information Required with Quotation

[dP(max flow) – dP(min flow)]/dP(min flow) < 20%

a. This sizing criteria typically achieves an installed linear characteristic.

5.2 Control Valve ANSI Class and Body Size

5.3 Leakage (Seat and Stem Seals)

5.5 Operating Range

5.6 Pressure-Drop Determination

5.6.1 Non-Pumped Systems

5.6.2 Pumped Systems

5.6.3 Secondary Control Valves

5.7 Multiple Control Valves

5.7.1 Control Valves in Split Process Flows

5.7.2 Three-Way Control Valves

5.8 Exit Velocity

5.10 End Connections

5.10.1 Face to Face Dimensions

Table 1: Valve Body Face-to-Face Dimensions

5.10.2 Flanged Connections

5.10.3 Welded Connections

5.10.4 Flangeless Connections

e. Threaded lugged flanges.

5.10.5 Separable Flanges

5.11 Severe Service Control Valves

5.12 Severe Service Application Performance Criteria

6.0 Valve Type Selection

5. Globe valves shall be used in the following applications:

6.2 Rotary Valves

Table 2: Acceptable Applications for Valve Body Types

= 600 M,S,O — — M,S,O —

Process Valve ANSI Body Type (Note 1)

6.2.2 Butterfly / Wafer Valves

7.2 Material Selection

7.2.1 Valve Bodies and Bonnets

Table 3: Materials for Valve Bodies and Bonnet

Alloy NO4400 Gr M35-1 (if welded)

7.2.2 Bolting and Studs

7.3 End Connections

Quote / Project Name: _________ Supplier: Owner: _Project:_____________