Group 2

Case Studies
Amna Mukhtar Sania Saeed
Rameen Ansari Ayesha Bhatti
Mahnoor Nauman Aiman Haider
Kohinoor
Square
LOCATION: Mumbai, India
ARCHITECTS: gkkworks; Sandeep Shikre &
Associates, Spaceage Consultants
KOHINOOR SQUARE TOWER
CONCEPT
• The concept, called The Diamond, was the winning
design selected to move forward into design
development.
• The source of inspiration for this design is the meaning
of the name Kohinoor - mountain of light. The diamond • Type: Mixed-Use
is the ultimate gemstone, the hardest substance found
in nature, yet the most transparent. • Client: The Kohinoor Group
• The tower’s design objectives challenge the typical glass
office building by the abstract pattern created by • Height: 203 m (Main Building)
diamond geometry and triangulation. 142 m (Residential Building)
• The triangular shapes are layered onto the building’s
mass and facades, through clearly defined planes and • Floors: 52 (Main Building)
opposites: void and solid, opacity and transparency.
• “The sophisticated geometry of this exceptional 32 (Residential Building)
building – diamond shaped – a combination of different
• Elevators: 40 (Main Building)
planes, all meeting together in harmony and congruity -
was a unique challenge. The task was to create a 8 (Residential Building)
building for which there was no earlier example”— Mr.
Amit Bhargava, Managing Director gkkworks cpl, India • Energy Label: LEED Certified
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Neighbourhood Context
Dadar, W, Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
• Present in Dadar, Mumbai – which is
considered an up and coming
commercial region due to the
introduction of metro line in the
region
• This area attracts Lower middle
class, Middle class, Upper middle
class and Lower upper class
especially due to the dense
construction of apartments
• The building is surrounded by
apartments (low-rise to mid-rise)
but shares the skyline with a few
recent high-rise constructions in
the region.
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Site Plan
ADDRESS: N.C.Kelkar Marg, R.G. Gadkari Chowk, Shivaji Park, Dadar, W, Maharashtra 400028, India
SITE AREA: 5 Acres

Soft-scape
Hard-scape
Vehicular Circulation
Altissimo Entrance Lobby
Lift Core and Staircase
Service Pedestrian Circulation
Parking

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Master Plan
West tower
Atriums
Central tower

GATE 2 – CAR PARK ENTRY

East tower
Multi-level Car Parking
Energy Center

GATE 3 - SERVICE ENTRY

GATE 4

GATE 1 – OFFICE/RETAIL GATE 5 – PUBLIC PARKING ENTRY

ENTRY

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Entrance & Circulation
Entrance
Gate 1 – Vehicular Entrance from the ND Kelkar Road
leads to the drop off zone, and then one can return.
Otherwise the path leads directly to the basement.
This entrance is used by both the public and staff.
Gate 2 – Vehicular Circulation entrance from
Padmabai Thakkar Road leads directly to the
basement. Entrance for office staff.
Gate 3 – Service entry for goods vehicles drop off and
fire tenders.
Gate 4 – For public use. Used by the pedestrians
Gate 5 – For the residents who live in the residential
complex. Entry directly to 13th floor of multi-level
parking block. Entrance from JK Sawant Road.

Vehicular & Pedestrian Circulation

• No space for parking in the periphery, only used for pedestrian and vehicular flow – Parking for buses
• The Peripheral Road leads the cars from entrances to the basement.
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• Sidewalks along the Peripheral Road used for pedestrian flow. 7
ZONINGS – Programs & Areas

AREA DISTRIBUTION
Hotel Office Services Parking Residential Retail Recreational Ground

Hotel 3% 10%
11%

16%
26%
Offices Residential

21%
13%
Retail

Parking
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Zoning - Commercial

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Zoning - Commercial

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Zoning - Commercial

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Zoning – Typical Office Plan

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Zoning – Typical Residential Floor Plan

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Areas
SPACES AREAS (SQ.M) SPACES AREAS (SQ.M)
RESIDENCIES RETAIL
3bhk 222.96 Retail Store 1150
3.5bhk 260.12 Food Court 1150
4bhk 306.58 Male Washroom 21
OFFICES Female Washroom 21
Working Spaces 50-256 Shops 50-256
Male Washrooms 30
Female Washroom 30 Energy 236
Pantry 4.8 Terrace on 3rd Floor 715.9
Refuge Area 458.76 Parking 3627.6
Electrical Room 1.25
AHU 2.49
Server Room 18.50
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Machine Room 70.89 14
 Emergency Stairs

