Scotia Base Metals Review

Metals & Mining
Key Takeaways from the Scotiabank 2022 Mining Conference:

Global Equity Research
Base Metals, Bulks, and Uranium
Daily Edge | Pre-market OUR TAKE: Positive. We hosted executive management from the base metal, bulks, and
Thursday, December 1, 2022
uranium producers/developers under our coverage at the 2022 Scotia Mining Conference
in Toronto on Nov. 29-30. We highlight our key takeaways by company below and note the
Analyst Team Link to ScotiaView following major themes: (1) near-term growth initiatives appear largely on track and on

Orest Wowkodaw, CPA, CA, CFA | Analyst budget with recent disclosure; (2) most miners remain committed to balancing future growth
Scotia Capital Inc. - Canada | 416-945-4526
with solid shareholder returns; (3) cost inflation is beginning to show signs of easing from
Daniel Sampieri, CPA, CA, CFA | Associate Analyst recent peak levels; (4) Cu and other green metals appear to be gaining the most traction with
investors given global decarbonization trends; and (5) The importance of ESG continues to
Eric Winmill, MFin, CFA | Associate Analyst grow.

Alfonso Salazar, MSc | Analyst

Large Caps
Scotiabank Inverlat | 52-55-5123-2869

Patrick Bryden, CFA | Analyst

Cameco: (1) Uranium fundamentals continue to improve driven by the dual Western World

agendas of decarbonization and energy independence; recent geo-political events have
Jesus Alvarez Estrada | Associate
Scotiabank Inverlat | 52-55-4412-7353
materially improved the company’s bargaining power with utilities. (2) CCO has signed more
than 50M lbs of new long-term U3O8 contracts YTD with another 27M lbs near finalization
This report is intended for replaceme@bluematrix.com. Unauthorized distribution of this report is prohibited.
Nick Koch, MSc., P.Geo. | Senior Associate

(vs. only 30M lbs in 2021). New contracts are primarily based on market pricing (rather
than fixed) with significantly improved collar bands (ie. higher floors and ceilings). (3) The
future restart of partially idled capacity at both McArthur River and Cigar Lake remains
dependent on the size of the long-term contract portfolio (ie. pre-selling future production).
The company has installed capacity to produce up to 32M lbs pa of U3O8 in the right market
(vs. only 11M lbs this year). (4) The recently announced acquisition of Westinghouse or
“WEC” (49% CCO) is a transformative transaction that adds a significant and stable source of
recurring revenue and FCF while achieving vertical integration through the nuclear fuel cycle
for light water reactors. CCO anticipates WEC to be a self funding business with meaningful
cash distributions. (5) Advancing the Global Laser Enrichment (GLE) initiative appears to be
gaining significant momentum (this asset represents upside to our current valuation).
First Quantum: (1) Over the next few years, the company remains largely focused on
deleveraging the balance sheet. (2) FM is also pursuing several lower capital intensive
brownfield growth options, including the CP100 expansion, Kansanshi S3 expansion,
Enterprise, and potentially Las Cruces underground. Longer term, the Taca Taca Cu project
in Argentina is likely to represent the next large-scale greenfield investment. (3) Discussions
with respect to finalizing a new fiscal agreement (Law 9) in Panama remain ongoing with
no material changes expected to previously disclosed terms. FM is hoping for a near-term
conclusion in the documentation. (4) The operational performance at Kansanshi is anticipated
to remain under pressure until the completion of the S3 expansion (start-up in 2025).
Teck Resources: (1) No major corporate strategy changes are anticipated following the recent
appointment of Mr. Jonathan Price as CEO. (2) The giant QB2 Cu project in Chile remains
on track for start-up by year-end 2022 or early 2023 (ie. first Cu is only weeks away!). The
ramp-up of QB2 will transform the company’s portfolio into a Cu dominated asset base
(diluting HCC exposure). (3) Future growth beyond QB2 is copper focused. Teck is uniquely
positioned among the larger miners with a deep portfolio of undeveloped Cu projects
supporting more than a generation of potential growth. A feasibility study for the QB Mill
Expansion (QBME project) is expected in Q1/24 with a sanctioning decision to follow; this
project will take advantage of existing infrastructure, materially lowering the expected capital
intensity. New greenfield projects are likely to be structured as JV’s, limiting Teck’s future
capital requirements. (4) The company plans to harvest HCC cash flows (while maintaining
flat output) to fund future growth in Cu and to support shareholder returns. Balancing growth
initiatives with strong shareholder returns remains a key priority.
Production: November 30, 2022, 22:18 ET. Dissemination: December 1, 2022, 06:27 ET.
For Reg AC Certification and important disclosures see Appendix A of this report. Analysts
employed by non-U.S. affiliates are not registered/qualified as research analysts with
FINRA in the U.S. unless otherwise noted within this report.
Daily Edge | Pre-market

