Group 5 Chapter 6 Tasks/Essential Questions

Instructions:
These tasks/questions will assess your understanding of the work and kinetic energy concepts.
Please answer it as required by the test format and to the best of your understanding without
looking for the answers on the internet. Write your answers on one (1) whole sheet of paper or
you may also encode it in MS Word or Google Docs. Since this is a group activity, it is expected
of you to provide quality answers and submit only one document for the group (in pdf file). Be
ready for the presentation next meeting. Work well with your groupmates.

Task 1
Question 1:
Identify if the work done by the force on each image is positive, negative, or zero.
Provide an explanation to your answers.

The second work, or letter b, represents positive work because the displacement
and the force acting on it are both moving in the same direction. While displacement is in
the opposite direction of the force acting on it, negative work, denoted by the letter c, is
the inverse. Finally, the letter a represents zero work because it is under the influence of
a force but does not move, implying that no work is being done.

Question 2:
You push your 40.00 kg couch a distance of 4.00 m across the living room floor with a
constant force of 250.0 N at an angle of 29.0°. The force of friction is 150.0 N.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑠 = 4. 00𝑚
Θ = 29. 0
Fyou = 250. 0𝑁
Ffriction =150. 0𝑁

a) Calculate the work done by friction.

 W friction = F friction • 𝑆 • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ
W friction = (150𝑁) • (4. 00𝑚) • (𝑐𝑜𝑠 180°)
W friction = -600𝐽

b) Calculate the work done by you.

W you = F you • 𝑆 • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ

W you = (250𝑁) • (4. 00𝑚) • (𝑐𝑜𝑠 29°)
W you = 874. 62𝐽

c) Calculate the work done by the net force.

W total = F you + W friction

W total = 874. 62𝐽 + (- 600𝐽)
W total = 274. 62𝐽
W total = 275𝐽

Task 2
A 280-kg piano slides 4.3 m down a 30° incline and is kept from accelerating by a man
who is pushing back on it parallel to the incline. The effective coefficient of kinetic friction
is 0.40.

a) Draw the free-body diagram of the forces on the piano.

 b) Calculate the force exerted by the man.
c) Calculate the work done by the man on the piano.
d) Calculate the work done by gravity on the piano.

Task 3
Question 1:
Refer to the graph below.
a) What is the magnitude of the total work done from 0m to 12m?
b) What is the magnitude of the total work done from 8m to 15m?

Question 2:
a) A spring is stretched 6.00 cm from its equilibrium position. If this stretching requires
30.0 J of work, what is the spring constant?
 b) If instead, the spring is compressed by 3.50 cm from its equilibrium, how much work is
done on the spring?

Task 4
Question 1:
a) How much work is needed to change the speed of a 1600 kg sport-utility vehicle from
15.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s?

b) How fast is the vehicle moving if it has gained 12 times its kinetic energy at the speed
of 30.0 m/s?
 Question 2:
A spring with a spring constant of 238.5 N/m is compressed by 0.231 m. Then a steel
ball bearing of mass 0.0500 kg is put against the end of the spring, and the spring is
released. What is the speed of the ball bearing right after it loses contact with the spring?
( The ball bearing will come off the spring exactly as the spring returns to its equilibrium
position. Assume that the mass of the spring can be neglected.)

Task 5
a) Object A and object B have the same mass, object B is placed on the second floor,
and object A is on the 4th floor. Considering the first floor as the zero height position,
which between the two objects has greater gravitational potential energy? Give a
situation to prove your answer without computation.

- Object A has more gravitational potential energy than object B because it is

elevated higher in relation to the first floor, which is considered the zero height
position.

- To demonstrate this, consider dropping a rubber ball from the second and fourth
floors of a building all the way to the first floor. The first rubber ball, or Object A,
will be dropped from the fourth floor. Because of the strong impact, the ball will
make a loud noise and bounce high when it reaches the first floor. When object B
is dropped from the first floor, the ball does not hit the floor as hard as object A
and only bounces up a short distance.

b) A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane to
the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat
top is 0.45 meters, what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height of the
seat top?

The formula for potential energy (PE) is:

PE = mgh

- m = mass of the object in kilograms (kg)

- g = acceleration due to gravity
- h = change in height in meters (m)

Given:
Mass = 3.0 kg
Gravity = 9.81 m/s²
Height = 0.45 m

Asked: PE = ?

Solution:

PE = mgh
PE = (3.0 kg) (9.81 m/s²)(0.45 m)
PE = 13.2435 J
= 13 J
c) Referring to the previous item, what will happen to the potential energy of the cart if its
mass increases four times?

- If its mass is multiplied by four, its potential energy will also be multiplied by four.