Typical Commercial Floor Plan Typical Office Floor Plan Typical Residential Floor Plan
(With Refuge Floor Repeats after
every 7th floor)
Emergency Staircase Office Floor Refuge Area Emergency Staircase
Fire Escape Chute
Fire Escape Chute Emergency Staircase
Emergency Staircase Commercial Zone Emergency
Fire Escape Staircase
Chute
Emergency Staircase residential
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West 3 Basements
Tower Ground – 2nd Floors for Retail
3rd Floor for Services
4th & 5th Floors for Commercial Offices
Central 3 Basements
Tower Ground – 2nd Floors for Retail
27th & 28th Floors for Services
4th – 43rd Floors for Commercial Offices
45th – 47th floors for hotel rooms (42
rooms)
48th Floor for Hotel Lobby and
Restaurant + Helipad
East 3 Basements
Tower Ground – 13th upper floors for parking
14th Floor for Services
15th – 32nd upper Floors for residential
purpose (No. of flats: 68)
Energy 2 Basements
Center Ground
1st – 3rd Floor
5th, 8th and 11th Floors

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Structure
Foundation
• The combined pile raft foundation system is used.
• It is a geotechnical composite construction that
combines the bearing effect of both foundation
elements raft and piles.
• This foundation system is commonly used for
high-rise buildings

Structural System
• The structure comprises a concrete core and post-tensioned concrete slab and spandrel
beams
• The average center to center distance between columns is 9.5m
• The column is of 1.8m x 1.8m.
• The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building is designed to resist lateral
loads.
• The assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and
strong structural wall along the exterior of the building

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Structure – Typical Commercial Floor Plan

In the construction of Kohinoor Square’s core

wall self climbing jump form work is used
jump form systems comprise the formwork
and working platforms for cleaning/fixing of
the formwork, steel fixing and concreting.

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Structure – Typical Office Floor Plan

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Structure – Typical Residential Floor Plan

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Columns and Distances in a typical Office Floor Plan

Column A = 6’-6” x 6’-6”

Column B = 6’ x 6’
Column C = 5’-9” x 5’-9”
Column D = 5’ x 5’

Column
Core walls

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Mechanical
Energy Tower
Water Supply
HVAC System
Power Supply
Grey Water

Conclusions
• Kohinoor Square has a well
designed HVAC System for it’s
ventilation system.
• As it is a glass enveloped
structure the load of mechanical
ventilation is also high.
• The cooling towers are situated
near water tanks at same level
of the building.

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Mechanical – Typical Commercial Floor Plan

Fire Escape Chute

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Mechanical – Typical Office Floor Plan

Fire Escape Chute

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Mechanical – Typical Residential Floor Plan

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Elevators in Tower 1

Typical Core Plan in Tower 1 Vertical Positioning of Elevators

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Materials
• Structural Material: Concrete Steel (RCC)
• Facade Material: Glass
• Facade System: Curtain Wall

• The design team wrapped the core of the building in black stone,
symbolizing the rock material within which diamonds are found to
emphasize the core’s strength.
• The building shape is based on extensive wind load studies and it comprise
a concrete core and post-tensioned concrete slab and spandrel beams.
• The podium features custom point-supported glazing on specialty steel
trusses.
• The façade consists of faceted unitized aluminum curtain walls with provisions for high performance double glass
façades on the tower.
• Diamond edges of the building having aluminum flashing with LED lighting are the unique feature and make it
complicated façade design.
• All the Glasses are articulated glasses & can sustain design wind pressure of 4.5 to 5.0 kPa.
• The building design makes it environmentally friendly, using technologies such as floor-to- ceiling insulated glazing to
contain heat and maximize natural light, and an automatic daylight dimming system.
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Typical Apartment
Floor Plans – 3BHK

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Typical
Apartment Floor
Plans – 4BHK

