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LET’S LEARN THEM BY HEART

Words Hindi Meanings Synonyms
 Elucidate: Li"V djuk Clarify

 Gal: yM+dh Damsel

 Gale: v¡kèkh Tempest

 Gall: xqLrk[kh Insolence

 Prodigal: [kphZyk Extravagant

 Frugal: ferO;;h Thrifty

 Covert: fNik gqvk@xqIr Concealed

 Overt: [kqyk gqvk@izR;{k Obvious

 Plenty: izpqjrk Opulence

 Scanty: de Meagre

 Plethora: vf/drk Plentitude

 Modicum: vYi Iota

 Obliterate: feVk nsuk Exterminate

 Decimate: cjckn djuk@cM+h la[;k Eradicate

esa ekjuk
 Extirpate: cjckn djuk Devastate

 Annihilate: cjckn djuk@fouk'k djuk Ravage

 Reticent: vYiHkk"kh Reserved

 Taciturn: ferHkk"kh Close-mouthed

 Fickle: ifjorZu'khy Volatile

A Lagniappe for you

 Niggardly:  Parsimonious:

 Stingy:  Miser:

 Closefisted:  Skinflint:
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IDIOMS AND PHRASES

1. A sixty-four dollar question : egRoiw.kZ iz'u ftldk mÙkj nsuk dfBu gksA (An
important question that is difficult to
answer)
2. Willy-Nilly : fcuk #fp ds (without interest)
3. Paper over the cracks : leL;k fNikuk (to hide problem)
4. Pay lip service : th gtwjh djuk (pretend to regard)
5. Deliver the goods : djds fn[kkuk ftldh vkils mEehn gks (to
do what someone hopes you will do )
6. Hobson's choice : dksbZ fodYi uk gksuk (No choice at all)
7. Alma Mater : og laLFkk tgk¡ ls vkius f'k{kk xzg.k dh gks
(The college or university where you
studied)
8. Faux pas : xyrh (Mistake)/ Gaffe
9. Hanky Panky : Ny diV (To mislead)
10.Past master : fdlh fo'ks"k {ks=k esa fuiq.k (Expert)

ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS

1. Bougainvillea : ,d fo'ks" k iz dkj dk ikS / k (A tropical
climbing plant with red, purple or pink
flowers)
2. Gobble : tYnh&tYnh [kkuk Eat (something)
hurriedly and noisily
3. Hansom : ?kksM+k&xkM+h] rk¡xk (A two wheeled horse-
drawn cab accommodating two inside,
with the driver seated behind)
4. Expiate : izk;f'pr djuk (To make atonment for
one's sins )
5. Sacrilege : vifo=khdj.k (Violation of the sanctity of
a sacred place)
6. Surreal : vokLrfod (Resembling a dream )
7. Bronco : taxyh ?kksM+k (A wild horse)
8. Sermon : /eks Z i ns ' k (A speech delivered by a
prophet or saint from a pulpit)
9. Elope : iQjkj gks tkuk (To run away with a lover)
10.Amnesia : Le`fr yksi] Hkwy A medical condition that
makes you unable to remember things
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PREFIXES
1. Ante – bl Prefix dk iz;ksx tc fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk gksrk gS rks mlesa ^^iwo Z ;k igys (before)** dk vFkZ tqM+ tkrk
gSA bl Prefix ls ;qDr dqN 'kCn gSa&
• Antecedent Preceding • Antediluvian Before the flood; ancient
• Antenatal Of care before birth (during pregnancy)
2. Ambi – bl Prefix dk vFkZ gksrk gS both ;k around, blfy, tc bldk iz;ksx fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk gqvk gks rks mlesa
^nksuksa* ;k ^pkjks vksj* dk vFkZ ;k Hkko gksrk gSA bl Prefix ls ;qDr dqN 'kCn gSa&
• Ambivalent Simultaneous existence of two different opinions
• Ambidextrous Able to use both hands
SUFFIXES
1. Age – bl Suffix dk iz;ksx tc fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk gksrk gS rks ;g action, state, process, result, place ;k
collection dks n'kkZrk gSA bl Suffix ls ;qDr dqN 'kCn fuEukafdr gS &
• Alienage The state of being alienated or transferred to another place
• Blockage The state of being blocked up • Breakage The state of being broken
2. Ish - bl suffix dk iz;ksx tc fdlh 'kCn ds lkFk gksrk gS rks ;g somewhat like dk vFkZ nsrk gSA bl suffix ls
;qDr dqN 'kCn fuEukafdr gSa&
• Childish Child-like/Immature • Churlish Ill-bred/rustic
ROOT WORDS
1 . Mis/Miso = Hate/bad/wrong 2. Phil/phile = Love/lover
Misanthropist = One who hates mankind. Philology = Love of language/words
Misogynist = One who hates women Philosophy = Love of wisdom
Misogamist = One who hates marriage Bibliophile = Lover of books

