. Anterior hard palate.

Palate Parotids cheeks

. Posterior soft palate. roof DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
. Teeth placed in the jaw . Thecodont.
Submaxillary/
sockets. BUCCAL Lower Jaw
. Different kinds of teeth . Heterodont. Teeth sub mandilbular
CAVITY SALIVARY
are present. Parotid
. Diphyodont. GLANDS
. Teeth appear twice Sublingual Below Tongue Gland
Muscular Sublingual
in the life time. . Papillae bearing
Tongue Gland
Human dental taste buds.
formula Submandibular Gland
Incisor, I=2
. When food enters the pharynx, PHARYNX GASTRIC Mucus neck Secrete mucus
Canines, C=1 2123 cartilaginous epiglottis closes the GLANDS cells
× 2 = 32 glottis, preventing entry food into
Premolar, PM=2 2123
Molar, M=2 trachea.
Chief (Zymogen or Peptic) Secrete proenzymes like pepsinogen.
cells
. 30 cm long tube, posterior has
gastro- oesophageal sphincter. OESOPHAGUS Secrete HCl and Castle’s
Oxyntic (Parietal) Cells
intrinsic factor.
Fundus Anterior
. Larger gland (1.2 – 1.5 kg), Situated in abdominal cavity just
• J-shaped, store and digests food.
Middle STOMACH LIVER below diaphragm.
• Inner wall of stomach has rugae.
Pyloric
. Bilobed, each form hepatic lobules.
stomach Posterior . Liver lobule covered by Glisson’s capsule.

SMALL INTESTINE . c-shaped first . Second largest gland.

part -
Duodenum PANCREAS . Heterocrine glands-have both exocrine ( Hepato-Pancreatic duct )
SMALL
Epithelial cells INTESTINE and endocrine parts ( Alkaline Pancreatic juice) .
Microvilli . Middle part - Jejunum (7 m Long and
Mitochondria Crypts of Lieberkiihn Lieberkuhn.
2.5 cm diameter) INTESTINAL
. Terminal part - Ileum GLANDS secrete mucus.
Brunner (duodenal) glands
CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION

Blood vessel . Symbiotic microbes Caecum

ORAL Polysaccharides Disaccharides DIGESTION OF FOOD
Goblet cell LARGE CAVITY,
PHARYNX,
(starch, glycogen) (sucrose, lactose)

occur here.
INTESTINE ESOPHAGUS
Salivary amylase
Enterocyte
(i) Ascending (1.5 m long) ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED PRODUCTS Smaller Maltose
Villi Colon polysaccharides PROTEIN DIGESTION
Paneth (ii) Transverse
Villus cell STOMACH Proteins
(iii) Descending Pepsin

Rectum Mouth Stomach

. Pelvic colon leads 1) 2) Small polypeptides NUCLEIC ACID DIGESTION FAT DIGESTION

to rectum that Water, Simple SMALL DNA, RNA Fat (triglycerides)

certain drugs. sugars, Some drugs and Alcohol.
INTESTINE (in droplets coated with
opens out by (enzymes Pancreatic amylases Pancreatic trypsin and
Pancreatic
bile salts)
Intestinal from chymotrypsin (These protein-
nucleases
wall anus. pancreas)
Disaccharides digesting enzymes, or proteases,
cleave bonds adjacent to certain
amino acids.)
4) Nucleotides Pancreatic lipase
3) Small Large Smaller
HISTOLOGY OF HUMAN GUT (TRANSVERCE SECTION) Intestine polypeptides
Intestine
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase
Minerals, Vitamins, Water, Some minerals and drugs.
Glycerol, fatty acids,
Mucosa:- Inner most layer. Muscularis externa:- outer to sub mucosa. Glucose, fructose Small peptides
monoglycerides
SMALL
fatty acids Amino INTESTINE Dipeptidases, carboxy-
Nucleotidases
Sub-Mucosa:- Outside mucosa. Serosa:- outermost layer. DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (enzymes peptidase, and
acids, etc. from Disaccharidases aminopeptidase (These
Nucleosides
intestinal proteases each split off one amino Nucleosidases
epithelium) acid at a time from a dipeptide or and
polypeptide.) phosphatases

Nitrogenous bases,
Monosaccharides Amino acids sugars, phosphates

INDIGESTION
VOMITING DIARRHOEA CONSTIPATION Due to deficiency of
JAUNDICE Marasmus:- both protein and
. Feeling of fullness due PROTEIN-ENERGY calories.
. Ejection of stomach . Abnormal frequency
. Skin and eye turn . Infrequent elimination to improper digestion. MALNUTRITION (pEM)
content through mouth. of bowel movement,
yellow due to deposition of dry stool.
. Controlled by vomit increased liquidity of . Due to anxiety, food . The dietary deficiencies
of bill pigments.
center (Medulla the faecal discharge. . Due to decreased poisoning, inadequate of protein and food Kwashiorkor:- Due to protein deficiency.
. Liver damage. oblongala). . Reduce absorption of food. peristalsis in colon. enzyme secretion, etc. Calories.

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001