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High Density Building Standards Mumbai, India
• Any building greater than 75ft (23 m) generally 7 to 10 stories.
• Such space shall be kept free of vehicle parking or any other erections or projections thereon
other than projections of roof or weather shade or cornices of not more than 75 centimetres
width
• The minimum width of open space between plot boundary and a highrise building shall be 5
metre.
• Every high rise building shall be provided with a fire escape stairway.
• Fire escape stairway shall be directly connected with easily accessible common areas on all
floors and shall lead directly to the ground.
• According to the building safety regulations of BMC, a refuge area at every 7th habitable floor
should be constructed for the initial 24 m of a high rise building. The refuge area must be
constructed at the floor level, within the building line
• For buildings more than 30 m tall, the first refuge area must be provided at the top habitable Contoso Ltd.
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floor or at 24 m, whichever is higher.
CONCLUSIONS
• Different entries for all the verticals.
• Use of concrete and steel as building materials
• Central core provides easy access to the spaces inside the building.
• Spaces between the lifts where a lift lobby is not provided area used as toilets with ducts.
• Sky lobby concept for reducing the time to travel to different floors.
• Double skin façade system leading to energy saving and incorporating natural light inside the building
and providing great views from inside the building.
• Multi-level parking, parking above the ground.
• Refuge areas provided as per the norms.
• Compact site.
• Less green area on site
• 1 entry/exit to car park from an entrance
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 Designed in
2002
Built in
2004-2012
Height
Tower 1, 234m, Tower 2, 210m
Floors
54
Elevators
75
Built-up Area
473.000m2

CCTV BUILDING Design strategy

To concentrate all the activity and every program in a single
BEIJING, CHINA Architects: continuous loop.
Architects Concept
Rem Koolhaas
Based on geometry
• Continuous loop
Ove Arup & Partners
• L shaped
Structural Engineer • Cantilever overhang
Cecil Balmond, Ove Arup & Partners • Diagonal structural grid system
A
Neighborhood Context CITIC Tower
32 E 3rd Ring Rd Middle, Guo Mao, ChaoyangQu, China

CCTV Headquarters is located in the Central Business

District which is the primary area for finance, media, and
business services in Beijing, China. Buildings around it
consist of mid to high rise mixed use, commercial and
corporate buildings, making it the hub for revenue
generation.
CITIC Tower, CCTV Headquarters and TVCC tower are the
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Masterplan

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Hard and Soft Landscape

Hardscape

Soft Landscape

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Parking

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Programs
1

14

2 9
1 PUBLIC LOBBY
2 TOWER LOBBY
3 KITCHEN
4 CANTEEN
8
3 9 5 GYM
6 HEALTH CENTER
7 MARKETING
8 DATA CENTER
9 STUDIO
4 9 2 10 OFFICES
11 LOUNGE
6 12 MEETING
5
13 RESTROOMS
14 ELEVATORS

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GROUND FLOOR
14 1 PUBLIC LOBBY
2 TOWER LOBBY
3 KITCHEN
4 CANTEEN
5 GYM
6 HEALTH CENTER
7 MARKETING
8 DATA CENTER
9 STUDIO
10 OFFICES
11 LOUNGE
12 MEETING
13 RESTROOMS
14 ELEVATORS

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 12

14
3 1 PUBLIC LOBBY
10 1
2 TOWER LOBBY
4 3 KITCHEN
13
4 CANTEEN
12 5 GYM
13
6 HEALTH CENTER
7 MARKETING
8 DATA CENTER
9 STUDIO
10 OFFICES
11 LOUNGE
12 MEETING
12 12 7 10
13 RESTROOMS
14 ELEVATORS
4 14

10 12 12
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21st FLOOR
 1 PUBLIC LOBBY
2 TOWER LOBBY
14 3 KITCHEN
4 CANTEEN
5 GYM
6 HEALTH CENTER
7 MARKETING
8 DATA CENTER
9 STUDIO
10 OFFICES
11 LOUNGE
12 MEETING
13 RESTROOMS
14 ELEVATORS

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Relationship Between Programs

Canteens
Studios
Open Studios
Lobbies
Broadcasting
Sports and Recreation
VIP Areas

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Spatial Hierarchy

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Structure
Diagrid Framing System
• Triangular structure with diagonal support beams
• Loads follow diagonals, gravity and lateral loads can be transferred
by the system to the ground
• Construction Material: Steel
• Steel has high tensile and compressive strengths.