Ivanhoe
Mines: (1) Kamoa-Kakula is already operating at a ~400ktpy Cu run-rate; this is anticipated
to reach ~450ktpy Cu once the current de-bottlenecking project on Phases I and II is complete by
mid-2023. (2) An updated feasibility study on the proposed Phase III expansion project, which is
designed to increase total throughput to ~14Mtpy yielding Cu output of ~600ktpy, is anticipated in
Q1/23. Moreover, a pre-feasibility study on the proposed Phase IV expansion, which is designed to
increase total throughput to ~19Mtpa yielding total Cu output of ~800ktpy, is also expected during
H1/23. (3) Materially higher logistics/transport costs were more impactful than inflation on consumables
this year; these elevated logistics costs are now showing signs of easing. (4) Exploration efforts on the
highly prospective Western Foreland property (100% IVN), located adjacent to Kamoa-Kakula, are
anticipated to significantly ramp-up starting in 2023. (5) Separately, first production at the Platreef PGM
mine in South Africa and the Kipushi Zn mine in the DRC are both expected by the end of 2024.
Vale (Base Metals): (1) The company anticipates the nickel market to enter a sustainable net deficit
position by 2027 driven by very strong EV adoption growth and other growing demand sources from
the global energy transition (a relatively modest net surplus position is forecast near-term). Overall,
the nickel market is anticipated to increase by ~50% by 2030. A bifurcation between Class 1 and Class
2 nickel appears inevitable. (2) Vale has a deep and attractive portfolio of potential future growth
projects in both nickel and copper; these include Salobo 3 (Brazil) and Victor (Canada), along with
Bahodopi, Pomalaa, and Hu’u (all in Indonesia). (3) A Board decision on a potential listing/spin out of
the company’s base metal division (including the Brazilian Cu mines) is anticipated very shortly, perhaps
as early as the scheduled Vale Day in New York on December 7th. Proceeds from a potential public
listing would be utilized to help fund planned growth initiatives within the business.
Mid Caps
Capstone Copper: (1) The $825M Mantoverde Cu sulphide project remains on schedule for start-up
in Q4/23 (~69% complete) and is on budget. The project includes a $525M fixed price turn-key EPCM
contract and $140M of fixed price mining equipment (~80% of total), limiting capex escalation. (2)
With Mantoverde sulphide reserves of 231Mt representing just ~20% of total resources of 1.2Bt, we
anticipate a material increase in reserves once self-imposed TSF constraints are eased shortly. (3) A
future Phase II expansion designed to double the Phase I throughput of 32ktpd yielding up to +30ktpy
of Cu (vs. 102ktpy) is already under evaluation (FS due in H2/23). (4) By combining Mantoverde and
Santo Domingo, CS envisions a ~200ktpy Cu district with the potential to become one of the world’s
largest producers of cobalt (~6.0-6.5ktpy) outside the DRC. Overall, the company believes it has the
opportunity to unlock $80M-$100M per annum of operating cost savings, enable additional copper
and cobalt output, reduce infrastructure capex requirements, while realizing significant tax synergies.
The company plans to ramp-up Mantoverde before starting the development of Santo Domingo. (5) In
addition to easing fuel costs, sulphuric acid costs for the existing oxide operations in Chile have begun
to materially recede from recent peak levels (acid costs represented >50% of opex earlier this year).
Champion Iron: (1) The company anticipates an improvement in Fe prices as higher cost producers exit
the market and China demand recovers. (2) The ramp-up of Bloom Lake Phase II is going very well and is
anticipated to achieve the full nameplate expanded capacity of ~15Mtpa exiting 2022. (3) The company
has four potential future sources of growth (technical studies for all four are anticipated during 2023),
including a 69% Fe direct reduction (DR) pellet feed upgrading facility at Bloom Lake (feasibility study
due in Q1/23; preliminary capex of ~$375M for ~8Mtpy; ~30 month construction timeline), a potential
Phase III expansion at Bloom Lake, the potential development of the adjacent Kami Fe deposit, and
the potential refurbishment of the Pointe Noire pelletizing plant. We anticipate the approval of the
DR upgrading facility during 2023, with investment for incremental production growth likely to begin
in 2024. (4) Given the strong balance sheet and solid operating margins, the company believes it can
continue to fund growth initiatives while maintaining the current semi-annual dividend even in a lower
Fe price environment. (5) A potential re-domicile of the company to Canada (from Australia) remains a
corporate priority and is under evaluation.
Ero Copper: (1) Management continues to be focused on return on invested capital (ROIC), rather than
NAV accretion. (2) The recent dileanation of Project Honeypot, a higher grade mineralized zone of the
Pilar mine located closer to surface, provides significant operational flexibility to the overall Caraiba