1. Let us discuss some words using prefix 'en-'.

Prefix + Word/Root + Suffix = Final word

En- + case + - ment = Encasement
En- + cash + - ment = Encashment
En- + joy + - ment = Enjoyment
En- + rich + - ment = Enrichment
2. Let us discuss some words based on '-En' as a suffix, wherein it means 'to make'.
Prefix + Word/Root + Suffix = Final word
Broad + - en = Broaden
Bright + - en = Brighten
Haste + - (-e) en = Hasten
Smooth + - en = Smoothen
3. In the following table 'A-' and 'An-' mean 'Not': 'lacking'.
Prefix + Word/Root + Suffix = Final word
A- + moral = Amoral
A- + the- + - ist = Atheist
An- + -archy = Anarchy
An- + emia- = Anemia
4. We have another negative prefix, 'Dis-', which means 'not'. Let us discuss some words based
on 'Dis'.
Prefix + Word/Root + Suffix = Final word
Dis- + able = Disable
Dis- + advantage + - ous = Disadvantageous
Dis- + agree + -able + -ness= Disagreeableness
Dis- + aster + -ous = Disasterous
5. Let us analyze some words based on 'un'.
Prefix + Word/Root + Suffix = Final word
Un- + able = Unable
Un- + avoidable = Unavoidable
Un- + bearable = Unbearable
Un- + biased- = Unbiased
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Q.1 Given below are four jumbled sentences. (3) For the weaker sections of the society a
Select the option that gives their correct new scholarship scheme had been
order launched by our Institute.
A. However, the rate of population (4) For the weaker sections of the society
increase is another important factor to our Institute had launched a new
consider. scholarship scheme.
B. This change can be expressed in two Q.6 Select the most appropriate option to
ways. substitute the underlined segment in the
given sentence. If no substitution is
C. Growth of population refers to the
required, select No improvement
change in the number of inhabitants of
If I have had money, I would have bought
a country.
this car.
D. First, in terms of absolute numbers and (1) had (2) did have
second, in terms of percentage change.
(3) had had (4) no improvement
(1) CBDA (2) CADB
Comprehension:
(3) BADC (4) BDCA
Q.2 Select the synonym of the given word. Direction (7-11) In the following passage some
words have been deleted. Fill in the blanks with
INCINERATE the help of the alternatives given. Select the most
(1) parch (2) moderate appropriate option for each blank.
(3) ignite (4) quench Environmental pollution is a global
Q.3 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate problem and (1)______ threat to human survival.
word. The causes of pollution are quite (2)______, such
as contamination of water, cutting of trees and
The baby looked__________ the toffee with
greedy eyes. forests, emission of toxic gases etc. Due to
(3)______ factors, the flora and fauna are
(1) upon (2) into adversely affected. An awareness to protect the
(3) on (4) at environment is everybody’s (4)______ duty and
Q.4 In the following question, some part of the we should collectively come forward for this
sentence may have errors. Find out which noble campaign. Government is taking strong
part of the sentence has an error and select (5)______ to check the menace of pollution.
the appropriate option. If a sentence is free Q.7 Select the most appropriate option for blank
from error, select ‘No Error’. No.1
Few people would support (1) / his (1) some (2) the
proposal (2) / wouldn't they? (3) / No (3) a (4) an
error (4) Q.8 Select the most appropriate option for blank
No.2
Q.5 In the following question, a sentence has
been given in Active/Passive voice. Out of (1) enough (2) plenty
four alternatives suggested, select the one, (3) many (4) numerous
which best expresses the same sentence in Q.9 Select the most appropriate option for blank
Passive/Active voice. No.3
(1) that (2) those
Our Institute has launc hed a new
scholarship scheme for the weaker sections (3) this (4) these