Load Transfer

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Load Transfer - Advantages
• Internal Cores will transfer minimal amounts of gravity loads
• Floor Slabs do not have to transfer lateral loads
• Less internal columns required = more space
• Floor plates do not have to be of the same shape on each floor
• Continuous and Uninterrupted Load Transfer

Exoskeleton
• Exoskeleton system of diagonal grids has been adopted on the
external faces of the building to a loop structure that oppose gravity
and any lateral force.
• The positioning of the columns and down tubes reflects the
distribution of forces in the surface skin of the building.
• Diagonal columns grids have the same width exposed, but the depth
varies according to the load
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Connections – Butterfly Plates

• Ensure a strong joint-weak member

• Assist smooth load transfer
• Resists maximum probable loads
from braces with minimum yielding
and stress concentration

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Structural System

Columns
Load Bearing Walls

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GROUND FLOOR
Columns
Load Bearing Walls

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 Columns
Load Bearing Walls

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21st FLOOR
 Columns
Load Bearing Walls

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Circulation

Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation

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Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation

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Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation

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 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation

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Vertical Circulation Core

• Each program is connected to the core, providing stable circulation and access to everything.
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• The core also bears structural load. 54
• Stairs for emergency exit are provided within the
cores.

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The condenser water system
incorporates several regulating stations
to ensure that each water chiller and
cooling tower receives its design
volume of water.

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High Density Building Standards Beijing, China

• Highrise/skyscrapers should not be higher than150 meters (490 ft)

limited.
• Shopping malls are banned from setting up on the third basement or
below in high-rise buildings, and entertainment places should not be
established on the second basement or below, the draft said.
• The draft stipulated that fire drills should be held at least once every
half year in buildings with a height over 100 meters.
• Building coverage ratio should not exceed 25 % so that sufficient
green and public spaces could be provided
• FAR tp be considered not more than 6.0 and minimum plot size to be
0.7 ha.
• An overall 40% of GR is required for any neighborhood project .
• All buildings are required to have stringent anti-earthquake and
firefighting capabilities.
• They also require adequate escape and rescue mechanism.
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Conclusions
• Concrete structure with concrete flooring maintains acoustic
balance within the structure.
• The materials go with the climate of our zone and are efficient as
well.
• Transitional spaces are provided on each floor to break down the
programs’ monotony.
• 1, 2 and 3 bed apartments can be accommodated on a single storey.
• Glass has been used efficiently for the façade, protecting it from
direct sunrays.
• The fire exits are designed along the core.
• Congested spaces for circulation on office floors.
• No communal spaces on office floors.

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 The Harbour Front
19 storey Office Building
Built up area: 270,271 sqft
Six high speed elevators
Dolmen City Mall
Built up area: 1.29 million sqft
Structure: Concrete frame
Parking: 525 cars (Basement 1)
420 cars ( Basement 2)
Material: Reinforced concrete,
Concrete blocks, Steel girders,
Glass
Concept
-Designed along the nautical theme.
-All public interior spaces contain design

DOLMEN MALL elements that evoke images of marine life,

ship decks, draw-bridges and seascapes.
Mall atrium floorings are marked by a burst
of color as a reminder of the seascape.
KARACHI, PAKISTAN -THF is a purely office building with a huge
white sail in its elevation that dominates
the skyline from near and far.
LOCATION

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AREAS

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By-Laws

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Built-Up Area: 1.29 Million Sq. Ft.
Leasable Area: 558,866 Sq. Ft.
Footfall (Approx. Per Annum): 9 Million
Dept. / Anchor Stores: 7
Retail Outlets: 127
F & B Outlets: 23
Amusement Center: 2

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SALIENT FEATURES
Retail Outlets:
Special consideration has been given to the tenancy mix at Dolmen Mall Clifton. An effective tenancy mix ensures
that the mall has the right combination of outlets with the right placement to enhance the shopping experience for
its patrons.
Anchors Stores:
Apart from 130 retail outlets, the mall has strategically placed multiple departmental and anchor stores which attract
a large footfall and maximise shopper circulation throughout the mall.
F&B Outlets:
The mall has over 30 different options in the food & beverages category.
Spacious walkways and atriums:
The layout of the mall not only ensures a smooth pedestrian traffic flow, but also provides shoppers with pleasant
open atriums which frequently host brand activation events.
Amusement Centres:
Two family amusement centres are available at the mall, namely; Sindbad’s Wonderland and Kidz Dunya.
Handicap accessibility:
The entire shopping mall is accessible by handicapped shoppers.
Multi-level basement and surface parking:
A sophisticated car parking management system is installed at the multi-level basement cark park to assist visitors.
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FLOOR PLANS