Global Equity Research 2

mine
plan and will allow the company to slow down development of the new shaft project. (3) The
Caraiba district remains highly prospective for base metals (magmatic sulphide deposit); the regional
exploration program is now largely focused on high grade Ni with near-mine exploration focused on
high grade Cu. The geologic significance of the recent Ni discovery, named the Umburana System
(located near the Pilar processing infrastructure), remains under evaluation. (4) The development of the
Tucuma (formerly Boa Esperanca) Cu project is going well with critical earthworks completed ahead of
the rainy season; the project remains on track for start-up in mid-2024 (this asset will essentially double
Ero’s annual Cu production). To date, ERO is seeing only modest capex escalation above budget. An
updated resource and mine plan is anticipated to be released in H1/23. (5) Management would like to
see a capital return program initiated following the completion of the current growth phase.
Hudbay Minerals: (1) The ramp-up of mining in the higher grade Pampacancha satellite deposit in
Peru is going very well; as a result, blended Cu and by-product Au grades at the Constancia mill are
anticipated to significantly improve starting in Q4/22. (2) The highly prospective Maria Reyna and
Caballito properties, located near Constancia, represent potential future opportunities to supplement
higher grade mill feed. Drilling results from these properties are anticipated to begin in 2024. (3) HBM
continues to see good upside to add value in its Manitoba operations via exploration drilling and the
potential to reprocess historic tailings. (4) A future Copper World investment decision requires all
permits, a feasibility study with a >15% IRR, and a prudent financing strategy that includes a partner. (5)
However, near-term, HBM is primarily focused on FCF generation and deleveraging the balance sheet.
Lundin Mining: (1) The company has a very strong balance sheet (net cash of ~$180M at Q3/22) and
is well positioned to advance growth. (2) Development sanctioning of the large scale Josemaria Cu
project in Argentina is targeted by the end of 2023. (3) LUN is evaluating a potential underground
expansion project at Candelaria designed to add ~25ktpa of Cu production (no details were disclosed).
(4) A maiden resource estimate for the recently discovered higher grade Sauva Cu deposit at Chapada
is anticipated in Q1/23. (4) LUN has a very high current dividend yield of ~4.7%; the company will be
selective around future share buybacks, targeting buying back stock at low parts of the cycle only.
Nexa Resources: (1) The ramp-up at the recently constructed Aripuana Zn mine in Brazil is progressing
well and is on track to reach commercial production by the end of the 2022. (2) The company plans
to improve its liquidity via FCF generation following the ramp-up of Aripuana (this includes taking a
breather before beginning new major project development). (3) Growing future copper exposure is a key
part of the new strategy.
Small Caps, Developers, and Royalties/Streamers
Arizona Metals: (1) The company is planning to drill another 13,000m at Kay in the Phase 2 program
“testing the edges” of the deposit along with some infill drilling. (2) AMC also plans to drill 76,000m
at the property in a Phase 3 program with a budget of $32M over next 12-18 months. (3) Testing of
the Central target is starting as of today now that drill pads have been constructed and a drill has
been moved into place. (4) Western target drilling is planned for early January 2023 once roads are
completed. AMC noted that all permits and funding are in place to complete the Phase 3 drill program.
AMC has ~C$57M in cash on hand.
Altius Minerals: (1) With no exposure to capital or operating costs across its royalties portfolio, ALS
represents a natural hedge to inflation. Moreover, the royalty model offers inherent free optionality
to exploration, life extensions, and expansions within the underlying asset base. (2) ALS has several
expected near-term catalysts within its portfolio, which includes potash operators ramping up capacity,
a maiden resource for the Sauva deposit at LUN’s Chapada Cu mine in Q1/23, along with an updated
Kami Fe feasibility study in H2/23 by CIA-T. (3) New business generation within Altius Renewables
Royalties (ARR-T, covered by Scotiabank GBM Analyst Justin Strong) remains incredibly strong.
Copper Mountain: (1) Cu production is anticipated to materially rebound in 2023 (to ~100m lbs) after
a very weak 2022 related to several operational challenges. (2) Regulatory approvals for the previously
announced sale of the Eva copper project are progressing well; the transaction is expected to close in