of the society. Q.10 Select the most appropriate option for blank
No.4
(1) A new scholarship scheme has been
(1) pious (2) urgent
launched by our Institute for the
(3) moral (4) dubious
weaker sections of the society.
Q.11 Select the most appropriate option for blank
(2) A new sc holarship sc heme was
No.5
launched for our Institute for sections
(1) programmes (2) attempts
of the society which are weak.
(3) enticements (4) measures
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Q.12 Select the correctly spelt word. Q.21 In the following question, some part of the
(1) Asassin (2) Assassin sentence may have errors. Find out which
part of the sentence has an error and select
(3) Assasin (4) Assassen
the appropriate option. If a sentence is free
Q.13 In the following question, out of the four from error, select ‘No Error’.
alternatives, select the alternative which
I am going (1) / to have this certificate (2) /
best expresses the meaning of the idiom/
attest by the Director. (3) / No error (4)
phrase.
Q.22 In the following question, out of the four
The ball is in your court alternatives, select the alternative which
(1) It is up to you to make the next move best expresses the meaning of the idiom/
(2) You have got a fantastic opportunity phrase.
(3) You will be blamed for crimes that you Scapegoat
have not committed (1) Animal sacrifice as an offering to God
(4) You have been put into a dilemma. (2) The most useful animal or person
Q.14 Select the correct synonym of the given (3) A lucky person who is forgiven for his
word. crimes
RENDEZVOUS (4) A person who is blamed for the
mistakes of others
(1) tryst (2) dispersal
Q.23 Select the most appropriate option to
(3) rift (4) split
substitute the underlined segment in the
Q.15 In the following question, out of the four given sentence. If no substitution is
alternatives, select the alternative which required, select No improvement
is the best substitute of the phrase. I couldn’t help but had to cry at his sad story.
A short statement expressing a general (1) cry (2) cried
truth.
(3) was crying (4) No improvement
(1) Maxim (2) Infer
Q.24 Given below are four jumbled sentences.
(3) Drum (4) Pander Select the option that gives their correct order
Q.16 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate A. However, they ignore the truth that
word. progress and success are proportional
She deserved the ac c olades as she to the labor they put in.
__________ for it. B. The general human tendency is to find
(1) hardly worked faults in the policies framed by the
(2) had hard worked government.
(3) was working hard C. They blame the government for their
slow progress, expecting miracles and
(4) had worked hard magical transformation in their life.
Q.17 Select the correctly spelt word. D. So people openly criticize and condemn
(1) Supercede (2) Superzede the policy makers.
(3) Supersede (4) Superceed (1) CDAB (2) BDCA
Q.18 Select the correct antonym of the given (3) DBAC (4) ABCD
word. Q.25 In the following question, a sentence has
DAUNT been given in Direct/Indirect speech. Out of
(1) to thwart (2) to hearten the four alternatives suggested, select the
one, which best express the same sentence
(3) to baffle (4) to deter
in Indirect/Direct speech.
Q.19 Select the correct antonym of the given
Kabir said to me, “I was waiting for you
word.
for a long time.”
CONFRONT (1) Kabir told me that he had been waiting
(1) dodge (2) defy for me for a long time.
(3) scorn (4) flout (2) Kabir had told that me had been
Q.20 Select the word, which means the same as waiting for me for a long time.
the groups of words given. (3) Kabir told me he had been waiting for
A group of arrows me for a long time.
(1) legion (2) wreath (4) Kabir told that me he was waiting for
me for a long time.
(3) quiver (4) volley