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Circulation

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Circulation

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Circulation

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Circulation

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Circulation

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Structure

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Structure

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Built Up Area: 270,271 SFT
Leasable Area (including 300 sq. ft. in upper
basement): 251,263 SFT.
Total Floors (excluding 1 mezzanine level on 19th
floor): 19
Office Floors: 17
High Speed Elevators: 6

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SALIENT FEATURES
State-of-the-art Security System:
The building is monitored 24x7 via a digital CCTV system, while all access points of the building including lobbies
and parking areas are controlled via speed-gates, parking barriers and highly trained security personnel.
Integrated Building Management System (IBMS):
All sub-systems of the complex including HVAC, Health & Safety (Fire, Access Control, CCTV), Mechanical, Electrical,
Elevators, etc. are controlled by the country’s first truly 'Integrated Building Management System’.
Fibre-Optic Communication System
The building is equipped with an in-house fibre-optic network ensuring high-bandwidth availability and end-to-end
fibre optic data connectivity.
Voice Data Infrastructure
The building has a Tier-2 data centre with a capacity to be scaled to a Tier-3 facility. This data centre hosts all the
building sub-systems.
Uninterrupted Power Supply
Uninterrupted power supply is ensured via a continuous system of power generation.
Centrally Air-Conditioned
The building is centrally air conditioned with IBMS climate controlled system.
Centralized Mail Room and Cargo Delivery Area
NFPA Compliant Fire Alarm/Suppression System
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FLOOR PLAN

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 Structure
-Central wet area of the structure is cored with concrete shear
wall varying in thickness (thickness reduce gradually as we go
the upper story)
-Surrounding area is framed by steel girders with metal deck
spanning over it.
-On the edges there are solid reinforced concrete columns.
-Planning wise, central core area consists of lavatories, stores
and locker rooms, stairs and lift lobbies while offices arelocated
at periphery.
-Steel girders are supporting on the pockets made in core walls
on one side and on corbels on other side.
-Purlins are provided at equal span of about 4 to 5ft.
-Over the steel frame, metal deck is laid and fixed by using
steel studs and welding.
-Use of metal deck reduces the slab thickness up-to 2” to 3”
depending upon the type of metal deck used. Load Bearing walls
In local construction we have seen wooden shuttering or
formwork which does not give smooth surface after removal of Central Core
formwork, but here steel formwork was used, if done properly
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HVAC SYSTEM

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MEP SYSTEMS

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MASTERPLAN

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LANDSCAPING/VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

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CONCLUSIONS

• Prominent location
• The façade is shaped like a white sail so it is prominent from afar
• In local construction we have seen wooden shuttering or formwork which does not give smooth
surface after removal of formwork, but here you can see steel formwork, if done properly it does
not required plaster.
• Buildings like Dolmen city enable us to host a vast amount of people in a small footprint
• Conveniently placed emergency exits.
• Vast circulation space for vehicles and access from multiple points.

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 Timeline
2015-present
Height
500 feet
Floors
20
Built-up Area
910,000sft
Design strategy
The Mall is divided into four sections. The 1st section is

MALL OF
reserved for the commercial and retail area; the 2nd section is
reserved for the Food Court comprising of restaurants and
Cafes; the 3rd section is dedicated for the corporate offices

ISLAMABAD
ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
and the last 4th part for residential apartments offering scenic
views of Margalla Hills and the lush green Islamabad.

Architects
Dascon Constructions
Neighborhood Context
Main Jinnah Avenue, Blue Area, Islamabad

Mall of Islamabad is located on main Jinnah Avenue, Blue

Area. High rise buildings next to it are Saudi Park Tower
and Islamabad Stock Exchange Tower which are both 19
floors high.
Other buildings around it range from low rise residences
to high rise mixed use and corporate buildings.
The building is in a high business area, making it a high-
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 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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Basement 4 (Car Parking)
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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Basement 3 and 2 (Car Parking)
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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Lower Ground Floor
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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Ground Floor
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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First Floor
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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4th Floor (Level 10)
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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4th Mezzanine Floor (Level 11)
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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6th – 12th floor – Office floors
 Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Emergency Exits