Q1/23.
Proceeds from the sale (including $170M of cash) will be primarily utilized for corporate debt
reduction. (3) A CEO search is underway following the planned retirement of Mr. Gil Clausen.
Ecora Resources: (1) Ecora has undergone a significant transformation from its coal heritage to a
portfolio dominated by more sustainable commodities. By 2026, Ecora is expected to provide almost
100% exposure to more sustainable, future facing commodities, including cobalt, copper, nickel,
vanadium, and uranium. (2) Until its single remaining metallurgical coal royalty winds down by mid-
decade, Ecora will continue to redirect met coal cash flows into commodities like copper, nickel, and
cobalt.
Foran Mining: (1) The exploration decline has been advanced 130m to date as the company continues
derisking the project in advance of a formal construction decision next year. (2) Foran expects to
accelerate exploration efforts across its 1,472km2 land package with 35,000m of drilling planned in 2023
(3x larger program than 2022) to follow up on drilling at the nearby Tesla discovery (located 300m from
McIlvenna Bay) along with testing of other regional targets. (3) The company has C$69M in cash on
hand after including recent warrant exercises.
Sherritt: (1) The company remains very bullish on the long-term outlook for Class 1 nickel and
for cobalt driven by growing EV demand. (3) The recently approved $77M expansion at Moa is
anticipated to increase nickel and cobalt production by ~20%; an updated 43-101 TR for Moa that is
expected to extend the mine life (>2040) by lowering the cutoff grade is anticipated shortly. (3) The
company recently announced a new cobalt stream designed to recover all receivables from the Cuban
government over a multi year period.
Solaris Resources: (1) The current drill program aims to double the size of the starter pit to more than
500Mt along with growing the overall resource base, largely through filling in drilling at Warintza East.
(2) At Warintza South, Solaris is undertaking a sampling program ~1.5km north of the original discovery
hole and plans to identify targets there for drilling early next year, to potentially outline a second
starter pit. (3) Solaris noted that the drill programs are fully funded through the end of 2023. (4) Solaris
continues to work on creating a spinout company for its compelling non-Warintza exploration targets
that would be distributed to shareholders following an eventual sale of the Warintza deposit.
Trilogy Metals: (1) The Joint Venture (JV) is focused on continued exploration in and around the Arctic
deposit with additional drill assays still to be released from the summer 2022 drill program. (2) Trilogy
continues to expect a draft SEIS to be published in Q2/2023. (3) The JV remains well funded with over
$90M in cash and the project continues to have strong support from NANA, the Alaska Regional Native
Corporation.
Energy Transition, Natural Capital, and Decarbonization Dynamics Panel Key

