DESTINATION B2 – UNIT 15

THE IMPERSONAL PASSIVE (BỊ ĐỘNG KHÁCH QUAN)

Mục đích Sử dụng khi muốn diễn tả ý kiến của người khác trong bản tin hoặc các tình huống
trang trọng.

Đặc điểm Khi that – clause được sử dụng làm tân ngữ của các động từ như : believe, think, say,
report…

Cấu trúc It is [said] that + clause N + is/are [said] to + Vbare / (to have V3/ed)

say → said feel → felt

believe → believed report → reported

think → thought argue → argued

claim → claimed suggest → suggested

estimate → estimated calculate → calculated

announce → announced rumor → rumored

understand → understood …

LƯU Ý Với các động từ như: argue, suggest, calculate… → chỉ sử dụng trong cấu trúc “It is
[argued/…] that, clause”

Khi động từ trong that – clause xảy ra đồng thời / sau động từ trong main – clause →
Vbare

Khi động từ trong that – clause xảy ra trước động từ trong main – clause → (to have
V3/ed)

EX: People think that heart disease is caused by eating the wrong things.

→ Heart disease is thought to be caused by eating the wrong things.

→ It is thought that heart disease is caused by eating the wrong things.

EX: People have suggested that the school should start to produce a magazine.

 The school are suggested to should start to produce a magazine.

 It has been suggested that the school should start to produce a maga.

 Một vài ví dụ về bị động dạng đặc biệt.

People have reported that they are involved in human trafficking.

→ It has been reported that they are involved in human trafficking.

 People generally think that life won’t be found on Mars.

→ It is generally thought that life won’t be found on Mars.

were injured xảy ra trước report

They report that two people were seriously injured in the accident.

→ Two people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.

estimated có thể xảy ra đồng thời với was

People estimated that his restaurant was worth over $10 million.

→ His restaurant was estimated to have been worth over $10 million.

estimated có thể xảy ra sau was

People estimated that his restaurant was worth over $10 million.

→ His restaurant was estimated to have been worth over $10 million.

taste xảy ra đồng thời với say

People say that crocodile tastes like squid.

→ Crocodile is said to taste like squid.

discovered xảy ra trước said

It is said that the Vikings discovered America before Columbus.

→ The Vikings are said to have discovered America before Columbus.

A.THE CAUSATIVE (CÂU CẦU KHIẾN)
S1 + have / get (in the correct form) + S 2 + V3/ed (+ by/ with + O)

1. Sử dụng khi muốn diễn tả sự sắp xếp của ai đó cho S 1 liên quan tới S2.
EX: They will put in a new cooker for us in next week.

→ We will have a new cooker put in next week.

2. Diễn tả một tình huống không thoải mái khi có chuyện gì đó chưa được thực hiện.
EX: We had our herb garden vandalized while we are away.

3. Khi muốn diễn tả việc ai đó sắp xếp làm gì cho mình, sử dụng cụm từ “get sb to do”
hoặc “have sb do”
EX: Why don’t you get the chef to prepare you a vegetarian meal?

OR

EX: Why don’t you have the chef prepare you a vegetarian meal?
WATCH OUT

get thì trang trọng hơn have

get sb to do OR have sb do (không phải have sb TO do nha!)

B.DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECTS

Chủ ngữ trong câu bị động đều có thể là tân ngữ trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp.

S + V + indirect O + direct O
S + V + direct O + prep + indirect O
Indirect O: thường là người.
Giới từ thường: TO & FOR
(xem thêm ở Unit 34 _ Destination B1 bạn nha!

EX: A friend gave my sister this cookery book.

→ My sister was given this cookery book by a friend.

EX: A friend gave this cookery to my sister.

→ This cookery book was given to my sister by a friend.

Dạng câu: People/they + think/ say/ suppose/ believe/ consider/report... + that + S + V

Cách đổi 1: It + be + thought/said/supposed/believed/...+ that + clause

Cách đổi 2: S + be + V3 + to V1 (hiện tại)/ to have + V3 (Quá khứ)

Ví dụ 1: People say that he is a good teacher

Cách đổi 1: It is said that he is a good doctor.
Cách đổi 2: He is said to be a good doctor.

Ví dụ 2: People said that he was a good teacher

Cách đổi 1: It was said that he was a good doctor.
Cách đổi 2: He was said to have been a good doctor.

VIẾT CÂU TỪ CÁC ĐỀ THI CHUYÊN ANH CHÍNH THỨC

(Chuyên Anh Tỉnh Bình Thuận)

1. People say football is the best game to play.
→Football................................................................................

(Chuyên anh Tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc)

2. People think that someone started the fire deliberately.
→The fire.................................................................................

(Chuyên anh Tỉnh Dak Lak)

3. They say the ice in Antarctica is getting thinner all the time. (SAID)
→The ice .................................................................................
(Chuyên Anh Quảng Trị)
4. People believe he won a lot of money on the lottery (TO)
→.............................................................................................

THE END