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5th Floor MEP (Level 12) 104
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5th Floor Mezzanine MEP (Level 12) 105
Apartments

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Structure
Reinforced Concrete Structure
• Main structure is of reinforced concrete frame on reinforced
concrete-piled foundations
• The finish is of modern construction of glazing and specialist factory-
finished white pre-cast concrete
• Concrete floor construction built to the latest acoustic requirements
• Glazed sloping roof to top-floor apartments
Advantages
• Economical
• Fire Resistance
• Seismic Resistance
• Ease of Construction
• Good strength in both, tension and compression

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High Density Building Standards
Islamabad,pakistan
• In Blue Area and surrounding marakez, buildings area with proposed
FAR are mentioned below:
1:8 FAR for 3000 Sq. Yd. plot
1:9 FAR for 3000-5000 Sq. Yd plot
1:10 FAR for more than 5000 Sq. Yd plot
• There will be no bar on number of story's but buildings would have to
be constructed in accordance with floor area ratio, official says.
• FAR would be 1:8, for 3,000 sq yard to 5,000 sq yard 1:9 and for 5,000
sq yard and above 1:10.
• The fire brigade had no capacity to handle fire incidents in high-rise
buildings. Currently, snorkels of the Emergency and Disaster
Management of Metropolitan Corporation (MCI) have a limit of
reaching up to a height of 68 metres which means it cannot handle
fires in high-rise buildings

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Conclusions
• Concrete structure with concrete flooring maintains acoustic
balance within the structure.
• The materials go with the climate of our zone and are efficient as
well.
• Transitional spaces are provided on each floor to break down the
programs’ monotony.
• 1, 2 and 3 bed apartments can be accommodated on a single storey.
• Glass has been used efficiently for the façade, protecting it from
direct sunrays.
• The fire exits are designed along the core.
• Congested spaces for circulation on office floors.
• No communal spaces on office floors.

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Comparison of Residential Rates in Islamabad

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 Design strategy:

Named after the great Amazon River, the Mall is envisioned to

provide secure, serene and stimulating environment to the
promising as well as booming entrepreneurs.

Designed to look like a ship, Amazon will be an eye-catching

masterpiece of modern architectural and civil engineering

AMAZON MALL
technology. The aim is to satisfy the aesthetic and artistic taste
of local population as well as people coming to the twin cities
from afar.
LOCATION: National Hwy 5, Sector A DHA Phase II,
Islamabad,
It is not just an architectural beauty, but aims to become the
ARCHITECTS: Imarat Groups commercial renaissance of Pakistan. Bringing in the rebirth of
BUILDING TYPOLOGY: Retail & Offices culture and commercialization
CONCEPT : Amazon Rain Forest
Floors: 14 ( 2 basements, lower ground, ground 1-8,
2 rooftops)
NEIGHBOURHOOD
CONTEXT

SITE (AMAZON MALL)

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERICAL

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Zonings

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FLOORS DIVISION

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STRUCTURE

Frame structure

• Amazon mall has frame structure to resist gravity and

other lateral loads.

• These structures are generally used to overcome the

large forces, moments developing due to the applied
loading.

• A rigid frame is capable of resisting both vertical and

lateral loads by the bending of beams and columns.

• They are used to solve for internal forces and

moments and support reactions.

• Shear wall construction is done in the Amazon Mall

structure
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• Rows of metal sun louvers slotted between
structural concrete fins help to shade the
glazed façade.
• A precast façade fin is an excellent choice
for cladding purposes which improve the
appearance of building to a greater
extent.
• They are used as slender concrete slabs
for facades to serve as permanent visual.

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Tensile Fabric Shade Façade

• Tensile membrane building facades are made up of several tensioned fabrics that
combine to create a second skin on the building exterior.
• Because the fabric membranes are lightweight and span vertically to create an
exterior facade system,
• Tensile facades are a cost-effective solution to updating any building exterior
because they don’t require as much structural support as other building options.
• Tensile facades offer an alternative to making over a dated building,
• Provides shade,
• Such facades Increase energy efficiency of the building.
• Tensile facades also block the glare while still allowing some natural light.
• It eliminates the need for adding curtains to windows and protects furnishings, etc.
from UV fading.
• The façade used in amazon building helps dampen noise inside a building from
such noise pollution as airplanes, traffic, or manufacturing.
• The exterior lights up at night giving an impression of tropical rain forest and
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INTERIOR

• The interior of the high rise building is quite modern.