Takeaways
During the 2022 Scotia Mining Conference, we hosted a panel featuring Simon MacLean, Group
Controller, ESG, from First Quantum Minerals, Sepanta Dorri, Vice President, Decarbonization, Teck
Resources, and Patrick Drouin, SVP, Investor Relations and Sustainability, Wheaton Precious Metals,
along with hosts Pat Bryden (Scotiabank GBM ESG Equity Research Analyst) and Grant Moenting
(Scotiabank GBM Equity Sales). The panel discussion was centred around energy transition, natural
capital, and decarbonization dynamics. In our view, key takeaways from this panel include:
• The base metals (along with silver) are well positioned to form part of the solution for global
decarbonization efforts as the world shifts to renewable sources of energy and electrifying grids.
• Copper plays a key role with respect to renewable infrastructure, electric vehicles, and batteries.
Zinc plays a key role in galvanizing steel, batteries, and infrastructure. Steelmaking coal also has
a role to play, as without steel you do not have infrastructure, and this infrastructure is needed to
support global decarbonization. Silver also plays a key role in solar panels, electric vehicles, and
in nuclear (during the fission process).


• But producing the metals is not enough. Corporations need to look across the value chain in the
production of metals in order to understand key drivers for greenhouse gas emissions and what
opportunities lend themselves to the highest abatement potential at the lowest relative cost.
• A key area of focus is diesel emissions and consumption with respect to the mining fleets that
form a large portion of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly for large bulk tonnage mines.
Electric trolley assist has been singled out as a key initiative that can reduce diesel emissions
from a mining fleet to a tenth of previous levels, while also increasing mining rates via increased
truck speed (FM-T currently has the worlds' largest trolley asset fleet; TECK.B-T is currently
evaluating this initiative). The evolution of large scale electric haul trucks is anticipated to play a
key role in reducing GHG emissions over time.
• Capital providers such as royalty and streaming companies also have a key role to play, as they
can act as “Agents of Change” by performing ESG due diligence before making investments.
• Examples include ensuring the tailings approach chosen by a potential mine takes into account
the water consumption needs of the local geographic area.
Buyside Perspectives Amid the Evolving Landscape of ESG Panel Key Takeaways
Scotiabank hosted a buyside perspectives panel amid the evolving landscape of ESG. Participants in
the panel included Chris Beer (Portfolio Manager at RBC Global Asset Management), John Kratochwil
(Senior Analyst at AGF Investments), Jennifer So (Portfolio Manager at BMO Asset Management), and
Adam Low (Portfolio Manager at Guardian Capital), along with hosts Pat Bryden (Scotiabank GBM ESG
Equity Research Analyst) and Grant Moenting (Scotiabank GBM Equity Sales). Key takeaways from the
session are summarized below:
• ESG is the new reality that is here to stay as it becomes further engrained in the investment
process. There are still many questions and concerns about intention and strategy, and although
there has historically been a focus solely on the Environmental, ‘E’, aspect of ESG, investors have a
wide range of values and are seeking unique investment opportunities that provide alignment. There
is a continued trend of digging deeper into which metrics are being used and specifically the quality
of the metrics which help guide decisions.
• Best practices for ESG strategies are emerging as there is a growing trend across industry to
move far beyond a box checking exercise, and instead beginning early on in the investment
process. Portfolio Managers can perform their own due diligence and it is recognized that small
cap companies may generally be behind the curve, largely driven by a lack of resources, but they
are progressing. Best practices are to align with internationally recognized standards such as SASB,
TCFD, and the World Gold Council. Emissions have been a focus for ESG in the mining industry but
there is feedback that the processes and technologies are advancing. There is an increased focus
on using proxy voting and activist investment to influence a company’s direction, and there are still
many conversations to be had surrounding the topic of divestment.
• Excited about Canada’s long-term outlook and the need to get the next wave of projects started.
Government may take time to get things going (on natural resource projects) but having integration
across all levels, and supporting engagement is a high priority.
• ESG is viewed as a positive catalyst, and there are clear business benefits through operational
excellence by reduced downtime, more efficient permitting and engaged communities, and the
potential for reduced risk. In terms of alpha it is difficult to capture the value of ESG in a score, but
operational excellence often leads to better margins, as well as better safety practices. Greenfield
projects are somewhat preferred from an ESG perspective because of the ability to influence
direction, but resolving historical challenges can be a catalyst for projects as well.