• Since the theme was to design a tropical themed and
sustainable building, we notice the feature accordingly.
• Green panels and walls are seen in different parts of the
building like food court, giving a tropical effect.
• False ceilings designed in vibrant curves are observed.
• the central area has open to sky grid or web ceiling to break
the monotony.
• Natural light is accessible through the roof design.

MATERIAL

• The outer façade has glass, concrete, fiber, steel grids used in
the structure.
• Natural vegetation is seen on the façade to make building
efficient, sustainable and to give a tropical vibe.
• The interior has concrete, glass, marble tiles for flooring false
ceiling lights, recessed lights and wooden panels.

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STRUCTURE-BASEMENT

• Column to column distance:

24’max

• Column to column distance

minimum: 18’

• Corridors: 12’
Columns
• Rectangular Columns:2’x6’

• Smallest columns: 2’x2’ Core walls

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BASEMENT PLAN
STRUCTURE-LOWER GROUND

• Column to column distance:

24’max

• Column to column distance

minimum: 18’
Columns
• Corridors: 12’

• Rectangular Columns:2’x6’ Core walls

• Smallest columns: 2’x2’

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STRUCTURE- FOURTH FLOOR

• Column to column distance:

24’max

• Column to column distance

minimum: 18’

• Corridors: 12’ Columns

• Rectangular Columns:2’x6’
Core walls
• Smallest columns: 2’x2’

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN Contoso Ltd.

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 High Density Building Standards Islamabad, Pakistan
• In surrounding marakez, buildings area with proposed FAR are mentioned
below:
• 1:8 FAR for 3000 Sq. Yd. plot
• 1:9 FAR for 3000-5000 Sq. Yd plot
• 1:10 FAR for more than 5000 Sq. Yd plot

• There will be no bar on number of story's but buildings would have to be

constructed in accordance with floor area ratio, official says.

• FAR would be 1:8, for 3,000 sq yard to 5,000 sq yard 1:9 and for 5,000 sq yard
and above 1:10.

• The fire brigade had no capacity to handle fire incidents in high-rise

buildings. Currently, snorkels of the Emergency and Disaster Management of
Metropolitan Corporation (MCI) have a limit of reaching up to a height of 68
metres which means it cannot handle fires in high-rise buildings
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Conclusions
Concrete and Steel Shear walls are used in the structural frame of
Amazon mall.
The materials go with the climate of our zone and are efficient as
well.
The office spaces are in-between retail floors and the rooftop
restaurant
The amazon jungle theme is followed in the exterior and interior
The main lobby of each floor is the dispersal point for the
shops/offices of that floor
Only one emergency staircase route in the mall
The offices and shops have similar area distribution per space
Transitional spaces on each floor
No grand entrance

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Comparative Analysis
PARAMETERS KOHINOOR SQUARE
Site Information & • Type: Mixed-Use
Development Control Norms • Client: The Kohinoor
Group
• Height: 203 m (Main
Building), 142 m
(Residential Building)
• Floors: 52 (Main
Building), 32 (Residential
Building)
• Site Area: 5 Acres
Figure Ground
Programmatic Content Hotel, Offices, Retail,
Residential, Parking
CCTV HEADQUATERS
• Type: Coorporate
• Client: The Kohinoor
Group
• Height: Tower 1, 234m,
Tower 2, 210m
• Floors: 54
• Built Area: 473.000m2
Offices, Canteen, Play Area,
Parking
DOLMEN MALL
• Type: Mixed Use
• Floors: THF- 19 / mall- 5
• Built Area: 1567,678 sft
Retail, Offices, Food Court,
Play area, Parking
MALL OF ISLAMABAD
• Type: Mixed-Use
• Client: Bahria Town
• Height: 500 ft
• Floors: 20
• Built Area: 910,000sft
Apartments, Retail, Offices,
Food Court, Parking
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Area Distribution Hotel
Office
Services Area
Parking
Residential
Retail
Recreational Ground

Offices
Parking
Apartments
MEP
Restaurants
Health Club
Food Court

Volumetric Composition

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Built-Open Relationship

__________

Zoning

__________

Number of Basements 3 4 2 4

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