Appendix A: Important Disclosures
Company Disclosures (see legend below)*

Altius Renewable Royalties Corp. I
Cameco Corporation I, J
Capstone Copper Corp. VS0649
Ecora Resources PLC V0191
First Quantum Minerals Ltd. O3, VS0725
Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. VS0691
Teck Resources Limited D42, E2, HH
Vale VS0165, VS0344, VS0722
We, Patrick Bryden, Alfonso Salazar, Orest Wowkodaw, Eric Winmill and Daniel Sampieri, certify that (1) the views expressed in this report in
connection with securities or issuers that we analyze accurately reflect our personal views and (2) no part of our compensation was, is, or will
be directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by us in this report.
This document has been prepared by Research Analysts employed by The Bank of Nova Scotia and/or its affiliates. The Bank of Nova Scotia,
its subsidiaries, branches and affiliates are referred to herein as "Scotiabank." "Scotiabank" together with "Global Banking and Markets"
is the marketing name of the global corporate and investment banking and capital markets business of The Bank of Nova Scotia and its
affiliates. Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets produces research reports under a single marketing identity referred to as "globally
branded research" under U.S. rules. This research is produced on a single global research platform with one set of rules which meet the
most stringent standards set by regulators in the various jurisdictions in which the research reports are produced. In addition, the Research
Analysts who produce the research reports, regardless of location, are subject to one set of policies designed to meet the most stringent
rules established by regulators in the various jurisdictions where the research reports are produced.
Scotiabank relies on information barriers to control the flow of non-public or proprietary information contained in one or more areas within
Scotiabank into other areas, units, groups or affiliates of Scotiabank. In addition, Scotiabank has implemented procedures to prevent
research independence being compromised by any interactions they may have with other business areas of The Bank of Nova Scotia. The
compensation of the Research Analyst who prepared this document is determined exclusively by Scotiabank Research Management and
senior management (not including investment or corporate banking).
Research Analyst compensation is not based on investment or corporate banking revenues; however, compensation may relate to the
revenues of Scotiabank as a whole, of which investment banking, corporate banking, sales and trading are a part. Scotiabank Research will
initiate, update and cease coverage solely at the discretion of Scotiabank Research Management. Scotiabank Research has independent
supervisory oversight and does not report to the corporate or investment banking functions of Scotiabank.
For Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets Research Analyst Standards and Disclosure Policies, please visit www.gbm.scotiabank.com/
disclosures.
For additional questions, please contact Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets Research, 4 King St W, 12th Flr, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 1A1.
Time of dissemination: December 1, 2022, 06:27 ET. Time of production: November 30, 2022, 22:18 ET. Note: Time of dissemination is
defined as the time at which the document was disseminated to clients. Time of production is defined as the time at which the Supervisory
Analyst approved the document.
*Legend
D42 Una M. Power, a Director of the Bank of Nova Scotia, is a member of the Board of Directors of Teck Resources Limited.
E2 The common shares of this issuer are subordinate voting shares.
HH The Head of Equity Research or a Supervisory Analyst owns securities of this issuer in his or her own account or in a related
account.
I Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. or its affiliates has received compensation for investment banking services in the past 12 months.
J Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. or its affiliates expects to receive or intends to seek compensation for investment banking services in the
next 3 months.
O3 The Bank of Nova Scotia and its affiliates collectively have a net long position in excess of 0.5% of the total issued share capital of
the issuer.
V0191 Scotia Capital Inc. is acting as financial advisor to South32 Limited in connection with the announced sale of its non-core base
metals royalty portfolio to Anglo Pacific Group PLC.


VS0165 Research Analyst Alfonso Salazar visited the Itabiritos mine, an operating mine, on August 6 and 7, 2014. The issuer paid for a
portion of the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit the site.
VS0344 Research Analyst Alfonso Salazar visited the Sudbury operations, a complex including nickel-copper mines, a smelter, and a
refinery, on October 1, 2015. Partial payment was received from the issuer for the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research
Analyst to visit this site.
VS0649 Research Associate Analyst Daniel Sampieri visited Capstone's Pinto Valley mine in Arizona, USA, and Cozamin mine in Zacatecas,
Mexico, on October 1-2, 2019. The issuer paid for a portion of the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Associate to
visit the site.
VS0691 Research Analyst Orest Wowkodaw visited Ivanhoe Mines Ltd’s Kamoa-Kakua, Platreef and Kipushi mine development projects in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Africa on February 12-15 2020. Partial payment was received from the issuer for
the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit this site.
VS0722 Research Analyst Alfonso Salazar visited Vale’s Sudbury Mining and Refining Complex in Sudbury, Ontario on September 7 and 8,
2022. The issuer paid for a portion of the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit the site.
VS0725 Research Analyst Orest Wowkodaw visited the Cobre Panama copper-gold mine in Panama on September 14, 2022. The issuer
paid for a portion of the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit the site.


Definition of Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets Equity Research Ratings

Scotiabank has a three-tiered rating system, with ratings of Sector Outperform, Sector Perform, and Sector Underperform. Each Research
Analyst assigns a rating that is relative to his or her coverage universe or an index identified by the Research Analyst that includes, but is not
limited to, stocks covered by the Research Analyst.
The rating assigned to each security covered in this report is based on the Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets Research Analyst’s 12-
month view on the security. Research Analysts may sometimes express in research reports shorter-term views on these securities that may
impact the price of the equity security in a manner directly counter to the Research Analyst’s 12-month view. These shorter-term views
are based upon catalysts or events that may have a shorter-term impact on the market price of the equity securities discussed in research
reports, including but not limited to the inherent volatility of the marketplace. Any such shorter-term views expressed in research report are
distinct from and do not affect the Research Analyst’s 12-month view and are clearly noted as such.
Ratings

Sector Outperform (SO) Other Ratings

The stock is expected to outperform the average 12-month total
return of the analyst’s coverage universe or an index identified by Under Review – The rating has been temporarily placed under
the analyst that includes, but is not limited to, stocks covered by the review, until sufficient information has been received and assessed
analyst. by the analyst.
Sector Perform (SP) Tender – As of January 25, 2021, Scotiabank GBM discontinued the
Tender rating.
The stock is expected to perform approximately in line with the
average 12-month total return of the analyst’s coverage universe or Risk Ranking
an index identified by the analyst that includes, but is not limited to,
The Speculative risk ranking reflects exceptionally high financial
stocks covered by the analyst.
and/or operational risk, exceptionally low predictability of financial
Sector Underperform (SU) results, and exceptionally high stock volatility. The Director of
Research and the Supervisory Analyst jointly make the final
The stock is expected to underperform the average 12-month total
determination of the Speculative risk ranking.
return of the analyst’s coverage universe or an index identified by
the analyst that includes, but is not limited to, stocks covered by the
analyst.
Focus Stock (FS)

As of April 29, 2019, Scotiabank GBM discontinued the Focus
Stock rating. A stock assigned this rating represented an analyst’s
best idea(s); stocks in this category were expected to significantly
outperform the average 12-month total return of the analyst’s
coverage universe or an index identified by the analyst that
included, but was not limited to, stocks covered by the analyst.
Ratings Distribution
As of November 30, 2022
Companies Rated Investment Banking Service Provided
in Each Category in the Last 12 Months
Rating Count Percentage Count Percentage
Sector Outperform 259 50% 70 27%
Sector Perform 244 47% 55 23%
Sector Underperform 18 3% 0 0%
For the purposes of the ratings distribution disclosure FINRA requires members who use a ratings system with terms different than
“buy,” “hold/neutral” and “sell,” to equate their own ratings into these categories. Our Sector Outperform, Sector Perform, and Sector
Underperform ratings are based on the criteria above, but for this purpose could be equated to buy, neutral and sell ratings, respectively.


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Scotia Base Metals Review

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Metals & Mining

Key Takeaways from the Scotiabank 2022 Mining Conference:

Alfonso Salazar, MSc | Analyst

Patrick Bryden, CFA | Analyst

Nick Koch, MSc., P.Geo. | Senior Associate

Small Caps, Developers, and Royalties/Streamers

Energy Transition, Natural Capital, and Decarbonization Dynamics Panel Key

Appendix A: Important Disclosures

Company Disclosures (see legend below)*

Definition of Scotiabank, Global Banking and Markets Equity Research Ratings

Sector Outperform (SO) Other Ratings

analyst. by the analyst.

Focus Stock (FS)

© The Bank of Nova Scotia 2022

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